14：中考英语报刊时文 + 中考题型精选精炼（阅读理解说明文）（全国通用）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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第14讲：
中考报刊时文 +
中考题型精选（阅读理解说明文）
)
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时文简报
模精选
)
题源: https://www.
音乐揭露了大脑的哪些信息？
What music reveals about our minds
Music is a powerful tool to access information about ourselves. Two recent studies are offering new insights into how our favorite tunes are linked to memories and our personalities — and how those connections can make lives better.
音乐是一个能让我们了解自己的强大工具。最近的两项研究提供了新的见解，即我们最喜欢的音乐是如何与记忆还有我们的个性联系在一起的——以及这些联系如何让生活变得更加美好。
There has long been a beneficial association between music and patients with Alzheimer's or dementia. Repeatedly listening to music that is personally meaningful has been found to improve the brain's adaptability in patients with early Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment.
长期以来，音乐对阿尔茨海默症或痴呆症患者都是有益的。研究发现，反复听对个人有意义的音乐可以改善早期阿尔茨海默症患者或轻度认知障碍患者的大脑适应性。
重点词汇
1. access / k.ses/ 获取
We advise staff on how to access appropriate training.
2. insight / n.sa t/ 深刻见解
It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships.
3. throwback / θr .b k/ 回到过去
This year’s styles are throwbacks to the fashions of the 1940s.
4. Alzheimer’s / lts hɑ m rz/阿尔兹海默症
5. Dementia /d men. / 痴呆症
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中考
时文阅读
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中考时文阅读-当今人们孤独的问题
Millions of Chinese have played a mobile game called Travel Frog. You play as the “mother” of a frog who lives alone and traveling. You need to prepare food and tools for his trips. The frog will send you postcards while he is away.
The game’s popularity may have something to do with how lonely people are these days, according to the Xinhua News Agency.Many players have said that the lonely frog is just like them. But playing with the frog helps them forget their loneliness for a short time.
Loneliness seems to be common problem today. According to The Guardian, about 40 percent of American adults say they’re lonely. And in the UK, about one in every five people in the country is “always or often lonely’’, The Telegraph reported.
This might be why UK government announced the country’s very first “Minister of Loneliness” January. The minister’s job is to find ways to help people in the UK feel less lonely. The minister’s office will provide more money activities hat connect people together.
This loneliness problem maybe partly due to social media (媒体). When we see pictures of friends having fun or posting selfies without us, we may compare their“perfect” lives with our own and feel upset and lonely.
But we should remember that no one is born to be lonely. As the UK poet John Donne once wrote, “ No man is an island, entire of itself. Every man is a piece of the continent (陆地) a part of the main..”
19. People play the mobile game called Travel Frog because they are ________.
A. happy B.angry C.lonely D.excited
20. The purpose of introducing Travel Frog is________.
A.tell us how to play this game B. lead in more popular games
C.tell us how popular this game is D. lead in the problem of loneliness
21. To deal with loneliness, Minister of Loneliness_______.
A.designed the game B.found ways to get people together
C.reported the problem in the newspaper D. stopped people from using social media
22. What does the last paragraph tell us
A.In fact, we are not lonely. B.Loneliness is a big problem.
C.Everyone should live the way he likes. D. It is no use comparing ourselves with others.
【答案】19.C 20. D 21. B 22. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要通过一款游戏引出当今人们孤独的问题。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The game’s popularity may have something to do with how lonely people are these days, according to the Xinhua News Agency.”可知，据新华社报道，这款游戏的流行可能与如今人们的孤独程度有关。故选C。
20题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，通过这款游戏引出当今人们孤独的问题。故选D。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The minister’s office will provide more money activities that connect people together.”可知，它提供更多的资金活动，将人们联系在一起。故选B。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据“But we should remember that no one is born to be lonely.”可知，没有人生来就是孤独的。故选A。
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中考题型精选
精讲
)
阅读理解说明文阅读的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who→what→when→where→how→why。
1.who:问的是这篇文章的主体是谁 (即所要说明和描述的人或事物)
2.what:问的是主体做了什么事情 (即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途)
3.when和where:是在何时何地发生的 (即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途)
4.how:通过什么方式表现出来的
5.why:这种特性功能用途的原因是什么
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
说明文体裁文章的阅读技巧
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息：
A. 说明的对象
B. 说明对象的特征
C. 说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法）
（1）例证法
这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。通常在主题句后,用For example 或 For instance 等短语引导出具体的例子。
（2）定义法
下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。
（3）分类法
分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。
（4）因果关系法
事物变化的原因和结果是紧密相关的。如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系。因果关系包括由果推因(由结果去推测原因)和由因推果(由原因去推测结果)两种情况。因果关系符合人们的日常思维逻辑,因而在写作中得到广泛应用,常用because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果关系。
（5）比较对照法
有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起,用比较的方法加以描述或说明,指出其相同点,这种写法叫做比较;指出其不同点,叫做对照。比较和对照各有不同的侧重,但两种方法经常结合使用。
（6）过程分析法
过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关系,但彼此又有明显区别:叙事研究的对象是What happens;因果关系研究的对象是Why it happens,而过程分析研究的对象是How it happens。
典例剖析
（2021·山东济南·中考真题）
Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate（气候）change will have the biggest influence on the world’s poorest people. New research now suggests that has already happened over the past years.
