15：中考英语报刊时文 + 中考题型精选精炼（阅读理解议论文）（全国通用）
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| 名称 | 15：中考英语报刊时文 + 中考题型精选精炼（阅读理解议论文）（全国通用） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-20 16:25:51 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
第15讲：
中考报刊时文
+
中考题型
精选（
阅读理解议论文
）
)
(
时文简报
模精选
)
题源: China Daily
神舟十三号机组人员返回地球
Crew members of the Shenzhou XIII mission return to Earth
After orbiting Earth for six months, the three crew members of China's Shenzhou XIII mission departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation's longest manned spaceflight.Wang Yaping flied the mission as the first female astronaut to enter China's space station.
在绕地球运行6个月后，中国神舟十三号任务的三名宇航员离开了天宫空间站，并于周六上午返回了母行星，完成了任务美国最长的载人航天飞行。王亚萍作为第一位女宇航员升空进入中国空间站的任务。
重点词汇
1.orbit 轨道
2.crew 全体工作人员
3.manned spaceflight 载人航天飞行
4.mission 任务，使命
(
中考
时文阅读
)
中考时文阅读-太空时代
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fifty years ago, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, and started ______(1) new chapter in space exploration. ______(2)(mark) its 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country’s Mars planetary exploration program on April 24.The mission, Tianwen got its name from a long poem Tianwen ______(3)(write) by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions ______(4)(concern) the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts on traditional ideas ______(5) his pursuit (追求) of truth. So far, China ______(6)(make) remarkable progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made Earth satellite, becoming the fifth country in the world to launch man-made satellites ______(7)(independent). Over the past few years, China’s missions, including the Shenzhou and Change series were designed to explore outer space, expanded ______(8)(mankind) understanding of Earth and the universe.This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, ______(9) represents a milestone for Chinas move toward deep space. ______(10) the names deep roots in Chinese traditional culture, Tianwen demonstrates the determination and perseverance of Chinese people to move further into deep space.
参考答案：
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国太空探索方面的历史发展以及成功发射“天问”系列的意义。
1．考查冠词。句意：50年前，中国成功发射了第一颗卫星“东方红1号”，开启了太空探索的新篇章。分析句子可知，句中泛指一个新篇章，故空格处应用不定冠词，“new”单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了纪念其50周年，中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了该国火星行星探测计划的名称。根据句意可知，句中“为了纪念其50周年”是“宣布火星行星探测计划的名称”的目的，故应用不定式作目的状语，“mark”意为“纪念”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，句首单词首字母大写。故填To mark。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：“天问”的名字来源于战国时期著名诗人屈原的一首长诗《天问》。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“got”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“Tianwen”与“write”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“write”的过去分词“written”，作后置定语。故填written。
4．考查介词。句意：在这首诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。根据句意可知，屈原提出的问题是“关于”天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的，故空格处应用“concerning”，意为“关于”，介词词性。故填concerning。
5．考查连词。句意：在这首诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。根据句意可知，句中“his doubts on traditional ideas”和“his pursuit (追求) of truth”之间为并列关系，故应用连词“and”，表示并列。故填and。
6．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，中国在太空探索方面取得了显著的进展。根据句意和句中“So far”可知，句中应用现在完成时表示动作开始于过去并持续到现在，句子主语“China”与“has”连用，“make”的过去分词为“made”；或用现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并在将来可能仍然要继续下去，“make”的现在分词为“making”。故填has been making/has made。
7．考查副词。句意：1970年，中国发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。分析句子可知，句中“launch”意为“发射”，动词词性，应用副词修饰，“independent”意为“独立的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“independently”，意为“独立地”。故填independently。
8．考查名词所有格。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的任务，包括“神舟”和“嫦娥”系列，旨在探索外层空间，扩大了人类对地球和宇宙的理解。分析句子可知，“understanding”意为“理解”，名词词性，前面应用名词所有格修饰，“mankind” 意为“人类”，名词词性，名词所有格为“mankind’s”。故填mankind’s。
9．考查定语从句。句意：这一次，“天问”系列将执行第一次火星探测任务，这是中国探索外太空的一个里程碑。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“天问”系列将执行第一次火星探测任务这件事，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
10．考查with的复合结构。句意：“天问”的名字深深植根于中国传统文化，它展示了中国人向更深层空间迈进的决心和毅力。分析句子可知，句中涉及“with的复合结构”，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，在句中作状语，故空格处应用“with”，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。
语法填空----神州十三号
Five,four，three, two, one, blast off(发射升空)!At 00:23 on Oct 16, 2022,the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft 1.___________(rise) into the sky from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu. Three Chinese astronauts -- Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu -set off for the Tiangong space station.
The spacecraft(宇宙飞船)successfully docked(对接)with the space station core module Tianhe. The crew(机组人员)will stay in space for six months, 2.___________(carry) out the longest-ever space mission by Chinese astronauts.
Shenzhou XII is the 3.___________(four) spacecraft to visit the Tiangong station and the second manned ship to transport astronauts to the orbiting out post(轨道位置). Before it, Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft 4.___________(launch) on June 17, carrying three astronauts -Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo. They stayed in the space station 5.___________ three months and returned to Earth on Sept 17.
The Shenzhou XIII astronauts have a wide range of assignments(任务)，such as doing medical 6.___________(experiment) setting up robotic(机械的)arms and checking the devices(设备)inside the station.They have performed(执行)two space walks to work outside the station-one was on Nov. 7, with Wang becoming China's first female space walker, while the other was on Dec 26.
The mission is a valuable(有价值的)opportunity for China's science community(团体)7.___________ it allows the astronauts to carryout in-orbit experiments that take a lot of time and manual work,Pang Zhihao, a former analyst(分析师)at the China Academy of Space Technology, told China Daily.
The Shenzhou XIII mission has fueled(点燃) 8.___________(teenager) passion for space exploration as well. On Dec 9, the astronauts gave a science lecture to millions of students on Earth. They showed the kids a glimpse(一瞥)of their space life and did some fun science experiments. For example, Wang made a water ball to show that water in space 9._________ (be) different from that on Earth.It will not flow downward(向下)if you try to pour it into a cup.
Denis Simon, executive(执行的)director of the Center for Innovation Policy at Duke University in the US, told Xinhua that China's success in space continues to be impressive“China is now well on its way to being a leader in space 10.___________(explore)," he said.
1. rose 2. carrying 3. fourth 4. was launched 5. for 6. experiments
7. because 8. teenagers' 9. is 10. expiration
(
中考题型精选
精讲
) 阅读理解之议论文
一、议论文体阅读理解题的应对策略
解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
解题方法：
1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
二、解题技巧
历年全国中考英语阅读理解的题型无非基本都是考查主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断和细节理解四大题型。其中，命题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，又兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。细节理解题和推理判断题主要考查的是对原文具体细节的理解和把控能力，难度相对较小，广大考生除了平时必要的阅读量和词汇量的积累以外，掌握一定的解题技巧对解答阅读理解题来说也是至关重要的。具体说来：
1. 主旨大意型
干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。
干扰项 可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
干扰项 可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。
正确答案 根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有：
1. What is the main / general idea of this text
2. What is mainly discussed in this passage
3. What is the text mainly about
4. This text mainly tells us _________.
5. This passage mainly deals with _________.
6. The main idea of this passage may be bestexpressed as_________.
7. The topic of this passage is _________.
标题选择题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：
1. What would be the best title for the text
2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text
3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be __________.
不管是选择＂主题＂还是选择＂标题＂，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，都是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项的内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。
2. 事实细节型
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某些细节或重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语意理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要考生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。
做此类题时可以使用定位法与跳读法。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而选出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行简单分析、推理等，从而找出正确答案。
(1)解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节的问题常有以下几种命题方式：
①Which of the following statements is true
②Which of the following is not mentioned in the text
③The author (or the passage) states that __________.
④According to the passage, when (where, why, how,who, what, which, etc.) __________
(2)干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的。
阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：
①包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。
②正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。
③委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely,only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。
④同形项原则
命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。
⑤常识项原则
议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。
⑥因果项原则
阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。
解题方法：原文定位法。
查读法：(1)带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。
(2)细心!
3. 词义猜测型
阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语、句子意义的题目，近几年高考阅读中词义猜测题的考查方法呈多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测词义将会越来越多。有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，后文接着会出现其定义、解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。还可以根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。当然了，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握以下做题技巧。
(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2)根据文中的定义、事例、解释猜生词。用事例或解释猜生词；用重复解释的信息猜生词。
(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。
(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断。根据上下句的连接词如but，however，otherwise等可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
(5)根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据同位关系进行判断。阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释。
(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。分号还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；破折号表示解释说明。
常见的问题形式有：
(1)The word ＂…＂ in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase ＂…＂ suggests…
(3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence ＂…＂ is/refers to /means…
(4)The word ＂…＂ is closest in meaning to …
常用应对方法：
同义法：常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测词义。
反义法：如hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，互为反义的词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
释义法：对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语，甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
此外，还有情景推断法、代词替代法等。
做题要领
(1)从文中找线索或信息词；
(2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新词的意思；
(3)根据上下文判断新词在特定句中的确切意思。
(4)要特别注意熟词新意！
4. 推理判断型
做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。常见的命题方式有：
(1)The passage implies (暗示) that _________.
(2)We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that _________.
