2022年中考英语语法复习之情态动词（带练习）(共30张PPT)

(共30张PPT)
2022年中考英语语法知识复习之情态动词
by Nancy
情态动词
又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点：
⑴ 它们必须与其他动词连用，即：情态动词＋动词原形
表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。
⑵ 绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数不加-s
（以be和have 开头的情态动词短语除外）
⑶ 在意义上，情态动词具有“多义性”
情态动词的基本用法
1. can的基本用法：
⑴ 表示体力或智力上的能力，即“能够，会”，可与be able to转换。
⑵ 表示许可，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may。
⑶ 表示“可能”，与may同义，但一般用在疑问句中。
注意： 与第一、二人称连用时，还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议。在这里，也可用could使语气婉转。
eg，
1. ---Can you play the guitar ---Yes, I can.
2. He can drive the car now because he passed the driving test.
3. My father can’t be at homw. He is on business now.
2. may的基本用法:
⑴ 表示“许可”，用can比较口语化。
⑵ 肯定句中表示推测，“可能”。
注意：如果在疑问句中表示“可能”，通常用can。
⑶ 【注意】：—May I/we……？
—Yes, you may./—No, you mustn’t.
eg，
---May I take my dog on the bus
---No, you mustn’t.
3. must的基本用法:
⑴ 表示必须，强调说话人的主观意志。
【注意】：表示“必须“时，must的否定式为needn’t ，或don’t have to ,而不是mustn’t。
eg，
—Must I/we do it now？
—Yes, you must . 是的，你必须
—No, you needn’t /don’t have to . 不，你没有必要
⑵ 表示推测，一般只用于肯定陈述句,表示非常肯定。
eg，
It must be Lily’s coat. Her name is on it.
4. have to的基本用法：
have to可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而have to却有人称和数的变化，要视主语的不同而变化。
注意： must和have to不同之处：
must强调主观需要；have to强调客观需要。
eg，
It’s dark now. I have to go home to cook.
We must do something to protect the environment.
5. need的基本用法
need的基本词义是“需要”，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。
⑴ need用作情态动词时，只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式，后接动词原形。
【注意】：—Need I/we……？
—Yes，you must ./—No, you needn’t / don’t have to .
⑵ need用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。
如果人作主语，一般后接带to的动词不定式。即need to do sth；
如果物作主语，一般后用need to be done 或need doing sth。
eg，
1. He need have a rest because he has worked for 24 hours.
= He needs to have a rest because he has worked for 24 hours.
2. The book needs reading.= The book needs to be read.
6. had better的基本用法：
had better常略作’d better。现代语法认为它是一个助动词，因为它后接不带to的动词不定式。
had better do sth意思是“最好做某事；还是做某事比较好”。
【注意】：You’d better….表示劝告或委婉的命令，对长辈不宜使用。
eg，
You had better not smoke her, Sir.
You had better finish your work today.
情态动词考点
1. 情态动词词义
2. 含情态动词的肯定否定回答
练习题
1. —Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.
—It ______ be very expensive. I never even dream about it.
A. must B. might C. can’t D. shouldn’t
2. —Listen! Is Mr. Wang giving a speech in the hall
—No, it be him. He has gone to Japan.
A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. can’t
3.—Let’s go to the Renmin Park by taxi.
—Oh, it is not far away from here. We _______take a taxi.
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
4. —Can you play the violin
—Yes, I _______. I often practice it every day.
A. needn’t B. need C. can’t D. can
5. —Must I finish the homework today？
— No，you ______.
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't
6. —______ I take some photos in the show
— No, you ______.
A. Can, needn’t B. Must, mustn’t C. Could, won’t D. May, mustn’t
7. --- Was Mary late again this morning
---No, she rushed into the classroom as____ as she____ before the bell rang.
A.quick;can B.quickly;could C.quickly;can D.quick;could
8. —Must we wear school uniforms to school, Miss Li
—No, you _______________.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
9. You ________ be tired after walking a long way. Go to bed earlier tonight.
A. need B. must C. needn’t D. mustn’t
10. Boys and girls, don’t forget your report . It ______ today.
A. can’t finish B. can’t be finished
C. should finish D. should be finished
11. —Is your mother knocking at the door
—No. It ________ be Lucy. She is in Japan now.
A. needn’t B. must C. can’t D. mustn’t
12. If the traffic light is red, you ________ cross the road. It’s very dangerous.
A. don’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
13. —Our friend won the English speaking contest.
—Congratulations! You _______ be very proud of it.
A. can B. need C. would D. must
14. —____________I borrow these books
—Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed.
A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need
15. —Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mum
—No, you , my dear. You’re free to make your own decision.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
16. You________stop when the traffic lights turn red.[2018.重庆中考.B]
A. can’t B. may C. must D. needn
17. As middle school students, we ______ follow the public rules wherever we go．
A. would B. should C. might D. could
18. We don’t allow taking magazines out, but you _____ copy the article you need on the machine over there.
A.can B.must C.should D.would
19. ---Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin
--- You _______ go if you have finished your homework.
A.must B. need C. should D. can
20. We should keep quiet in the library. We speak loudly.
A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. needn’t
21. According to the notice, guests at this hotel __________use the sports center at no extra cost.
A. can B. should C. must D. need
22. ----Mum, it’s too hot. ________ I swim in the lake
----No, you ___________. That’s too dangerous!
A.Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t
C. Must; needn’t D. Could; mustn’t
23. The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _____ worry about its weight.
A. must B. may C. can’t D. needn’t
24. ----Mum, may I play computer games this evening
----No way, you __________finish your homework.
A.can B. must C. may D. will
谢谢大家！