A study coming out in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science found that in most poor countries, higher temperatures are more than 90% likely to have resulted in a fall in economic output（经济产量）, compared to a world without global（全球的）warming. The influence has been less big in richer countries—with some even benefiting（获益） from higher temperatures.
“We’re not saying that global warming created inequality（不公平）,” says Noah S. Diffenbaugh, the writer of the study and a professor at Stanford University who studies climate change. But “global warming has slowed down the improvement”. The poorest countries are facing the worst influence of rising temperatures—for which they are least responsible, he adds.
The new study builds on past research. A 2015 study in the journal Nature predicted that the average income（平均收入）） in the poorest countries will be 25% lower by 2100 compared to a world without warming, while some of the richest countries—like the USA—could experience an increase in income. And a report from IPCC, the UN’s climate science body, showed that if global temperatures rise more than 1.5℃ by the end of the century, poor countries will likely face very serious challenges, including the disappearance of whole communities and millions of early deaths. “They will suffer the most, as they are already,” said Mary Robinson, who used to be a UN Special Envoy on climate Change and a president of Ireland.
The influence is greater elsewhere, especially in Sub-Saharan, African countries including Sudan, Burkina Faso and Niger, where climate change has driven the average income more than 20% lower. “There are a number of ways by which temperature influences economic activities,” says Diffenbaugh What’s clear is that, for poor countries, the news is all bad.
1．According to the text, warmer temperatures ________.
A．are mainly caused by poor countries B．may bring advantages to rich countries
C．had no influence on the world before D．can improve the poorest people’s health
2．What does “suffer” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean in Chinese
A．供应 B．犹豫 C．遭受 D．谋利
3．Which of the following will face great economic problems caused by climate change
A．The UN. B．The USA． C．Ireland. D．Burkina Faso.
4．What is the main idea of the text
A．Climate change will make poor countries poorer.
B．We must take action to deal with climate change.
C．Climate change can cause millions of early deaths.
D．People make good predictions about climate change.
5．From which is the text most probably taken
A．A geography textbook. B．A health magazine. C．A research paper. D．A storybook.

【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了气温升高会对贫穷国家造成重大影响，使他们更加贫穷。
1．细节理解题。根据“The influence has been less big in richer countries—with some even benefiting（获益） from higher temperatures.”可知，在较富裕的国家，气候变化的影响较小，有些国家甚至从高温中获益。所以，气温升高可能会给富裕国家带来好处。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据画线词后句“as they are already.”以及前文“poor countries will likely face very serious challenges, including the disappearance of whole communities and millions of early deaths.”可知，贫穷国家很可能面临非常严重的挑战，包括整个社区的消失和数百万人的过早死亡。所以，贫穷国家会遭受气温升高所带来的影响。画线词suffer意为“遭受”，故选C。
3．细节判断题。根据“The influence is greater elsewhere,especially in sub-Saharan,African driven the average income more than 20% lower.”可知，布基纳法索（非洲国家）将面临由气候变化引起的重大经济问题。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据“Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate （气候） change will have the big influence on the world's poorest people.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了气温升高会对贫穷国家造成重大影响，使他们更加贫穷。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据“Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate （气候） change will have the big influence on the world's poorest people. New research now suggests that has already happened over the past years.”可知，科学家们早就预测，气候变化导致的气温升高将对世界上最贫穷的人产生重大影响。新的研究表明，这种情况在过去几年已经发生了。本文最有可能来源于一篇研究论文。故选C。
基础练：
Passage1
Students will be given lessons on how to sleep in Scotland for the first time. Schools will get materials to teach students how to get enough sleep. The teaching created by the charity Sleep Scotland is used to be part of the school course. Its aim is to help people realize the importance of sleep for young people’s bodies and minds.