(3)Which of the following can be inferred (推论)
(4)What is the tone (语气) of the author
(5)What is the purpose (目的) of this passage
(6)The passage is intended to _________.
(7)Where would this passage most probably appear
典例剖析
（2021·湖南长沙·中考真题）
典例剖析
In some parents’ eyes,school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy person,what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.
Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize (抓住) every chance to learn and finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section (部分) of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, whether-you are good or bad at school, don’t take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of your talents (天赋). That’s how you can live a happy and successful life.
1．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing Paragraph (段落) One
A．To introduce a topic. B．To give examples. C．To provide a solution.
2．In some parents’ eyes, what’s the most important for their kids basedon Paragraph Two
A．Being happy. B．Staying healthy. C．Getting good grades.
3．What does the underlined expression “big shots” in the thirdparagraph mean
A．好学生 B．神枪手 C．大人物
4．According to the passage, which sentence may agree with the writer’s idea
A．It takes money to be successful.
B．School grades aren’t everything.
C．Successful people never finish school.
5．What can we infer (推断) from the text
A．Old habits die hard. B．Learning is a lifelong journey. C．Good grades always promise asuccessful life.
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。在学校学习成绩好可以和未来的成功划等号吗？其实学校中的常胜将军可能并非人生赢家，反之亦然。
1．推理判断题。根据“In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that ”可知作者写第一段是为了引出学习成绩好并不能和未来的成功划等号这一话题。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids.”可知在一些家长的眼里，学习成绩对孩子们来说才是最重要的。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据“who are successful in life without finishing school”可知此处指的是没上学就取得成功的大人物，big shots意为“大人物”。故选C。
4．观点态度题。根据“That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.”可知想要拥有美好生活，只成绩好是不够的，由此可知“学校成绩并不代表一切。”这一句符合作者的观点。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据“If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life.”可知即使完成学业了也要继续学习，学习是一个终生旅程。故选B。
实战演练
Passage1
When everyone in China is wearing masks （口罩） to stop the COVID-19（新冠肺炎）, many people in Western countries don’t seem to want to do the same. For example, an Italian officer was criticized（批评） by his workmates when he went to work with a mask. They said he made them nervous. But why do the East and West have different ideas about wearing masks Let’s take a look.
Western ideas about masks
In the West, people should wear masks only when they get sick, for example. People see masks as a tool （工具） to protect sick people and stop disease from spreading（传播）, so healthy people don’t need to wear them. But as the number of COVID-19 cases is growing around the world,people in the West are changing their ideas.
Mask culture in the East
In Asian countries like China and Japan, wearing masks is common. In 1910, Chinese doctor Wu Liande invented the modern medical mask. During the 2003 SARS epidemic（流行病疫）, people in China and East Asia also used masks to protect themselves.
In Japan, wearing masks shows your politeness （礼貌） when you get a cold or flu. Some Japanese also turn masks into fashion accessories（配饰）. They have different colors and patterns to choose to match their clothes. Some young women wear masks when they don’t have their makeup（化妆品） on.
Many pop stars in Asia also use masks to protect their privacy （隐私）. This cultural and historical background has made it easier for people in the East to wear masks when epidemics break out.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．What did the workmates think of the Italian officer
A．He was too worried to work. B．He made other people nervous.
C．He was unwilling to go to work.
2．In the past, people in the West wore masks when__________.
A．they were sick B．they were talking to doctors
C．they were shy or worried
3．Where was the modern medical mask invented
A．In the UK. B．In Japan. C．In China.
4．What is the story mainly about
A．Why masks are popular in Asian culture.
B．The importance of wearing masks during epidemics.
C．Masks mean different things in different cultures.
Passage 2
In order to push students to study at home as efficiently as they do in the classroom, one school in Shijiazhuang has demanded that students should attend their online courses in their school uniforms and that teachers should also, at the same time, give their lessons while wearing formal clothing. As soon as this regulation was released, it caused a heated debate.
In my opinion, whether to launch this regulation or not has arguments for and against it, depending upon one’s standpoint.
On the one hand, the practice of wearing appropriate clothing can help improve students’ sense of formality(仪式感) in their online classes, thereby making them more attentive. If all of the students were dressed in their pyjamas(睡衣) or clothes that would not be suitable for their classes at their schools, the quality of the lessons will perhaps decline as teenagers might easily become absent-minded and even feel sleepy. Therefore, the act of putting on one’s uniform while attending online classes can perhaps be quite effective as an aid and subconscious(潜意识的) reminder that they are students.
The other viewpoint is that students’ learning is their own business. Sooner or later they should be tasked with the responsibility of their own self-control. Therefore, taking online courses at home is the best opportunity for them to develop their ability of independent learning and good learning habits. The effect that online classes may have on students depends entirely on their own self-discipline(自律), so the argument about what kind of clothes they are dressed in shouldn't really be relevant.
To sum up, when we are studying from home on computers, it is both our sense of self-control and our sense of formality that can improve our studies. So it’s a matter of personal preference: You can wear a school uniform if it is of use to your own sense of learning and discipline, otherwise you shouldn't be required to show a fake or unwilling respect for your teachers and school by being forced to wear a uniform.
5．Why are students required to wear school uniforms while attending online classes at home
A．To show respect for teachers. B．To push students to study efficiently.
C．To ensure students’ learning progress. D．To show the formality of school.
6．Which of the following is the reason why people support wearing school uniforms
A．Students don’t have appropriate clothing besides pyjamas.
B．If students wear casual clothes in class, teachers can’t ensure the quality of lessons.
C．School uniforms can subconsciously remind students to study effectively.
D．Online classes will make students absent-minded and even feel sleepy.
7．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The importance of self-discipline.
B．The comparison between school uniforms and casual clothes.
C．The argument about what kind of clothes students should wear.
D．The reason why students don’t have to wear school uniforms at home.
8．What can we infer about the author from the passage
A．The author supports students to wear school uniforms while attending online courses.
B．The author thinks it unnecessary for students to wear school uniforms at home.
C．The author thinks it up to students whether to wear school uniforms at home.
D．The author insists on forcing students to wear uniforms.
基础练
Passage 1
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C
【分析】
本文介绍了东西方对于戴口罩的看法。
1．细节理解题。根据“For example, an Italian officer was criticized（批评） by his workmates when he went to work with a mask. They said he made them nervous.”可知意大利的官员认为戴口罩的行为让其他人恐慌。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“In the West, people should wear masks only when they get sick...”可知在西方人生病了才戴口罩。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“In 1910, Chinese doctor Wu Liande invented the modern medical mask.”可知现代医用口罩是中国发明的。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据“ But why do the East and West have different ideas about wearing masks Let’s take a look.”可知本文主要介绍了东西方对于口罩的不同看法。故选C。
Passage 2
5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C
【分析】
本文主要讲述了石家庄的一所学校发布的一则校规，就是在家上网课时要求学生穿校服，老师穿正装。引发了争议。
5．细节理解题。根据“In order to push students to study at home as efficiently as they do in the classroom...students should attend their online courses in their school uniforms...”可知是为了让学生在家上课也像在学校一样有效率，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“Therefore, the act of putting on one’s uniform while attending online classes can perhaps be quite effective as an aid and subconscious(潜意识的)reminder that they are students.”可知校服可以潜意识的提醒学生有效的学习。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据“The other viewpoint is that students’ learning is their own business.Sooner or later they should be tasked with the responsibility of their own self-control.”可知第四段主要讲的是学生在家不用穿校服的原因。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据“ You can wear a school uniform if it is of use to your own sense of learning and discipline...by being forced to wear a uniform.”可知，如果校服对你的学习意识和纪律有帮助，你可以穿校服，否则你不应该被迫穿校服来假装或不情愿地表示对老师和学校的尊重。因此推断作者并没有单独否定一方理论。而都是认可，只是有条件的认可，故选C。
提升练
Passage1 （2021·安徽砀山·三模）
The development of artificial intelligence(AI，人工智能) is a hot topic these days. AI makes it possible for machines to learn from experience and perform human-like tasks. But what is the future of AI Will it be a good thing We asked students what they thought.
I think AI will be more useful in our future lives. It’s now used in many fields like phones and medicine. No one really knows what will happen if machines become smarter than humans. However, I’m sure AI will help us solve problems. Tina
I am worried that people will create something that can be better than themselves. In the near future, AI will develop at a high speed. Humans may be replaced because AI robots will do lots of human jobs. Bill
I really think that AI will change the way we work, the way we live, and the way we think. Imagine if we could. put a CPU(中央处理器) into our brains! Soon we’ll be able to improve our math and memory. How exciting! Mary
Think of what’s happening right now. Some robots are used to kill animals under human orders. So I think AI will be very dangerous for humans. We need to be careful about what we ask machines to do. John
1．Tina thinks that AI will be ________.
A．exciting B．dangerous C．helpful D．surprising
2．Who believes AI will change the way we work, the way we live and the way we think
A．Bill. B．Mary. C．Tina. D．John.
3．Where does the text probably come from
A．A business magazine. B．A travel guide.
C．A geography magazine. D．A science magazine.
Passage2 （2021·四川江油·二模）
These days, teenagers are heavily influenced by the media. Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That’s more time than they spend with teachers at school. And we haven’t yet considered the hours they spend using the Internet and reading newspapers.
