中考二轮专题题型复习语法填空解题技巧学案（含答案）

中考英语语法填空解题技巧
语法填空口诀
动词形、名词数，代词格、级形副，
分析句子结构路，习惯用法要记住，
逻辑关系连词突，介词、冠词各占一空。
中考英语语法填空，不论是单句填空还是短文填空，主要有两种形式的空：用所给词（v、n、pron、adj、adv)的正确形式填空；无提示词填空（prep、conj、art)。说白了，中考就考四道题：
第一道题：动词变形题是指括号中给出了一个动词，需要对该动词进行形式变化才能符合句子要求的设题类型。此类设题主要有两个角度，其中的一个角度就是考查动词的自身变化【动词的谓语形式(时、语态变化)及非谓语形式(动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词】；另一个角度是考查动词与名词、形容词、副词的相互变化【构词法知识】；
第二道题：名词或代词变形题 名词变形题指的是对所给名词进行自身变化（名词的单数变复数、名词变成名词所有格）或者相互变化（名词变形容词、名词变动词、名词变副词）【构词法知识】；代词变形题主要考查代词的格（主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词的相互变化，甚至个别不定代词之间的变化：如：many 变成much, both变成neither， other变成others 或another, some变any, all 变none , few 变 little);
第三道题：形容词或副词变形题 形容词或副词变形题主要考查它们的自身变化（级的变化：原级、比较级、最高级）或者相互变化（形容词变副词、形容词变成动词、形容词变成名词、副词变成形容词）【构词法知识】；
第四道题：无提示词填空题 无提示填空题是一种在不给提示词的前提下，要求根据句意、句法或句子间逻辑关系而填空的设题。这里要填的主要是介词、连词、冠词、代词 it、关系代词/副词。由于不给提示词，实际上加大了解题的难度。解答此类题目（特别是要填的是连词）时，首先要从句意上去考虑，看看句意是否通顺连贯。然后从句子结构上去考虑，看看所填句子是简单句还是复合句，如果是复合句，就要考虑从句连接词的选择。最后从句子间的逻辑上考虑，选择适合句子间逻辑关系的词进行填充。比如因果关系要考虑so, because 等； 转折关系要考虑but, though; 并列关系要考虑and。如果是缺关系代词/关系副词，则要根据定语从句的句子成分来定夺。而要填的是介词时，一定要关注空格前的动词是不是vi,是vi 要考虑其搭配，更要考虑空格后的词/短语的含义，选择用合适的介词。冠词一般出现在名词或名词短语前，特别是单数可数名词前要考虑a/an。另外要注意习惯用法。
中考语法填空题的解题步骤：
若是短文语法填空，就读首段首句，预猜文章大意；（若猜不出文章大意，就快速浏览全文）；如果是单句，直接进第二步。
边读边认边填 ；（看要填的空有无提示词，有，是哪些词？用以上的方法去套用）
重读以检查核对。
动词形（谓语形式和非谓语形式)
词形填空 自身变化 名词数（名词变复数和所有格）
代词格（代词主格、宾格、形容词性
语法 主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词）
级形副（形容词、副词的三级互变）
填空 相互变化（构词法知识，nv.adjadv.)
无提示词填空(介词、连词、冠词、代词）
下面我们以2021年浙江省杭州市英语中考试卷为例，讲解如何做题：
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
All around the world, families celebrate special days together. Traditions for these days 51 __________ (be)very different. Some of them may surprise you.
Families in most countries have a special day to celebrate mothers. In Serbia, this day is on 52__________ second Sunday before Christmas. On that day, children sneak（溜）into their 53 ____________（mother）bedroom and tie her feet with ribbon（丝带）so that she can't get out of bed. Then they shout, "Mother's Day, Mother's Day! What will you pay 54_______ (get) away " Then the mother gives 55________ (they)small treats and presents as payment so that the kids "free" her.
In China, they say that 56 ________ (baby)are one year old when they are born. After that, all children celebrate their birthday on New Year's Day because that's when they grow a year 57_______ (old). Actual birthdays are 58_________ (usual)celebrated with a big family meal. The tradition is that the "birthday boy" or "birthday girl" should fill their mouth with as many long noodles 59_________ they can and then eat them. This is because in Chinese culture, long noodles are a symbol 60____________ long life.