The charity said watching TV and using computers and mobile phones at night can prevent children getting the nine hours of sleep they need. Sleep Scotland, which also offers asleep advising service, said getting enough sleep can improve grades and physical health. However, less sleep can lead to be heavy and have a greater risk of feeling hopeless.
Jane Ansell, leader of sleep Scotland, said, “I don’t think any parent would send out their child without enough food in the morning, or beautiful clothing, and they know how important exercise is, so why should you send your child out without enough sleep ”
The charity hopes to tell young people why they need a full night’s sleep and how to develop good sleeping habits. Kate Pearce, a teacher of guidance, said, “We’ve studied it for more than three years. Students often find it very difficult to get up in the morning and pay attention to their study. Sleep is surely a problem for them.”
Research shows that sleep time for children around the world has decreased over the past 10 to 20 years. A report said young people often believed they could makeup for (弥补) sleep time by sleeping late at weekends. However, by going to bed later at weekends they were actually forcing a change in their body clocks, and it may influence their study on Monday mornings.
1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs in Scotland
A．All children have nine hours of sleep.
B．Children can’t sleep well at night.
C．Schools used to have no lessons on sleep.
D．Many people feel hopeless.
2．Which of the following is true according to the charity Sleep Scotland
A．Few children go to school with breakfast.
B．Parents think sleep is less important.
C．It’s helpful to sleep more at weekends.
D．Less sleep may make children heavy.
3．What does the underlined words “ decreased” probably mean
A．Gone down. B．Been wasted. C．Come up. D．Been used up.
4．Which part can the passage be usually read in a newspaper
A．Culture. B．Health. C．Sports. D．Business.
Passage 2
The AI (人工智能) has changed our lives. There are four useful AI inventions here.
Jiuge The Al can remember 300,000 Chinese poems clearly. What’s more, it can write a poem in a very short time. In a CCTV show, Jiuge beat three great poem fans from a famous college. It will flash(闪) two white lights side to side to show thanks to the bus. Forpheus The ping-pong robot can play in an easy way with a beginner and a difficult way with a better player. What’s more, it not only encourages players with words like “Good job!”, but also gives some good advice to improve their skills.
Self-driving AI It can drive the car more safely than humans. It doesn’t drink wine and never feels tired. It can do what we humans do. For example, if a car with this AI has passed a bus, it will flash two white lights side to side to show thanks to the bus. Facial Recognition(人脸识别) It is used a lot in the world such as ACS. ACS won’t let a stranger in without the house owner’s permission(允许). Paying by facial recognition is common now. The police in Hangzhou even caught a criminal(罪犯) at a concert with its help.

5．Why is Jiuge special
A．Because it can play the violin. B．Because it’s good at poems.
C．Because it can drive cars safely. D．Because it was on CCTV.
6．What will Forpheus do while playing
A．It will guess what job the player is.
B．It will be angry if the player is a beginner.
C．It will say “What a shame!” to the player.
D．It will change its way of playing according to different players.
7．When does the Self-driving AI car flash two white lights side toside
A．When the car has to stop. B．When the car wants to slow down.
C．When the car is ready to speed up. D．When it has passed other vehicles.
8．What does the underlined word “ACS” mean in Chinese
A．电子商务 B．门禁控制 C．社会福利 D．公共卫生
9．Which is TRUE according to the passage
A．No one can beat Forpheus.
B．Jiuge has written 300,000 poems.
C．Facial Recognition helped the police catch a criminal.
D．Self-driving AI can make subway trains safer.