However, several studies have shown a serious problem: today’s teenagers lack media literacy（媒体素养）. In other words, they have difficulty critically thinking about the information they see. One study that was done on middle school students showed that more than 80 percent of them couldn’t tell the difference real stories and ads that looked like news
Stanford professor Kevin John teaches a class called Media Effects. He tries to help his students learn media literacy. The professor gives an example that shows why media literacy is important. In the example, two news stations report a snowstorm.One focuses on（关注）the terrible road conditions. The other focuses on kids playing in the snow. “With a news story, news stations tell you what they feel are the important details（细节）. These details mostly depend on the opinions of the news director,” said John, “A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one side at this time. There is more going on.”
Some experts think the school is the best place to teach media literacy. Others believe everyone—from parents to reporters—should help teenagers learn the skills.
As for the best time to start learning media literacy, many experts suggest the age of 12. But some basic ideas can be taught even earlier. “It’s never too early to start learning media literacy.”
4．From the first paragraph, we can learn that teenagers today spend more time ________.
A．using the Internet than watching TV.
B．watching TV than using the Internet.
C．studying at school than reading newspapers.
D．watching TV than studying at school.
5．The underlined word “lack” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________ in Chinese.
A．缺乏 B．质疑 C．误解 D．支持
6．The example in Paragraph 3 shows that a person who has media literacy ________ about a news story.
A．should have the same opinions as others.
B．could think about its good and bad sides.
C．must know about all the important details.
D．could know which side is more important.
7．Professor Kevin John would agree that ________.
A．everyone is supposed to help children learn different skills.
B．teenagers should spend less time watching TV.
C．news directors should report the news children are interested in.
D．children should be taught media literacy as early as possible.
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．How to develop teenagers’ media literacy.
B．Where teenagers should be taught media literacy.
C．Why teenagers are supposed to have media literacy.
D．When teenagers should learn media literacy.
Passage3 （2021·浙江海曙·二模）
Most of your textbooks are single-use. After graduating, old textbooks are thrown away, which is a big waste of money and paper.
Many countries already reuse their textbooks. In the US, book companies will come to schools and buy used books. They then resell them to new students the following year at a lower price. A high school textbook in the US can have up to eight owners before it is no longer in a good enough condition to be used, according to Xinhua. The book can then be recycled.
In China, according to the National Press and Publication Administration, students across the country buy 2.8 billion new textbooks every year. If the students of the following year could reuse these textbooks, it would save over 20 billion yuan each year.That’s enough money to build 40,000 primary schools, China Daily noted.
Primary and junior high school students in several Chinese cities are reusing music, arts, science and IT textbooks. That’s because students don’t have to take down many notes in their textbooks for these subjects, which makes them suitable for reusing.
However, these books only account for a tiny part of the total number of textbooks. As there is no good way for redistributing (再分配) second-hand textbooks, most textbooks still end up as waste, the Paper reported.
Changes in curricula (课程) also make it hard to reuse textbooks. “I’m among the first group of students to take classes after the recent curricular reform (改革), so I have to buy new textbooks that previous (之前的) students didn’t use,” Sun Run,a high school student from Hangzhou.
Though China has met difficulties on the way to reusing textbooks, the government need to do something to push the second-hand textbook business in the schools. We should go ahead with the project for the future development.
9．How do book companies in the US help students reuse textbooks
A．They make new books. B．They repair used books.
C．They carry them to rubbish station. D．They buy used books and then sell them.
10．How does the writer show the importance of reusing textbooks in Para. 3
A．By using numbers. B．By giving examples.
C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories.
11．What do the underlined words in Para. 5 refer to
A．All the reused textbooks. B．All the new textbooks.
C．The second-hand textbooks. D．Music, arts, science and IT textbooks.
12．What can we infer (推测) from the above passage
A．China did better in reusing old textbooks than the US.
B．Throwing old textbooks is a waste of money and paper.
C．It seems that China makes a little progress in reusing old textbooks.
D．Sun Run has already reused the textbooks because of the recent curricula.
Passage4 （2020·陕西·西安市铁一中学二模）
Many kids do house work such as doing the dishes, making the bed and folding the clothes. In exchange,they get some money or other computer time.
Paying kids for housework is one of the most popular topics, especially at a time when every one is more careful about money. Some parents think since adults are paid to do their jobs, we should pay kids for everyday housework.
But some people don’t think kids should get rewards(报酬) for doing housework. Walton, an expert, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return. “Running any kind of housework is a team effort.”
Walton said, “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and families decide how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like what they want.”
Other people believe that getting a reward encourages kids to do housework, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to get money. There are also—apps(程序) that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed(兑现) either online or in the real world. “Our goal is to give kids lawful power so they can get rewards,” says Berman. “and kids need rewards to help encourage them.”
13．What is Walton’s idea in the passage
A．Running exercise is a kind of teamwork. B．People work to get rewards
C．Kids have responsibilities in the house. D．Doing housework is only the parents’ job
14．The underlined phrase “in return” in Paragraph 3 has the same meaning as “________”.
A．as a reward B．for punishment C．on sale D．under control
15．According to Berman, kids should be encouraged to ________.
A．do housework without rewards B．do more housework
C．stay away from housework D．do housework by getting rewards
16．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Doing Housework Is Popular B．Should Kids Be Rewarded for Doing Housework
C．Let Kids Do Some Housework D．Kids Should Study As Well As Doing Housework
Passage 1
1．C 2．B 3．D
【分析】
这篇短文主要介绍了人工智能的发展，及其人工智能的未来是什么样的和四个学生的一些想法。
1．细节理解题。根据文中“I think AI will be more useful in our future lives.”可知，Tina相信人工智能在我们未来的生活中会更有用。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“I really think that AI will change the way we work, the way we live, and the way we think.”可知，Mary认为人工智能能够改变我们的工作方式、生活方式和思维方式。故选B。
3．推理判断题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了人工智能的发展，及四个学生的观点，应该从一本科技杂志中看到。故选D。
Passage 2
4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述青少年受到媒体的严重影响，缺乏媒体素养，很难正确判断他们所看到的信息。斯坦福教授Kevin John有开设相关课程，有的专家也认为学校是培养媒体素养最好的地方，并且培养媒体素养越早越好。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That'smore time than they spend with teachers at school.”可知与在学校的时间相比，现在的青少年花更多的时间在看电视上。故选D。
5．词义猜测题。根据第二段“ In other words, they have difficulty critically thinkingabout the information they see.”可知他们对于他们看到的信息缺乏批判性思考，所以此处的lack的意思是“缺乏”。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“A person who has media literacy would realize that eachstory is about one side at this time. There is more going on.”可知举例是为了表明有媒体素养的人对于每个故事会考虑到好的和不好的一面。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s never too early to start learning media literacy.”可知KevinJohn教授可能会同意越早教孩子媒体素养越好。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“ However, several studies have shown a serious problem:today’s teenagers lack media literacy.”可知如今青少年缺少媒体素养，结合文章整个语境，主要讲述的是让青少年学习媒体素养的必要性。故选C。
Passage 3
9．D 10．A 11．D 12．C
【分析】
本文介绍了中国在旧教科书再利用方面遇到的问题和实行此举措的好处。
9．细节理解题。根据“In the US, book companies will come to schools and buy used books. They then resell them to new students the following year at a lower price.”可知，美国的图书公司向学生们收售旧教科书来帮助学生们对旧教科书再利用。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据“students across the country buy 2.8 billion new textbooks every year…it would save over 20 billion yuan each year. That’s enough money to build 40,000primary schools”可知，文章第三段通过使用数字来说明旧教科书再使用的重要性。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据“…are reusing music, arts, science and IT textbooks…However, these books only account for a tiny part of the total number of textbooks.”可知，此处指上一段中提到的可以重复使用的音乐、美术、科学和信息技术教科书。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据“Primary and junior high school students in several Chinese cities are reusing music, arts, science and IT textbooks.”可知，中国几个城市的中小学生正在重复使用音乐、艺术、科学和信息技术教科书，这表明中国在重新利用旧教科书方面取得了一些进展。故选C。
Passage 4
13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B
【分析】
短文讲述了许多孩子做家务，例如洗碗、整理床铺和叠衣服作为交换，他们得到一些钱或其他电脑时间。人们对做家务要不要给孩子们奖励有不同的看法。
13．细节理解题。根据“It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and families decide how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like what they want”可知，他的观点是孩子们在家里也有相应的责任，故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据“parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return”可知，父母在传递一种信息，这个信息就是如果得不到回报，那么一项工作就不值得去做，in return与as a reward同义，故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据“Our goal is to give kids lawful power so they can get rewards,” says Berman. “and kids need rewards to help encourage them”可知，Berman觉得孩子们应该被鼓励得到奖励来做家务，故选D。
16．最佳标题。根据“Some parents think since adults are paid to do their jobs, we should pay kids for everyday housework”可知，一些家长认为，既然成年人做他们的工作是有报酬的，我们就应该付钱给孩子做日常家务。短文分别介绍了两种观点，因此最适合本文的标题是“孩子做家务应该得到奖励吗”，故选B。
真题练
Passage1 （2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）
It’s long been a scientific dream: to give people a special vaccine before birth to prevent them from getting terrible illnesses. Gene editing (基因编辑) is one way in which we could do this. But this method has also created some discussion.
In an online video posted on Nov. 26, 2018, He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.