解答分析：这篇短文语法填空题，首先读首段首句，预猜文章大意：我们读第一句就知道它是介绍“全世界的家庭怎么在一起庆祝特别的日子”的。然后边读边认边填。
51空是个动词be, 分析句子结构我们知道be在这个句子作谓语，而时间是these days,主语是复数名词traditions，所以填are;
52空是无提示词，根据句意和结构，应该填个冠词the，因为空格后是个序数词second，表示特指;
53空是个名词且在句中作定语，根据句意应填mother的所有格（mother’s);
54空是动词，分析句子结构我们知道它作目的状语,所以用非谓语动词---不定式to get;
55空是个代词，代词考查“格”，根据句子结构，空格处是个宾语，应填宾格them;
56空是个名词,名词考查“数”，根据句子结构，空格处的名词作宾语从句的主语，根据后面的谓语are, 这就考查了名词的复数，答案是babies;
57空是形容词，形容词考查“级”，根据句意填比较级,故答案是older;
58空也是形容词，这里没有“级”的意味，应该是相互变化（形容词变成副词），的确它在句中修饰动词celebrated作状语，故用副词usually;
59空是无提示词，根据句型“as many as”意思是“尽量多的”。故填as;
60.空还是无提示词，猜都要猜到是介词了，何况根据句型“a symbol of sth.”意思是“.......的象征”。句意：这是因为长面条是长寿的象征。故填of。
强化训练： 语法填空（共80小题；每小题1分，满分80分）
A（2021年长沙市中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry is 56 American businessman. One day, when he was sailing(航行)on a boat near San Francisco, he was carried out into the sea by a strong wind. 57 (luck), he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound(开往伦敦的)ship. So he 58 (land) in London by accident. Alone and 59 (hunger), he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he 60 (call) into a big house. There two rich 61 (brother), Oliver and Roderick, gave him a letter and told 62 (he) not to open it until two o’clock of the day. Henry didn’t know it was a million-pound(百万英镑)bank note. He left the big house and went into a cheap restaurant to get something to eat. Everyone was impolite and impatient to him. Why 63 he was in rags(衣衫褴褛)and looked dirty. Then, 64 everyone’s surprise, he handed the owner a million-pound bank note to pay for the meal. On seeing the note, all the people in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best 65 (please) Henry. Don’t you think it’s the most unbelievable story in the world
B（2020年昆明市中考真题）
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，使语篇意思完整，必要时请用否定式。
Where I'm from, were pretty relaxed about time. We don't like to rush around, so we 66 （mind）if people are a little late sometimes, If you tell a friend you're going to their house for dinner, it's OK if you arrive a bit late. We 67 （real） enjoy our time slowly, We 68 （valuable）the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. We often just drop by our friends' homes if we have time. 69 （besides）, we don't usually have to make plans to meet our friends. We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can！
In Switzerland, it's very important 70 （is） on time. We're the capital of clocks and watches, after all! If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, then you 71 （expect） to be there at noon. If you're even 15 minutes late， 72 （you） friend may get mad. So I make an 73 （effort） to be on time when I meet my friends. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it's impolite to keep others 74 （wait）. Also, we never visit a friend's house without calling 75 （one）. We almost always make plans to see friends. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together.
C（2021年永州市中考真题）
阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(限1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子通顺完整。
56. Nowadays, better medical care and cleaner water help people live ________ (long).
57. At the very heart of Beijing, the Palace Museum is China’s largest of all the ancient ________ (building).
58. People around the world are working on ________ (reduce) the causes of global warming.
59. He who has not climbed ________ Great Wall is not a true man.
60. The official language of China is Putonghua, ________ the foreigners usually call it Mandarin.
61. Aid-Autumn Festival is a special time for families and it is ________ the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.
62. Chairman Mao once ________ (say) that women could hold up half the sky.
63. China ________ (have) three main types of teas: green tea, black lea and wulong (a tea, halfway between black and green tea).
64. Mattew Chimudzi wants to study Chinese so that he can have a good _______ (communicate) with people in China one day.
65. When it comes to my birthdays, I would like to invite my friends _______ (watch) a movie.
D（2021年河北省中考真题）
Hi Alice,
My name’s Zhao Ming and I’d like to be your pen friend. I’m 16 years old. I have two little brothers. They’re very 71.____________ (love). I often help my parents look 72.____________ them in my spare time. My mother 73.____________ (work) in a toy shop. She loves 74.____________ (she) job. And my father is 75.____________ engineer. He is busy every day, 76.____________ he tries to spend more time with us.
I’m in the school basketball team. We usually play 77.____________ (match) on Saturday mornings. Last week we played against another school. They ran 78.____________ (fast) than us. However. we had better teamwork. Finally, we 79.____________ (win)! How happy we were! This is the 80.____________ (eight)time we beat them.
Could you tell me something about you Please write.