基础练
Passage 1
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【分析】
为了让年轻人们了解睡眠的重要性，一个慈善组织Sleep Scotland创建了一个课程，让苏格兰的学生们在学校里学习如何获得充足的睡眠和养成好的睡眠习惯。
1．细节理解题。根据短文开头“Students will be given lessons on how to sleep in Scotland for the first time.”可知，苏格兰的学生们将第一次在学校里学习如何睡觉，由此可知，学校过去没有关于睡眠的课程。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, less sleep can lead to be heavy and have a greater risk of feeling hopeless.”可知，睡眠不足会导致孩子发胖，并有更大的风险感到绝望。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据语境“A report said young people often believed they could make up for (弥补) sleep time by sleeping late at weekends.”年轻人认为他们可以在周末弥补睡眠时间。由此可知，他们的睡眠时间变少了。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据文意可知，这篇短文介绍了睡眠不足对身体健康的影响，让年轻人们意识到充足睡眠的重要性。文章与健康有关，故选B。

Passage 2
5．B 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个有用的人工智能发明。
5．细节理解题。根据“The Al can remember 300,000 Chinese poems clearly. What’s more, it can write a poem in a very short time.”可知，因为它擅长诗歌的记忆和写作。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“The ping-pong robot can play in an easy way with a beginner and a difficult way with a better player.”可知，它会根据不同的玩家而改变游戏方式。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据“For example, if a car with this AI has passed a bus, it will flash two white lights side to side to show thanks to the bus.”可知，当它超过其他车辆时会闪烁两个白灯，以示感谢，故选D。
8．词义猜测题。根据“ACS won’t let a stranger in without the house owner’s permission(允许).”可知，没有房主的许可，ACS不会让陌生人进来，说明这是管理人员出入的系统，所以ACS指的是“门禁控制”，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据“The police in Hangzhou even caught a criminal(罪犯) at a concert with its help.”可知，面部识别技术帮助警方抓获了罪犯。故选C。
提升练：
Passage 1 （2021·广西河池·模拟预测）
These years people show all kinds of things on the Internet—good food, nice clothes, wonderful vacations and so on. Now showing the number of steps is becoming popular, too.Why
People are finding it important to be in good health. To keep healthy, many people go to work on foot. When they start walking, they open the step counter app in their phones to record how many steps they walk that day. After a day’s walk, some people show the number on We Chat or Weibo. This can make them learn from each other and keep exercising.
“This helps me to exercise much and keep a good habit,” Miss Liu said. “I can also talk about how to keep healthy with my friends on We Chat. We are in the same group to encourage each other to keep exercising.”
Mr. Wu likes to exercise. But in the past he was kind of lazy and didn’t want to exercise everyday. “After I use the step counter app, everything is different. It’s great to exercise with my friends. Sometimes there are prizes for those who walk more steps. I really like it,” he said.
Walking is a relaxing and useful way to exercise. Both the old and the young like it. Recording the steps helps people develop a good habit of walking and showing the number can make people more interested in walking. But don’t take the number too seriously.
1．Now, _________ on the Internet is also becoming popular.
A．showing the number of steps B．showing wonderful vacations
C．showing good food and nice clothes D．showing nice clothes
2．To keep healthy, many people _________ to work.
A．walk B．ride a bike C．take a subway D．take a bus
3．We can’t know _________ from the second paragraph.
A．the use of the step counter app B．why they show the number online
C．people who walk more steps get prizes D．people are finding it important to be in good health
4．_________ is TRUE according to the passage.
A．More people go to work on foot to save money
B．Many people don’t go to work on foot
C．People usually show the number of steps in the morning
D．Miss Liu and Mr. Wu like to exercise with their friends
5．What does the writer think of showing the number of steps
A．It can make people lazy.
B．It can make people drive cars.
C．It can’t make people develop a good habit of walking.
D．It can make people more interested in walking.

Passage 2 （2021·广东深圳·模拟预测）
Three-Two-One, Fire!
At the moment of 9:43a. m, on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (卫星发射中心) in Sichuan Province, the last satellite of the third-generation network (第三代导航系统) was sent into space. It is the 55th member in the family of BeiDou. It belongs to China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS北斗卫星导航系统). So far, 59 satellites,including the first four test ones, have been launched from Xichang. With the development of China, we have already owned three other famous satellite launch centers—Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Wenchang.
After a period of tests in space, this new satellite has started to work with other Beidou satellites together. It is designed to work for at least 12 years. So far,China has completed the third-generation network of China’s BDS. It was a new milestone in the nation’s space research work. The launch showed our country has completed our largest space-based system. It’s one of four global navigation networks, including the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
BDS has been widely used as public resources in our daily life. It has been shared by the whole world. It will offer more services around the world. BDS is the common wealth of the development of human beings.
6．When was the last satellite of the third-generation network (第三代导航系统) sent into space
A．On May 21st, 2019. B．On June 23rd, 2020.
C．On July 22cd, 2020. D．On September 23rd, 2020.
7．How many members are there in the family of Beidou
A．50. B．55. C．59. D．114.
8．What does the underlined word “milestone” mean in Chinese
A．记录 B．事业 C．里程碑 D．起点
9．The global navigation network—GLONASS belongs to _________.
A．China B．the United States C．Russia D．the European Union
10．According to the passage, what can we know
A．The last satellite of BDS was launched at 9:43 p.m. June 23rd, 2020.