The babies are twin girls who were born in November. Their father had HIV. The twins’ genes were edited in order to prevent them from suffering from the HIV virus.
He said he chose to do this because HIV is widespread in China. “I feel such a strong duty not only tobe the first to do this, but also to set an example,” he told AP.
But his actions caused many questions. Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical to use it on humans.
Some believe that gene editing could be useful to HIV patients. HIV is “a large and growing public health problem”, according to Harvard Medical School genetic professor George Church. Using gene editing for HIV is “a good idea”, Church told AP.
However, others think that gene editing is still in its experimental periods and could result in terrible changes. “It could cause genetic problems later in life, including the development of cancer,” Julian Savulescu from the University of Oxford told BBC News.
Others fear that people might use gene editing technology to make “designer (设计的) babies”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye colour to their IQ.
“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater unfairness than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics told BBC News.
1．What do we know about He Jiankui
A．He was the first person to edit genes.
B．He made the twins suffer from HIV when he edited their genes.
C．He made the world’s first genetically edited babies.
D．He was the first person whose genes were edited.
2．Who agreed that gene editing could be helpful to HIV patients
A．George Church. B．Julian Savulescu.
C．Marcy Darnovsky. D．Chinese researchers.
3．The underlined word “ethical” in the passage probably means“________”.
A．合乎常情的 B．道德的 C．有价值的 D．有效的
4．According to the story, we know that gene editing ________.
A．is supported by the writer B．is good for wealthy people
C．causes some heated argument D．has been used widely in the UK
5．What does “designer babies” mean in the passage
A．Parents can change their baby’s eye colour.
B．Parents are able to choose their baby’s height.
C．Parents can give their baby everything that he or she likes.
D．Parents have a chance to prevent their baby from suffering from the virus.
Passage 2（2021·江苏泰州·中考真题）
Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to make friends with foreigners. As a Canadian living in China for a year,I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on thismatter.
One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry. In thewriter’s opinion, foreigners are an "opportunity (机会)" to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her. If the foreigner doesn’t want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also may harm the relationship between Chinese and foreigners in China.
Like most other"Lao Wai" living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living in a culture different from our own familiar (熟悉的) ways. However, I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the fastest developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.
However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an "opportunity" To improve their oral English. I have had people following me from town to my flat to trouble me to teach them English. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me non-stop questions for half an hour at the weekly English Corner ...
Friendship for a lot of foreigners is about spending time with someone whose company (陪伴) they really enjoy. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities.Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush.________ If your only reason for becoming fiends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long.
6．Where is the writer of this passage from
A．America B．China C．Canada D．England
7．Why is the writer of the passage interested in the book "How to make friends with foreigners"
A．Because he wants to have some more close Chinese Friends.
B．Because he has greatly improved his Chinese language skills,
C．Because no Chinese people would like to make friends with him.
D．Because he wants to know about the Chinese writer’s advice on this topic.
8．According to the writer of the book "How to make friends with foreigners" , ________.
A．his advice may make foreigners angry
B．it is rude of you to ask a foreigner questions
C．you should choose a good foreigner to practise English with
D．don’t waste time on a foreigner who doesn’t answer your questions
9．In the fourth paragraph, the writer uses "I have had…"three times, because ________.
A．he had no better sentences to express his ideas.
B．he wanted to show how he hated to make friends with Chinese.
C．he wanted to show how he hated to be treated as an “opportunity”.
D．he met Chinese who wanted to make friends with him only three times.
10．Which sentence may be the best to fill in the "________" In the last paragraph
A．True friendships stand (经得起) the test of time.
B．Learn about different cultures to make real friends.
C．Friends are about opportunities or personal advantages.
D．There’s real friendship between people from different countries.
Passage 3 （2021·湖北荆门·中考真题）
TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a mobile app allowing users to create, share and watch short videos. Developed by: ByteDance Users: 13+
Joe Thomas It seems very enjoyable. However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it.
Alice Brown I like the app because it allows me to share my daily life and make new friends. What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created. Now I have more than 10 million fans.
Adam Young There is no need for us to use this app. My friend Tom Smith spends most of his spare time on TikTok. I think he should spend time on more meaningful things, such as exercising or reading.
11．TikTok is suitable for users aged ________.
A．7 B．20 C．12 D．10
12．Joe Thomas thinks that you may ________ while watching TikTok.
A．spend too much time B．get bored easily
C．waste too much money D．learn some harmful information
13．TikTok has made ________ popular for his (her) videos.
A．Joe Thomas B．Tom Smith C．Adam Young D．Alice Brown
Passage4 （2021·山东滨州·中考真题）
“Life’s a long, long journey,” so we are told,and most of us would not set off on a journey, even a short one, without some ideas of where we wanted to go. Yet many people travel on life’s journey with no sense of direction at all.
Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction. Goal setting is used by top sports players, successful business people and achievers in all fields. Before you set personal goals, think about what you want to achieve with your life.
Try to set goals in some of the following categories (类别):
Education—Will you achieve the educational goals after finishing high school Are you still growing and learning
Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members
Creative—Do you want to achieve any artistic goals
Career—What job do you want to take when you grow up What do you need to make your dream come true
Public Service—Do you want to make the world a better place
Physical—Are you fit enough to do the things you want to do
Pleasure—How do you want to enjoy yourself
To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks. For example, if you want to reach a main goal in five years, set a three-year goal, a one-year goal, a three-month goal and a one-month goal. Then create a daily To-Do List of things that you should do today. When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.
Remember, your goals can be changed as time goes on. But be sure your goals are the things you hopeto achieve, not what your parents, family or teachers want.
14．According to the passage, why should we set goals
A．To have a better future. B．To enjoy pleasure in life.
C．To know where to have a journey. D．To give our life a sense of direction.
15．What should you consider when you set a family goal
A．The education you want to get. B．The job to support your family.
C．The time you’ll spend reaching your goal. D．The relationship with family members.
16．What’s the best advice to achieve the main goal
A．Dividing your goals into smaller tasks. B．Creating a daily To-Do List of things.
C．Building the self-confidence. D．Setting the time to achieve the main goal.
17．What can we learn from the passage
A．Once you set your goals, they can’t be changed.
B．Not all the people can get success by setting goals.
C．Enjoying success in one goal can help you do better in the next one.
D．Your goals are the things you and your parents, families or teachers want.
18．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．A long journey. B．Goal setting for life. C．The direction of life. D．Ways to achieve goals.
Passage 5 （2021·北京·中考真题）
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider,for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture. However,culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language.
19．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
20．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
21．The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
22．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
Passage 1
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B
【分析】
本文讲述了通过基因编辑可以决定从眼睛颜色到智力的一切东西。南方科技大学的研究员贺建奎制造了世界上第一批基因编辑婴儿，目前这项技术的合理性引起了强烈的争论。
1．细节理解题。根据“In an online video posted on Nov. 26, 2018, He Jiankui, a researcher atthe Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.”可知，在2018年11月26日发布的一段网络视频中，南方科技大学研究员贺建奎表示，他帮助制造了世界上第一批基因编辑婴儿。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Using gene editing for HIV is ‘a good idea’, Church told AP.”可知，George Church同意基因编辑对艾滋病患者有帮助，故选A。
3．词义猜测题。分析“Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical to use it on humans.”可知，虽然基因编辑可能有助于预防疾病，但许多人都想知道，在人类身上使用基因编辑是否安全和道德。所以ethical的意思是“道德的”，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“But this method has also created some discussion.”以及后文人们对于基因编辑的不同看法可知，根据这篇报道，我们知道基因编辑引发了一些激烈的争论。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据“Others fear that people might use gene editing technology to make“designer (设计的) babies”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye colour to their IQ.”可知，其他人则担心人们可能会使用基因编辑技术制造“设计婴儿”，这将使父母有能力选择一切，从孩子的眼睛颜色到智商。故选B。
Passage 2
6．C 7．D 8．C 9．C 10．A
【分析】
本文讲述了一位在中国生活的加拿大人谈论如何与外国人建立和保持友谊，他认为要把外国人当作人，而不是机会，才能一步一步地建立友谊。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a Canadian living in China for a year…”可知，作者来自加拿大，故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter”可知，作者对这本书很感兴趣，是因为他想知道一位中国作家在这个问题上给出了什么样的建议，故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“ In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an‘opportunity’ to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner,American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her.”可知，书的作者认为外国人是提高你英语口语的“机会”，每当你见到外国人，你应该和他或她练习说英语，故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry.”以及第四段“However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an ‘opportunity’ to improve their oral English.”可知，这里作者用了三次“I have had…”，因为他想表明他是多么讨厌被当作“机会”来对待，故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush.”可知，这里作者想告诉我们要一步一步地建立友谊，在一段时间内，不要匆忙，真正的友谊经得起时间的考验的，故选A。
Passage 3
11．B 12．A 13．D
【分析】
本文介绍了三个人对抖音这个应用程序的看法。
11．细节理解题。根据“Users: 13+”可知，适合13岁以上年龄的用户，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it”可知，他认为在看抖音时会花费许多时间，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据“ What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created”可知，抖音让Alice因她的视频而变得受欢迎，故选D。
Passage 4
14．D 15．D 16．A 17．C 18．B
【分析】
生活是一段漫长的旅程，设定目标可以给我们的生活一个方向感。首先你要知道自己人生的目标是什么，如何设定自己的人生目标，这篇短文中作者提出了一些建议。
14．细节理解题。根据“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，设定个人目标可以给我们的人生方向感。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据“Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members ”可知，在设定家庭目标的时候，你首先要想清楚你想与父母和其他家庭成员保持什么样的关系。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据“To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks.”可知，为了完成一个主要的目标，你应该把它分成几个小目标。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据“When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.”可知，当一个目标实现了，享受你的成功，这会帮助你建立自信，这样可以帮助你在下一个目标中做得更好。故选C。
18．标题归纳题。根据文意以及短文中“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，文章中作者首先提到“设定个人目标能给生活方向感”，然后下文介绍了如何设定人生目标。B选项“设定人生目标”符合文章主旨，作为标题最合适。故选B。
Passage 5
19．D 20．C 21．B 22．C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
19．段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争)against human nature.”和“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures”可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.”可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
21．词义猜测题。分析“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.”可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处transmission的意思是“传播”，故选B。
22．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).”可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。
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第15讲：
中考报刊时文
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中考题型
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时文简报
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题源: China Daily
神舟十三号机组人员返回地球
Crew members of the Shenzhou XIII mission return to Earth
After orbiting Earth for six months, the three crew members of China's Shenzhou XIII mission departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation's longest manned spaceflight.Wang Yaping flied the mission as the first female astronaut to enter China's space station.