Best
Zhao Ming
E（2021年吉林长春市中考真题）
阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(限1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子通顺完整。
1. I want to be a teacher like Zhang Guimei when I grow ___________.
2. The smart boy can find Beijing easily on _________ map of China
3. If you borrow books from the library, give ____________ back on time
4. Changbai Mountain in Jin Province is a good place ____________（have）fun.
5. They came up ___________a good idea to keep their classroom clean and tidy.
6. We should speak to the old people ____________(polite)
7. Helen enjoys_____________(listen) to soft music when she is tired
8. Don't eat too much junk food because it's ____________(healthy)
9. Shanghai is my father's favorite city and it's his _____________(five)time to visit it.
10. People show thanks to __________ (nurse)because they take good care of patients.
F（2021年上海市中考真题）
阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(限1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子通顺完整。
I live near my school. It takes me only ten to walk there. (minute)
Lily and Mary have known each other for years. (seventh)
The Bund attracts many people with beautiful night view. (it)
The organization has set strict rules on the release of chemicals. (harm)
Without the glasses, he can’t see the words on the blackboard . (clear)
Tony has made up his mind to be a soldier to the country after graduation. (service)
Shanghai Museum has a large of works of art from home and abroad. (collect)
Some rainforests are likely to if we don’t take action to protect them. (appear)
I never doubt _______ this English dictionary is of great help to me.
___ elephant is heavier than a horse.
G（2021年福建省中考真题）
阅读下面短文, 根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示, 在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词, 要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确, 使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Tai chi is a symbol of Chinese culture. It was first __81___ (develop)in China as wushu, but it's becoming one of _ 82 _ most popular sports around the world. It's practiced by over 100 million people in more than 150 83 (country).
Tai chi is a mix of breathing, meditation（冥想）and 84 / sl / movements. As you make your movements, you breathe 85 (deep) and naturally with meditation. This helps you ___86 /fri:/ yourself from relax and pressure（压力）.
Caitlin, a young German beginner, says, "Tai chi is a fun exercise, easy to learn, and you don't have to be good 87 it to enjoy it. I love the feeling of calm I get from it. "
It's best to learn tai chi from a teacher, so you can either look for local clubs 88 ask at school about classes. You can also take an 89 / n la n / class and try tai chi at home.
It's a perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after _ 90 (spend)a tiring day. It's worth a go, isn’t it
H（2021年浙江省丽水市中考真题）
Ed, William and Dan are three young men who love music. They've left their comfortable homes without taking any 66 ________ (money)or mobile phones. They plan 67________ (walk) around the whole Britain, singing for dinner and sleeping anywhere like fields.
Ed and Dan met William when they were at school. They all liked walking. 68_______ they finished school, Ed went to study art in Paris and became 69. __________ artist. Dan became a gardener and William a bookseller. They were still friends, 70_________ they weren’t very happy with their lives.
One day they said, "Why don't we start walking " And so they did.
They love simple activities 71_________ the busy, stressful world.
"People often ask 72._________ (we) why we’re doing this. But you know it’s a great life and we’re learning so much on our journey, "says William 73___________ (proud).
Last year they started a website to tell people a lot of stories about their walks. This year they’d like to make videos and tell 74________ (many)stories. Next year, they 75. (make) CD of their songs and start charity. The future looks good.
参考答案
A（2021年长沙市中考真题）
56. an 57. Luckily 58. landed 59. hungry 60. was called 61. brothers 62. him 63. Because 64. to 65. to please
B（2020年昆明市中考真题）
Don’t mind 67. really 68. value 69. Besides
to be 71. are expected 72. your 73. effort
waiting 75. first
C（2021年永州市中考真题）
longer 57. buildings 58. reducing 59. the 60. while 61. celebrated
said 63. has munication 65. to watch
D（2021年河北省中考真题）
71. lovely 72. after 73. works 74. her 75. an
76. but 77. matches 78. faster 79. won 80. eighth
E（2021年吉林长春市中考真题）
1. up 2. the 3. them 4. to have 5. with
6. politely 7. listening 8 unhealthy 9. fifth 10. nurses
F（2021年上海市中考真题）
minutes 45. seven 46. its 47. harmful 48. clearly
49.serve 50. collection 51. disappear 52. that 53. An
G（2021年福建省中考真题）
81. developed 82. the 83. countries 84. slow 85. deeply
86. free 87. at 88. or 89. online 90. spending
H（2021年浙江省丽水市中考真题）
66. money 67. to walk 68. After/When 69. an 70. but
71. in 72. us 73. proudly 74. more