B．The new satellite is designed to work for at most 12 years.
C．BDS is shared only by China as public resources.
D．So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China’sBDS.

Passage3 （2021·四川绵竹·二模）
When the mobile Internet is changing the way we live, more and more old people in China are getting in on the digital (数字的) world.
Yang Su, a 61-year-old micro vlogger (短视频博主), has more than 2.3 million followers on China’s famous short video APP Douyin. “Two and a half years ago, my son put a short video of me playing the piano at home on Douyin, and 44 hours later it was played over 1 million times,” Yang remembered.
After finishing his studies in the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, he became a pianist. With the development of the Internet, he walked into a new world. He filmed over 600 short videos and opened an official account (官方账户) on We Chat to share article and offer online piano lessons.
However, do other old people get used to the digital world like Yang
Ding Qiulin is a73-year-old man from Hunan. “I got my Smartphone more than one year ago, but I only use We Chat for video calls,” he said. Ding finds it hard to learn to use other APPs.
Luo Xu, a post-90s(九零后)volunteer, joined a non-profit (非营利性的) group in Beijing nine years ago to teach old people how to use the internet. “While I am helping people aged between 50 and 90 years old, I have a strong feeling of satisfaction,” Luo said.
11．How did Yang become famous at first
A．By sharing articles on We Chat.
B．By learning to make short videos.
C．By playing the piano in a short video on Douyin.
D．By giving online piano lessons.
12．How does the writer show not all old people get used to the digital world
A．By telling a story. B．By using numbers.
C．By asking a question. D．By using an example.
13．How old is Luo Xu
A．90 years old B．30 years old C．20 years old D．more than 20 years old
14．How does Luo Xu feel about his volunteer work
A．boring B．terrible C．sad D．glad
提升练
Passage 1
1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了如今流行的晒步数活动，并认为这让人们对步行更感兴趣。
1．细节理解题。根据原文“Now showing the number of steps is becoming popular, too”可知，如今在网上晒步数变得十分流行。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据原文“To keep healthy, many people go to work on foot”可知，为了保持健康，许多人步行上班。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据本文第二段内容可知，提到了计步app的用途，人们为什么要在网上晒步数，人们开始意识到健康的重要性。其中并没有提到C选项“走得多的人会得到奖品”，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据原文“We are in the same group to encourage each other to keep exercising … It’s great to exercise with my friends”可知，刘小姐和吴先生都喜欢和朋友一起锻炼。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据原文“Recording the steps helps people develop a good habit of walking and showing the number can make people more interested in walking”可知，记录步数有助于人们养成良好的步行习惯，显示步数可以让人们对步行更感兴趣。故选D。

Passage 2
6．B 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国的北斗卫星导航系统。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang……was sent into space”可知，2020年6月23日，在四川省西昌卫星发射中心，第三代导航系统的最后一颗卫星被送入太空，故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“It is the 55th member in the family of BeiDou”可推知，北斗家族有55个成员，故选B。
8．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“The launch showed our country has completed our largest space-based system”可知，这次发射表明我国已经完成了我们最大的天基系统，推知“a new milestone”表示“一个新的里程碑”，故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Russia’s GLONASS”可知，GLONASS属于俄罗斯，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China’s BDS”可知，目前，中国已经建成北斗系统第三代网络，故选D。

Passage 3
11．C 12．D 13．D 14．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越来越多的中国老年人进入了数字化世界。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Two and a half years ago, my son put a short video of me playing the piano at home on Douyin, and 44 hours later it was played over 1million times”可知，杨开始通过在抖音上弹奏一段钢琴的短视频变得出名，故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Ding Qiulin is a 73-year-old…Ding finds it hard to learn touse other APPs”可推知，作者通过举了丁秋林老人的例子来表明并非所有老年人都习惯于数字化世界，故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Luo Xu, a post-90s (九零后) volunteer”可推知，罗旭最大2021减去1991等于30岁，所以罗旭大概30岁以下，即“20多岁”，故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“I have a strong feeling of satisfaction”可推知，罗旭感觉他的志愿者工作让他很高兴，故选D。
真题练：
Passage1 （2021·内蒙古兴安盟·中考真题）
Facial recognition technology (人脸识别技术) is widely used today. For example, the police use it to search for bad guys. It’s also used to unlock phones or doors.
Now, a similar technology,known as facial detection (探测), is entering a new field: the business of advertising (广告).
Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores. One facial detection system canjudge (判断) a person’s“happiness” or “fear” level. Another system can detect whether someone is wearing eyeglasses. If so, stores can send advertisements for new glasses to him.
Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards. Cameras in those boards can detect information like people’s ages and five levels of feelings — from “very happy” to “very unhappy”.
Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers’ experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices.
Some are against the idea of using such systems. Pam Dixon, the head of a privacy (隐私) group, is one of them. She thinks ________. For example, a store could raise the price of a product according to a person’s age and feelings.
However, one store testing the technology explained people’s information like names or ages wouldn’t be stored. And the advertising board system maker said it didn’t keep any personal information or record any videos.
1．Facial detection technology can judge people’s ________, according to the passage.
A．weight B．feelings C．height D．hobbies
2．What does the underlined word “they” refer to
A．Supporters. B．Buyers. C．Products. D．Prices.
3．Which of the following sentences can be put in the ________
A．nobody likes to have their feelings collected B．it is very important to protect people’s privacy
C．the strange actions may cause something unfair D．stores may use them to have more customers
4．We can infer from the passage that facial detection technology________.
A．can detect buyers’ names and record them B．is put inside some large advertising boards
C．may be used to sell cheaper goods in all stores D．may need some time before being widely used
5．The best title of the passage may be “________”.
A．Facial Recognition Technology Entering a New Field
B．Facial Recognition Technology Looking for Bad Guys
C．Facial Detection Technology Going into Advertising Field
D．Facial Detection Technology Improving Buyers’ Experience
Passage 2（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）
Wetlands—lakes, rivers, marshes and coasts,can maintain biodiversity(保护生物多样性), control floods and remove pollutants. They are also helpful to rice and fish production, transportation and so on. They are important and necessary feeding and breeding grounds for migratory birds. They are the most threatened ecosystem(受到威胁的生态系统).World Wetlands Day came from the Convention on Wetlands(湿地公约) signed in Iran, China joined the convention on July 31, 1992. By the end of 2019, our country had 57 wetland nature reserves listed as major wetlands for protection under the convention, covering a total of nearly 7 million hectares.______________, as China has wetlands with65.9 million hectares, 10 percent of the world’s wetland areas, which comes fourth in the world. China also has some of Asia’s most important wetlands,such as Poyang Lake and Asia’s longest river, Yangtze River.
However, a WWF research showed China’s wetlands were seriously threatened by degradation because of pollution, climate change and over-exploitation. So our government has been taking actions to return farmland to wetland and remove some fish farms.
It was reported the 57key Chinese wetlands increased by 2,479 hectares from 2018 to 2019. Li Yan, an official from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, said at a news conference, “The area of wetlands in China has become larger over the past five years, growing by 202,600 hectares and making a great contribution to water quality and environmental protection. Between 2016 and 2020, China created 201 national wetland parks. China had 899 national wetland parks by the end of 2020, and nearly half of the country’s wetlands are protected by some level of government.”
China is carrying through on the convention for a continuous development and will make continuing efforts to perfect the laws on wetland protection. Several major projects on wetland protection will be carried out in some major areas, such as Yangtze River and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei province cluster.
6．Which of the following is the most suitable for the blank(空格) in Paragraph 2
A．World Wetlands Day is well-known B．Wetlands in China are seriously threatened
C．China doesn’t have large areas of wetlands D．Protection of wetlands in China is very important
7．The underlined word “degradation” in Paragraph 3 probably means________.
A．the process of something being made better
B．the process of something being made worse
C．the situation in which somebody has won all the respect
D．the situation in which somebody has lost all the respect
8．The writer lists some numbers in Paragraph 4 in order to ________.
A．introduce how large China’s wetlands are
B．explain how important China’s wetlands are
C．prove how much danger China’s wetlands are facing at present
D．show the achievements on wetland protection China has reached
9．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Wetlands in China are Famous B．China Makes Laws on Wetland Protection
C．China’s Wetlands are in Danger D．China Makes Progress on Wetland Protection

Passage3 （2021·内蒙古赤峰·中考真题）
More children in China are putting on weight.In 2018, 16 percent of Chinese children were overweight, according to the national Health Commission（NHC）.
Being too fat is bad for children’s health. According to the World Health Organization （WHO）, overweight children are more likely to develop diseases like diabetes（糖尿病）at a younger age. This can lead to a higher chance of earlier death.
On Oct 23rd, the NHC,together with five other national departments, worked out a plan. The plan aimsto reduce the growth of fatness among children aged 0—18 years by 70 percent from 2020 to 2030, Xinhua reported.