在绕地球运行6个月后，中国神舟十三号任务的三名宇航员离开了天宫空间站，并于周六上午返回了母行星，完成了任务美国最长的载人航天飞行。王亚萍作为第一位女宇航员升空进入中国空间站的任务。
重点词汇
1.orbit 轨道
2.crew 全体工作人员
3.manned spaceflight 载人航天飞行
4.mission 任务，使命
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中考
时文阅读
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中考时文阅读-太空时代
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fifty years ago, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, and started ______(1) new chapter in space exploration. ______(2)(mark) its 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country’s Mars planetary exploration program on April 24.The mission, Tianwen got its name from a long poem Tianwen ______(3)(write) by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions ______(4)(concern) the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts on traditional ideas ______(5) his pursuit (追求) of truth. So far, China ______(6)(make) remarkable progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made Earth satellite, becoming the fifth country in the world to launch man-made satellites ______(7)(independent). Over the past few years, China’s missions, including the Shenzhou and Change series were designed to explore outer space, expanded ______(8)(mankind) understanding of Earth and the universe.This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission, ______(9) represents a milestone for Chinas move toward deep space. ______(10) the names deep roots in Chinese traditional culture, Tianwen demonstrates the determination and perseverance of Chinese people to move further into deep space.
参考答案：
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国太空探索方面的历史发展以及成功发射“天问”系列的意义。
1．考查冠词。句意：50年前，中国成功发射了第一颗卫星“东方红1号”，开启了太空探索的新篇章。分析句子可知，句中泛指一个新篇章，故空格处应用不定冠词，“new”单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了纪念其50周年，中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了该国火星行星探测计划的名称。根据句意可知，句中“为了纪念其50周年”是“宣布火星行星探测计划的名称”的目的，故应用不定式作目的状语，“mark”意为“纪念”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，句首单词首字母大写。故填To mark。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：“天问”的名字来源于战国时期著名诗人屈原的一首长诗《天问》。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“got”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“Tianwen”与“write”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“write”的过去分词“written”，作后置定语。故填written。
4．考查介词。句意：在这首诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。根据句意可知，屈原提出的问题是“关于”天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的，故空格处应用“concerning”，意为“关于”，介词词性。故填concerning。
5．考查连词。句意：在这首诗中，屈原提出了一系列关于天空、星星、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。根据句意可知，句中“his doubts on traditional ideas”和“his pursuit (追求) of truth”之间为并列关系，故应用连词“and”，表示并列。故填and。
6．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，中国在太空探索方面取得了显著的进展。根据句意和句中“So far”可知，句中应用现在完成时表示动作开始于过去并持续到现在，句子主语“China”与“has”连用，“make”的过去分词为“made”；或用现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并在将来可能仍然要继续下去，“make”的现在分词为“making”。故填has been making/has made。
7．考查副词。句意：1970年，中国发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。分析句子可知，句中“launch”意为“发射”，动词词性，应用副词修饰，“independent”意为“独立的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“independently”，意为“独立地”。故填independently。
8．考查名词所有格。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的任务，包括“神舟”和“嫦娥”系列，旨在探索外层空间，扩大了人类对地球和宇宙的理解。分析句子可知，“understanding”意为“理解”，名词词性，前面应用名词所有格修饰，“mankind” 意为“人类”，名词词性，名词所有格为“mankind’s”。故填mankind’s。
9．考查定语从句。句意：这一次，“天问”系列将执行第一次火星探测任务，这是中国探索外太空的一个里程碑。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“天问”系列将执行第一次火星探测任务这件事，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
10．考查with的复合结构。句意：“天问”的名字深深植根于中国传统文化，它展示了中国人向更深层空间迈进的决心和毅力。分析句子可知，句中涉及“with的复合结构”，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，在句中作状语，故空格处应用“with”，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。
语法填空----神州十三号
Five,four，three, two, one, blast off(发射升空)!At 00:23 on Oct 16, 2022,the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft 1.___________(rise) into the sky from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu. Three Chinese astronauts -- Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu -set off for the Tiangong space station.
The spacecraft(宇宙飞船)successfully docked(对接)with the space station core module Tianhe. The crew(机组人员)will stay in space for six months, 2.___________(carry) out the longest-ever space mission by Chinese astronauts.
Shenzhou XII is the 3.___________(four) spacecraft to visit the Tiangong station and the second manned ship to transport astronauts to the orbiting out post(轨道位置). Before it, Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft 4.___________(launch) on June 17, carrying three astronauts -Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo. They stayed in the space station 5.___________ three months and returned to Earth on Sept 17.
The Shenzhou XIII astronauts have a wide range of assignments(任务)，such as doing medical 6.___________(experiment) setting up robotic(机械的)arms and checking the devices(设备)inside the station.They have performed(执行)two space walks to work outside the station-one was on Nov. 7, with Wang becoming China's first female space walker, while the other was on Dec 26.
The mission is a valuable(有价值的)opportunity for China's science community(团体)7.___________ it allows the astronauts to carryout in-orbit experiments that take a lot of time and manual work,Pang Zhihao, a former analyst(分析师)at the China Academy of Space Technology, told China Daily.
The Shenzhou XIII mission has fueled(点燃) 8.___________(teenager) passion for space exploration as well. On Dec 9, the astronauts gave a science lecture to millions of students on Earth. They showed the kids a glimpse(一瞥)of their space life and did some fun science experiments. For example, Wang made a water ball to show that water in space 9._________ (be) different from that on Earth.It will not flow downward(向下)if you try to pour it into a cup.
Denis Simon, executive(执行的)director of the Center for Innovation Policy at Duke University in the US, told Xinhua that China's success in space continues to be impressive“China is now well on its way to being a leader in space 10.___________(explore)," he said.
1. rose 2. carrying 3. fourth 4. was launched 5. for 6. experiments
7. because 8. teenagers' 9. is 10. expiration
(
中考题型精选
精讲
) 阅读理解之议论文
一、议论文体阅读理解题的应对策略
解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
解题方法：
1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
二、解题技巧
历年全国中考英语阅读理解的题型无非基本都是考查主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断和细节理解四大题型。其中，命题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，又兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。细节理解题和推理判断题主要考查的是对原文具体细节的理解和把控能力，难度相对较小，广大考生除了平时必要的阅读量和词汇量的积累以外，掌握一定的解题技巧对解答阅读理解题来说也是至关重要的。具体说来：
1. 主旨大意型
干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。
干扰项 可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
干扰项 可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。
正确答案 根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有：
1. What is the main / general idea of this text
2. What is mainly discussed in this passage
3. What is the text mainly about
4. This text mainly tells us _________.
5. This passage mainly deals with _________.
6. The main idea of this passage may be bestexpressed as_________.
7. The topic of this passage is _________.
标题选择题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：
1. What would be the best title for the text
2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text
3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be __________.
不管是选择＂主题＂还是选择＂标题＂，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，都是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项的内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。
2. 事实细节型
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某些细节或重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语意理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要考生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。
做此类题时可以使用定位法与跳读法。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而选出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行简单分析、推理等，从而找出正确答案。
(1)解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节的问题常有以下几种命题方式：
①Which of the following statements is true
②Which of the following is not mentioned in the text
③The author (or the passage) states that __________.
④According to the passage, when (where, why, how,who, what, which, etc.) __________
(2)干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的。
阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：
①包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。
②正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。
③委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely,only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。
④同形项原则
命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。
⑤常识项原则
议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。
⑥因果项原则
阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。
解题方法：原文定位法。
查读法：(1)带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。
(2)细心!
3. 词义猜测型
阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语、句子意义的题目，近几年高考阅读中词义猜测题的考查方法呈多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测词义将会越来越多。有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，后文接着会出现其定义、解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。还可以根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。当然了，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握以下做题技巧。
(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2)根据文中的定义、事例、解释猜生词。用事例或解释猜生词；用重复解释的信息猜生词。
(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。
(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断。根据上下句的连接词如but，however，otherwise等可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
(5)根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据同位关系进行判断。阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释。
(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。分号还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；破折号表示解释说明。
常见的问题形式有：
(1)The word ＂…＂ in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase ＂…＂ suggests…
(3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence ＂…＂ is/refers to /means…
(4)The word ＂…＂ is closest in meaning to …
常用应对方法：
同义法：常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测词义。
反义法：如hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，互为反义的词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
释义法：对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语，甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
此外，还有情景推断法、代词替代法等。
做题要领
(1)从文中找线索或信息词；
(2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新词的意思；
(3)根据上下文判断新词在特定句中的确切意思。
(4)要特别注意熟词新意！
4. 推理判断型
做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。常见的命题方式有：
(1)The passage implies (暗示) that _________.
(2)We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that _________.
(3)Which of the following can be inferred (推论)
(4)What is the tone (语气) of the author
(5)What is the purpose (目的) of this passage
(6)The passage is intended to _________.
(7)Where would this passage most probably appear
典例剖析
（2021·湖南长沙·中考真题）
典例剖析
In some parents’ eyes,school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy person,what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.
Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize (抓住) every chance to learn and finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section (部分) of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, whether-you are good or bad at school, don’t take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of your talents (天赋). That’s how you can live a happy and successful life.
1．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing Paragraph (段落) One
A．To introduce a topic. B．To give examples. C．To provide a solution.
2．In some parents’ eyes, what’s the most important for their kids basedon Paragraph Two
A．Being happy. B．Staying healthy. C．Getting good grades.
3．What does the underlined expression “big shots” in the thirdparagraph mean
A．好学生 B．神枪手 C．大人物
4．According to the passage, which sentence may agree with the writer’s idea
A．It takes money to be successful.
B．School grades aren’t everything.
C．Successful people never finish school.
5．What can we infer (推断) from the text
A．Old habits die hard. B．Learning is a lifelong journey. C．Good grades always promise asuccessful life.
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。在学校学习成绩好可以和未来的成功划等号吗？其实学校中的常胜将军可能并非人生赢家，反之亦然。
1．推理判断题。根据“In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that ”可知作者写第一段是为了引出学习成绩好并不能和未来的成功划等号这一话题。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids.”可知在一些家长的眼里，学习成绩对孩子们来说才是最重要的。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据“who are successful in life without finishing school”可知此处指的是没上学就取得成功的大人物，big shots意为“大人物”。故选C。
4．观点态度题。根据“That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.”可知想要拥有美好生活，只成绩好是不够的，由此可知“学校成绩并不代表一切。”这一句符合作者的观点。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据“If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life.”可知即使完成学业了也要继续学习，学习是一个终生旅程。故选B。
实战演练
Passage1
When everyone in China is wearing masks （口罩） to stop the COVID-19（新冠肺炎）, many people in Western countries don’t seem to want to do the same. For example, an Italian officer was criticized（批评） by his workmates when he went to work with a mask. They said he made them nervous. But why do the East and West have different ideas about wearing masks Let’s take a look.
Western ideas about masks
In the West, people should wear masks only when they get sick, for example. People see masks as a tool （工具） to protect sick people and stop disease from spreading（传播）, so healthy people don’t need to wear them. But as the number of COVID-19 cases is growing around the world,people in the West are changing their ideas.
Mask culture in the East
In Asian countries like China and Japan, wearing masks is common. In 1910, Chinese doctor Wu Liande invented the modern medical mask. During the 2003 SARS epidemic（流行病疫）, people in China and East Asia also used masks to protect themselves.
In Japan, wearing masks shows your politeness （礼貌） when you get a cold or flu. Some Japanese also turn masks into fashion accessories（配饰）. They have different colors and patterns to choose to match their clothes. Some young women wear masks when they don’t have their makeup（化妆品） on.
Many pop stars in Asia also use masks to protect their privacy （隐私）. This cultural and historical background has made it easier for people in the East to wear masks when epidemics break out.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．What did the workmates think of the Italian officer
A．He was too worried to work. B．He made other people nervous.
C．He was unwilling to go to work.
2．In the past, people in the West wore masks when__________.
A．they were sick B．they were talking to doctors
C．they were shy or worried
3．Where was the modern medical mask invented
A．In the UK. B．In Japan. C．In China.
4．What is the story mainly about
A．Why masks are popular in Asian culture.
B．The importance of wearing masks during epidemics.
C．Masks mean different things in different cultures.
Passage 2
In order to push students to study at home as efficiently as they do in the classroom, one school in Shijiazhuang has demanded that students should attend their online courses in their school uniforms and that teachers should also, at the same time, give their lessons while wearing formal clothing. As soon as this regulation was released, it caused a heated debate.
In my opinion, whether to launch this regulation or not has arguments for and against it, depending upon one’s standpoint.
On the one hand, the practice of wearing appropriate clothing can help improve students’ sense of formality(仪式感) in their online classes, thereby making them more attentive. If all of the students were dressed in their pyjamas(睡衣) or clothes that would not be suitable for their classes at their schools, the quality of the lessons will perhaps decline as teenagers might easily become absent-minded and even feel sleepy. Therefore, the act of putting on one’s uniform while attending online classes can perhaps be quite effective as an aid and subconscious(潜意识的) reminder that they are students.
The other viewpoint is that students’ learning is their own business. Sooner or later they should be tasked with the responsibility of their own self-control. Therefore, taking online courses at home is the best opportunity for them to develop their ability of independent learning and good learning habits. The effect that online classes may have on students depends entirely on their own self-discipline(自律), so the argument about what kind of clothes they are dressed in shouldn't really be relevant.
To sum up, when we are studying from home on computers, it is both our sense of self-control and our sense of formality that can improve our studies. So it’s a matter of personal preference: You can wear a school uniform if it is of use to your own sense of learning and discipline, otherwise you shouldn't be required to show a fake or unwilling respect for your teachers and school by being forced to wear a uniform.
5．Why are students required to wear school uniforms while attending online classes at home
A．To show respect for teachers. B．To push students to study efficiently.
C．To ensure students’ learning progress. D．To show the formality of school.
6．Which of the following is the reason why people support wearing school uniforms
A．Students don’t have appropriate clothing besides pyjamas.
B．If students wear casual clothes in class, teachers can’t ensure the quality of lessons.
C．School uniforms can subconsciously remind students to study effectively.
D．Online classes will make students absent-minded and even feel sleepy.
7．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The importance of self-discipline.
B．The comparison between school uniforms and casual clothes.
C．The argument about what kind of clothes students should wear.
D．The reason why students don’t have to wear school uniforms at home.
8．What can we infer about the author from the passage
A．The author supports students to wear school uniforms while attending online courses.
B．The author thinks it unnecessary for students to wear school uniforms at home.
C．The author thinks it up to students whether to wear school uniforms at home.
D．The author insists on forcing students to wear uniforms.
基础练
Passage 1
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C
【分析】
本文介绍了东西方对于戴口罩的看法。
1．细节理解题。根据“For example, an Italian officer was criticized（批评） by his workmates when he went to work with a mask. They said he made them nervous.”可知意大利的官员认为戴口罩的行为让其他人恐慌。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“In the West, people should wear masks only when they get sick...”可知在西方人生病了才戴口罩。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“In 1910, Chinese doctor Wu Liande invented the modern medical mask.”可知现代医用口罩是中国发明的。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据“ But why do the East and West have different ideas about wearing masks Let’s take a look.”可知本文主要介绍了东西方对于口罩的不同看法。故选C。
Passage 2
5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C
【分析】
本文主要讲述了石家庄的一所学校发布的一则校规，就是在家上网课时要求学生穿校服，老师穿正装。引发了争议。
5．细节理解题。根据“In order to push students to study at home as efficiently as they do in the classroom...students should attend their online courses in their school uniforms...”可知是为了让学生在家上课也像在学校一样有效率，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“Therefore, the act of putting on one’s uniform while attending online classes can perhaps be quite effective as an aid and subconscious(潜意识的)reminder that they are students.”可知校服可以潜意识的提醒学生有效的学习。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据“The other viewpoint is that students’ learning is their own business.Sooner or later they should be tasked with the responsibility of their own self-control.”可知第四段主要讲的是学生在家不用穿校服的原因。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据“ You can wear a school uniform if it is of use to your own sense of learning and discipline...by being forced to wear a uniform.”可知，如果校服对你的学习意识和纪律有帮助，你可以穿校服，否则你不应该被迫穿校服来假装或不情愿地表示对老师和学校的尊重。因此推断作者并没有单独否定一方理论。而都是认可，只是有条件的认可，故选C。
提升练
Passage1 （2021·安徽砀山·三模）
The development of artificial intelligence(AI，人工智能) is a hot topic these days. AI makes it possible for machines to learn from experience and perform human-like tasks. But what is the future of AI Will it be a good thing We asked students what they thought.
I think AI will be more useful in our future lives. It’s now used in many fields like phones and medicine. No one really knows what will happen if machines become smarter than humans. However, I’m sure AI will help us solve problems. Tina
I am worried that people will create something that can be better than themselves. In the near future, AI will develop at a high speed. Humans may be replaced because AI robots will do lots of human jobs. Bill
I really think that AI will change the way we work, the way we live, and the way we think. Imagine if we could. put a CPU(中央处理器) into our brains! Soon we’ll be able to improve our math and memory. How exciting! Mary
Think of what’s happening right now. Some robots are used to kill animals under human orders. So I think AI will be very dangerous for humans. We need to be careful about what we ask machines to do. John
1．Tina thinks that AI will be ________.