Kids are putting on weight because of changes in their diet and lifestyle, according to experts.Too much schoolwork and greater use of electronic devices（电子产品）could also be a cause.
According to the plan,teachers should not allow their classes to run too late or too early. They should make sure that students have breaks and enough physical（躯体上的）activity. School students should have at least three hours of active physical activity each week.
Parents should reduce their children’s use of electronic devices and stop their children from eating foods that are high in sugar, fat and salt.
10．According to the WHO, we know ___________.
A．16% of Chinese children were overweight in 2018
B．being too fat is good for children’s health
C．overweight children are more likely to develop diseases
D．fatness can lead to a higher chance of long life
11．Which one is NOT experts’ opinion
A．We should reduce the growth of fatness among adults.
B．Changing in children’s diet and lifestyle leads to being too fat.
C．Too much schoolwork maybe leads to being too fat.
D．Greater use of electronic devices could cause children to put on weight.
12．School students should have active physical activity for __________.
A．three hours a day
B．more than three hours every day
C．at least three hours each week
D．less than three hours each month
13．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Overweight isn’t a problem.
B．Say no to children’s getting too fat.
C．Putting on weight is necessary for the kids.
D．Teachers should not allow their classes to run too late.

Passage 4 （2021·江苏南通·中考真题）
In December 2020, “the Super Apple” Appeared at supermarkets across China, sweeter and juicier than usual ones, without pesticide residue(农药残留). Before reaching the market, the products had been tested over 500times. Block chain(区块链) technology in recording farmers’ actions is widely used to avoid nonstandard pesticide use. Digital technology at the apple storage helps to group apples, which can keep the stability(稳定性) in the quality. “The future of agriculture lies in the modern technology.” Huang Jikun, Professor of the China Centre for Agricultural Policy at Peking University, told Beijing Review.
At China’s Central Rural Work Conference in 2020, President Xi stressed that efforts must be made to increase the quality of agriculture. Xi also pointed out the importance of speeding up technologies.
China’s agriculture has entered a stage of high-quality development, as the country is meeting people’s increasing need for high standard products. So agriculture should turn to technology.
Three years ago, YuanLongping led a program of planting rice in saline－alkali(盐碱) soil in areas, including Xinjiang and Heilongjiang. Through hybrid technology, Yuan’s team have been able to raise improved rice for saline and alkaline soils. If China could put 6.67 million hectares of saline－alkali soil into rice production,it would be very likely to increase by around 30 million tons, a huge contribution to the country.
In Lushui, Yunnan Province, one can rarely see farmers working on the farm. All common tasks are completed automatically(自动化地). Data(数据) is gathered by the system to improve future production.
“More information and technology centers will be built so that basic data and big data can be improved, and technologies like 5G and the BeiDou Satellite Navigation System can be used in the field.”said Han Fujun, Deputy Chief Engineer of the information Center of MARA．
Since 2010, the Chinese government has been organizing technology exchanges, training, field trips and other activities for the agricultural technology talents to better understand the situations of each area.
Because of theCOVID-19, companies begin to rethink better agricultural models, as more people want to eat healthier foods.Science and technology will play a more important role in the future.
19．Which of the following makes ”the Super Apple” sweeter and juicier
A．The apple storage. B．The modern technology.
C．The product test. D．The record of farmers’ actions.
20．From the passage we know that ________.
A．traditional Chinese agriculture is out of date now
B．farmers will pay less attention to technologies
C．China’s agriculture plays a lead role in the world
D．people now need more quality agricultural products
21．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Yuan’s program is a huge contribution to China.
B．Farmers are busy collecting the data in Lushui.
C．5G and BeiDou system are rarely used in the centers.
D．Talents organize activities to understand each area.
22．The passage mainly wants to tell us ________.