A．exciting B．dangerous C．helpful D．surprising
2．Who believes AI will change the way we work, the way we live and the way we think
A．Bill. B．Mary. C．Tina. D．John.
3．Where does the text probably come from
A．A business magazine. B．A travel guide.
C．A geography magazine. D．A science magazine.
Passage2 （2021·四川江油·二模）
These days, teenagers are heavily influenced by the media. Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That’s more time than they spend with teachers at school. And we haven’t yet considered the hours they spend using the Internet and reading newspapers.
However, several studies have shown a serious problem: today’s teenagers lack media literacy（媒体素养）. In other words, they have difficulty critically thinking about the information they see. One study that was done on middle school students showed that more than 80 percent of them couldn’t tell the difference real stories and ads that looked like news
Stanford professor Kevin John teaches a class called Media Effects. He tries to help his students learn media literacy. The professor gives an example that shows why media literacy is important. In the example, two news stations report a snowstorm.One focuses on（关注）the terrible road conditions. The other focuses on kids playing in the snow. “With a news story, news stations tell you what they feel are the important details（细节）. These details mostly depend on the opinions of the news director,” said John, “A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one side at this time. There is more going on.”
Some experts think the school is the best place to teach media literacy. Others believe everyone—from parents to reporters—should help teenagers learn the skills.
As for the best time to start learning media literacy, many experts suggest the age of 12. But some basic ideas can be taught even earlier. “It’s never too early to start learning media literacy.”
4．From the first paragraph, we can learn that teenagers today spend more time ________.
A．using the Internet than watching TV.
B．watching TV than using the Internet.
C．studying at school than reading newspapers.
D．watching TV than studying at school.
5．The underlined word “lack” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________ in Chinese.
A．缺乏 B．质疑 C．误解 D．支持
6．The example in Paragraph 3 shows that a person who has media literacy ________ about a news story.
A．should have the same opinions as others.
B．could think about its good and bad sides.
C．must know about all the important details.
D．could know which side is more important.
7．Professor Kevin John would agree that ________.
A．everyone is supposed to help children learn different skills.
B．teenagers should spend less time watching TV.
C．news directors should report the news children are interested in.
D．children should be taught media literacy as early as possible.
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．How to develop teenagers’ media literacy.
B．Where teenagers should be taught media literacy.
C．Why teenagers are supposed to have media literacy.
D．When teenagers should learn media literacy.
Passage3 （2021·浙江海曙·二模）
Most of your textbooks are single-use. After graduating, old textbooks are thrown away, which is a big waste of money and paper.
Many countries already reuse their textbooks. In the US, book companies will come to schools and buy used books. They then resell them to new students the following year at a lower price. A high school textbook in the US can have up to eight owners before it is no longer in a good enough condition to be used, according to Xinhua. The book can then be recycled.
In China, according to the National Press and Publication Administration, students across the country buy 2.8 billion new textbooks every year. If the students of the following year could reuse these textbooks, it would save over 20 billion yuan each year.That’s enough money to build 40,000 primary schools, China Daily noted.
Primary and junior high school students in several Chinese cities are reusing music, arts, science and IT textbooks. That’s because students don’t have to take down many notes in their textbooks for these subjects, which makes them suitable for reusing.
However, these books only account for a tiny part of the total number of textbooks. As there is no good way for redistributing (再分配) second-hand textbooks, most textbooks still end up as waste, the Paper reported.
Changes in curricula (课程) also make it hard to reuse textbooks. “I’m among the first group of students to take classes after the recent curricular reform (改革), so I have to buy new textbooks that previous (之前的) students didn’t use,” Sun Run,a high school student from Hangzhou.
Though China has met difficulties on the way to reusing textbooks, the government need to do something to push the second-hand textbook business in the schools. We should go ahead with the project for the future development.
9．How do book companies in the US help students reuse textbooks
A．They make new books. B．They repair used books.
C．They carry them to rubbish station. D．They buy used books and then sell them.
10．How does the writer show the importance of reusing textbooks in Para. 3
A．By using numbers. B．By giving examples.
C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories.
11．What do the underlined words in Para. 5 refer to
A．All the reused textbooks. B．All the new textbooks.
C．The second-hand textbooks. D．Music, arts, science and IT textbooks.
12．What can we infer (推测) from the above passage
A．China did better in reusing old textbooks than the US.
B．Throwing old textbooks is a waste of money and paper.
C．It seems that China makes a little progress in reusing old textbooks.
D．Sun Run has already reused the textbooks because of the recent curricula.
Passage4 （2020·陕西·西安市铁一中学二模）
Many kids do house work such as doing the dishes, making the bed and folding the clothes. In exchange,they get some money or other computer time.
Paying kids for housework is one of the most popular topics, especially at a time when every one is more careful about money. Some parents think since adults are paid to do their jobs, we should pay kids for everyday housework.
But some people don’t think kids should get rewards(报酬) for doing housework. Walton, an expert, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return. “Running any kind of housework is a team effort.”
Walton said, “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and families decide how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like what they want.”
Other people believe that getting a reward encourages kids to do housework, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to get money. There are also—apps(程序) that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed(兑现) either online or in the real world. “Our goal is to give kids lawful power so they can get rewards,” says Berman. “and kids need rewards to help encourage them.”
13．What is Walton’s idea in the passage
A．Running exercise is a kind of teamwork. B．People work to get rewards
C．Kids have responsibilities in the house. D．Doing housework is only the parents’ job
14．The underlined phrase “in return” in Paragraph 3 has the same meaning as “________”.
A．as a reward B．for punishment C．on sale D．under control
15．According to Berman, kids should be encouraged to ________.
A．do housework without rewards B．do more housework
C．stay away from housework D．do housework by getting rewards
16．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Doing Housework Is Popular B．Should Kids Be Rewarded for Doing Housework
C．Let Kids Do Some Housework D．Kids Should Study As Well As Doing Housework
Passage 1
1．C 2．B 3．D
【分析】
这篇短文主要介绍了人工智能的发展，及其人工智能的未来是什么样的和四个学生的一些想法。
1．细节理解题。根据文中“I think AI will be more useful in our future lives.”可知，Tina相信人工智能在我们未来的生活中会更有用。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“I really think that AI will change the way we work, the way we live, and the way we think.”可知，Mary认为人工智能能够改变我们的工作方式、生活方式和思维方式。故选B。
3．推理判断题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了人工智能的发展，及四个学生的观点，应该从一本科技杂志中看到。故选D。
Passage 2
4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述青少年受到媒体的严重影响，缺乏媒体素养，很难正确判断他们所看到的信息。斯坦福教授Kevin John有开设相关课程，有的专家也认为学校是培养媒体素养最好的地方，并且培养媒体素养越早越好。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That'smore time than they spend with teachers at school.”可知与在学校的时间相比，现在的青少年花更多的时间在看电视上。故选D。
5．词义猜测题。根据第二段“ In other words, they have difficulty critically thinkingabout the information they see.”可知他们对于他们看到的信息缺乏批判性思考，所以此处的lack的意思是“缺乏”。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“A person who has media literacy would realize that eachstory is about one side at this time. There is more going on.”可知举例是为了表明有媒体素养的人对于每个故事会考虑到好的和不好的一面。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s never too early to start learning media literacy.”可知KevinJohn教授可能会同意越早教孩子媒体素养越好。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“ However, several studies have shown a serious problem:today’s teenagers lack media literacy.”可知如今青少年缺少媒体素养，结合文章整个语境，主要讲述的是让青少年学习媒体素养的必要性。故选C。
Passage 3
9．D 10．A 11．D 12．C
【分析】
本文介绍了中国在旧教科书再利用方面遇到的问题和实行此举措的好处。
9．细节理解题。根据“In the US, book companies will come to schools and buy used books. They then resell them to new students the following year at a lower price.”可知，美国的图书公司向学生们收售旧教科书来帮助学生们对旧教科书再利用。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据“students across the country buy 2.8 billion new textbooks every year…it would save over 20 billion yuan each year. That’s enough money to build 40,000primary schools”可知，文章第三段通过使用数字来说明旧教科书再使用的重要性。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据“…are reusing music, arts, science and IT textbooks…However, these books only account for a tiny part of the total number of textbooks.”可知，此处指上一段中提到的可以重复使用的音乐、美术、科学和信息技术教科书。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据“Primary and junior high school students in several Chinese cities are reusing music, arts, science and IT textbooks.”可知，中国几个城市的中小学生正在重复使用音乐、艺术、科学和信息技术教科书，这表明中国在重新利用旧教科书方面取得了一些进展。故选C。
Passage 4
13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B
【分析】
短文讲述了许多孩子做家务，例如洗碗、整理床铺和叠衣服作为交换，他们得到一些钱或其他电脑时间。人们对做家务要不要给孩子们奖励有不同的看法。
13．细节理解题。根据“It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and families decide how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like what they want”可知，他的观点是孩子们在家里也有相应的责任，故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据“parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return”可知，父母在传递一种信息，这个信息就是如果得不到回报，那么一项工作就不值得去做，in return与as a reward同义，故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据“Our goal is to give kids lawful power so they can get rewards,” says Berman. “and kids need rewards to help encourage them”可知，Berman觉得孩子们应该被鼓励得到奖励来做家务，故选D。
16．最佳标题。根据“Some parents think since adults are paid to do their jobs, we should pay kids for everyday housework”可知，一些家长认为，既然成年人做他们的工作是有报酬的，我们就应该付钱给孩子做日常家务。短文分别介绍了两种观点，因此最适合本文的标题是“孩子做家务应该得到奖励吗”，故选B。
真题练
Passage1 （2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）
It’s long been a scientific dream: to give people a special vaccine before birth to prevent them from getting terrible illnesses. Gene editing (基因编辑) is one way in which we could do this. But this method has also created some discussion.