A．Yuan Longping is a great Chinese scientist in farming
B．China’s agriculture develops fast to meet people’s need
C．science and technology improves China’s agriculture
D．more agricultural models will appear after COVID-1
真题练
Passage 1
1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C
【分析】
本文介绍了人脸检测技术在商业广告领域的应用，人们对这项技术有不同的看法，有的人认为这是侵犯了个人的隐私，系统制造商解释这并不会保存个人的任何信息。
1．细节理解题。根据“One facial detection system can judge (判断) a person’s “happiness”or “fear” level.”人脸检测系统判断一个人的“快乐”或“恐惧”程度，由此说明人脸检测系统可以说出人们的感受。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据“Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers’ experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices.”可知，这项技术可以通过向买家展示他们可能喜欢的产品，或以更低的价格向他们提供产品，从而改善买家的体验。所以单词they指的是“买家”，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“For example, a store could raise the price of a product according to aperson’s age and feelings.”可知，这个技术可以根据人的年龄和感受抬高产品价格，这种行为相对来说是不公平的。结合所给选项，此空填C选项符合语境，表示“这种奇怪的行为可能会引起某些不公平的事情”。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores.”可知，这种系统正在少数商店里进行测试，由此可推断，人脸检测系统在被广泛使用之前还需要一段时间，故选D。
5．最佳标题题。根据“Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection (探测), is entering a new field: the business of advertising (广告).”可知，本文主要讲述人脸检测系统在商业广告领域的应用。故选C。

Passage 2
6．D 7．B 8．D 9．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了世界湿地日的有关信息，主要介绍中国在湿地保护方面取得的成绩，告诉人们湿地在人们生活中的作用。
6．推理判断题。分析“By the end of 2019, our country had 57 wetland nature reserves listed as major wetlands for protection under the convention, covering a total of nearly7 million hectares…as China has wetlands with 65.9 million hectares, 10 percent of the world’s wetland areas, which comes fourth in the world. China also has some of Asia’s most important wetlands, such as Poyang Lake and Asia’s longest river, Yangtze River.”可知，本段介绍中国加入湿地公约，介绍了中国在湿地保护方面的努力，选项D“保护湿地在中国是非常重要的”符合语境，故选D。
7．词义猜测题。分析“However, a WWF research showed China’s wetlands were seriously threatened by degradation because of pollution, climate change and over-exploitation.”可知，世界自然基金会的一项研究表明，由于污染、气候变化和过度开发，中国的湿地正受到退化的严重威胁。此处degradation的意思是“退化”，故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据“The area of wetlands in China has become larger over the past five years,growing by 202,600 hectares and making a great contribution to water quality and environmental protection…and nearly half of the country’s wetlands are protected by some level of government.”可知，本段列出的各种数据是为了说明中国在湿地保护方面取得的成绩，故选D。
9．最佳标题题。本文向我们介绍了世界湿地日的有关信息，主要介绍中国在湿地保护方面取得的成绩，告诉人们湿地在人们生活中的作用。选项D“中国湿地保护取得新进展”符合主题，故选D。

Passage 3
10．C 11．A 12．C 13．B
【分析】
本文主要讲述中国越来越多的儿童过于肥胖，介绍了儿童过于肥胖会带来的疾病，过于肥胖的原因以及解决的办法。
10．细节理解题。根据“overweight children are more likely to develop diseases like diabetes ata younger age”可知，过于肥胖的儿童更容易患上疾病。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据“Kids are putting on weight because of changes in their diet and lifestyle, according to experts.”可知，据专家介绍，孩子们长胖是因为饮食和生活方式的改变，即B选项；根据“Too much schoolwork and greater use of electronic devices could also be a cause.”可知，过多的课业和更多地使用电子设备也可能是长胖的一个原因，即C选项和D选项；所以A选项不是专家的观点。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据“School students should have at least three hours of active physical activity each week.”可知，学生每周至少应有三小时的积极体育活动。故选C。
13．主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文主要讲述中国越来越多的儿童过于肥胖，介绍了儿童过于肥胖会带来的疾病，过于肥胖的原因以及解决的办法，主要是为了呼吁人们重视儿童过于肥胖的问题，B选项符合。故选B。

Passage 4
19．B 20．D 21．A 22．C
【分析】
本文主要讲述了为了满足人民群众对高标准产品的需求，需要把农业转向技术，文中列举了袁隆平团队在新疆和黑龙江等盐碱地种植水稻以及云南农民自动化完成所有的工作，更加验证了科学技术在未来将发挥更重要的作用。
19．细节理解题。根据“Digital technology at the apple storage helps to group apples, which can keep the stability(稳定性) in the quality”可知，是科技让这种苹果更甜，汁更多，故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“as the country is meeting people’s increasing need for high standard products”可知，人们现在需要更多的优质农产品，故选D。
21．推理判断题。根据“If China could put 6.67 million hectares of saline－alkali soil into rice production, it would be very likely to increase by around 30million tons, a huge contribution to the country”可知，袁隆平带领团队成功在盐碱地种植水稻是对国家的一个巨大贡献，A选项表述正确，故选A。
22．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了在科学和科技的帮助下，农业进入了高质量发展阶段，故选C。