In an online video posted on Nov. 26, 2018, He Jiankui, a researcher at the Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.
The babies are twin girls who were born in November. Their father had HIV. The twins’ genes were edited in order to prevent them from suffering from the HIV virus.
He said he chose to do this because HIV is widespread in China. “I feel such a strong duty not only tobe the first to do this, but also to set an example,” he told AP.
But his actions caused many questions. Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical to use it on humans.
Some believe that gene editing could be useful to HIV patients. HIV is “a large and growing public health problem”, according to Harvard Medical School genetic professor George Church. Using gene editing for HIV is “a good idea”, Church told AP.
However, others think that gene editing is still in its experimental periods and could result in terrible changes. “It could cause genetic problems later in life, including the development of cancer,” Julian Savulescu from the University of Oxford told BBC News.
Others fear that people might use gene editing technology to make “designer (设计的) babies”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye colour to their IQ.
“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater unfairness than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics told BBC News.
1．What do we know about He Jiankui
A．He was the first person to edit genes.
B．He made the twins suffer from HIV when he edited their genes.
C．He made the world’s first genetically edited babies.
D．He was the first person whose genes were edited.
2．Who agreed that gene editing could be helpful to HIV patients
A．George Church. B．Julian Savulescu.
C．Marcy Darnovsky. D．Chinese researchers.
3．The underlined word “ethical” in the passage probably means“________”.
A．合乎常情的 B．道德的 C．有价值的 D．有效的
4．According to the story, we know that gene editing ________.
A．is supported by the writer B．is good for wealthy people
C．causes some heated argument D．has been used widely in the UK
5．What does “designer babies” mean in the passage
A．Parents can change their baby’s eye colour.
B．Parents are able to choose their baby’s height.
C．Parents can give their baby everything that he or she likes.
D．Parents have a chance to prevent their baby from suffering from the virus.
Passage 2（2021·江苏泰州·中考真题）
Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to make friends with foreigners. As a Canadian living in China for a year,I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on thismatter.
One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry. In thewriter’s opinion, foreigners are an "opportunity (机会)" to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her. If the foreigner doesn’t want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn’t want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also may harm the relationship between Chinese and foreigners in China.
Like most other"Lao Wai" living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living in a culture different from our own familiar (熟悉的) ways. However, I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the fastest developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.
However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an "opportunity" To improve their oral English. I have had people following me from town to my flat to trouble me to teach them English. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me non-stop questions for half an hour at the weekly English Corner ...
Friendship for a lot of foreigners is about spending time with someone whose company (陪伴) they really enjoy. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities.Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush.________ If your only reason for becoming fiends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don’t have a foreign friend for long.
6．Where is the writer of this passage from
A．America B．China C．Canada D．England
7．Why is the writer of the passage interested in the book "How to make friends with foreigners"
A．Because he wants to have some more close Chinese Friends.
B．Because he has greatly improved his Chinese language skills,
C．Because no Chinese people would like to make friends with him.
D．Because he wants to know about the Chinese writer’s advice on this topic.
8．According to the writer of the book "How to make friends with foreigners" , ________.
A．his advice may make foreigners angry
B．it is rude of you to ask a foreigner questions
C．you should choose a good foreigner to practise English with
D．don’t waste time on a foreigner who doesn’t answer your questions
9．In the fourth paragraph, the writer uses "I have had…"three times, because ________.
A．he had no better sentences to express his ideas.
B．he wanted to show how he hated to make friends with Chinese.
C．he wanted to show how he hated to be treated as an “opportunity”.
D．he met Chinese who wanted to make friends with him only three times.
10．Which sentence may be the best to fill in the "________" In the last paragraph
A．True friendships stand (经得起) the test of time.
B．Learn about different cultures to make real friends.
C．Friends are about opportunities or personal advantages.
D．There’s real friendship between people from different countries.
Passage 3 （2021·湖北荆门·中考真题）
TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a mobile app allowing users to create, share and watch short videos. Developed by: ByteDance Users: 13+
Joe Thomas It seems very enjoyable. However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it.
Alice Brown I like the app because it allows me to share my daily life and make new friends. What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created. Now I have more than 10 million fans.
Adam Young There is no need for us to use this app. My friend Tom Smith spends most of his spare time on TikTok. I think he should spend time on more meaningful things, such as exercising or reading.
11．TikTok is suitable for users aged ________.
A．7 B．20 C．12 D．10
12．Joe Thomas thinks that you may ________ while watching TikTok.
A．spend too much time B．get bored easily
C．waste too much money D．learn some harmful information
13．TikTok has made ________ popular for his (her) videos.
A．Joe Thomas B．Tom Smith C．Adam Young D．Alice Brown
Passage4 （2021·山东滨州·中考真题）
“Life’s a long, long journey,” so we are told,and most of us would not set off on a journey, even a short one, without some ideas of where we wanted to go. Yet many people travel on life’s journey with no sense of direction at all.
Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction. Goal setting is used by top sports players, successful business people and achievers in all fields. Before you set personal goals, think about what you want to achieve with your life.
Try to set goals in some of the following categories (类别):
Education—Will you achieve the educational goals after finishing high school Are you still growing and learning
Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members
Creative—Do you want to achieve any artistic goals
Career—What job do you want to take when you grow up What do you need to make your dream come true
Public Service—Do you want to make the world a better place
Physical—Are you fit enough to do the things you want to do
Pleasure—How do you want to enjoy yourself
To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks. For example, if you want to reach a main goal in five years, set a three-year goal, a one-year goal, a three-month goal and a one-month goal. Then create a daily To-Do List of things that you should do today. When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.
Remember, your goals can be changed as time goes on. But be sure your goals are the things you hopeto achieve, not what your parents, family or teachers want.
14．According to the passage, why should we set goals
A．To have a better future. B．To enjoy pleasure in life.
C．To know where to have a journey. D．To give our life a sense of direction.
15．What should you consider when you set a family goal
A．The education you want to get. B．The job to support your family.
C．The time you’ll spend reaching your goal. D．The relationship with family members.
16．What’s the best advice to achieve the main goal
A．Dividing your goals into smaller tasks. B．Creating a daily To-Do List of things.
C．Building the self-confidence. D．Setting the time to achieve the main goal.
17．What can we learn from the passage
A．Once you set your goals, they can’t be changed.
B．Not all the people can get success by setting goals.
C．Enjoying success in one goal can help you do better in the next one.
D．Your goals are the things you and your parents, families or teachers want.
18．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．A long journey. B．Goal setting for life. C．The direction of life. D．Ways to achieve goals.
Passage 5 （2021·北京·中考真题）
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider,for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture. However,culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language.
19．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
20．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
21．The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
22．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
Passage 1
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B
【分析】
本文讲述了通过基因编辑可以决定从眼睛颜色到智力的一切东西。南方科技大学的研究员贺建奎制造了世界上第一批基因编辑婴儿，目前这项技术的合理性引起了强烈的争论。
1．细节理解题。根据“In an online video posted on Nov. 26, 2018, He Jiankui, a researcher atthe Southern University of Science and Technology, said that he had helped to make the world’s first genetically edited babies.”可知，在2018年11月26日发布的一段网络视频中，南方科技大学研究员贺建奎表示，他帮助制造了世界上第一批基因编辑婴儿。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Using gene editing for HIV is ‘a good idea’, Church told AP.”可知，George Church同意基因编辑对艾滋病患者有帮助，故选A。
3．词义猜测题。分析“Although gene editing may help to prevent disease, many people are wondering if it is safe and ethical to use it on humans.”可知，虽然基因编辑可能有助于预防疾病，但许多人都想知道，在人类身上使用基因编辑是否安全和道德。所以ethical的意思是“道德的”，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“But this method has also created some discussion.”以及后文人们对于基因编辑的不同看法可知，根据这篇报道，我们知道基因编辑引发了一些激烈的争论。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据“Others fear that people might use gene editing technology to make“designer (设计的) babies”. It would give parents the ability to choose everything from their baby’s eye colour to their IQ.”可知，其他人则担心人们可能会使用基因编辑技术制造“设计婴儿”，这将使父母有能力选择一切，从孩子的眼睛颜色到智商。故选B。
Passage 2
6．C 7．D 8．C 9．C 10．A
【分析】
本文讲述了一位在中国生活的加拿大人谈论如何与外国人建立和保持友谊，他认为要把外国人当作人，而不是机会，才能一步一步地建立友谊。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a Canadian living in China for a year…”可知，作者来自加拿大，故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter”可知，作者对这本书很感兴趣，是因为他想知道一位中国作家在这个问题上给出了什么样的建议，故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“ In the writer’s opinion, foreigners are an‘opportunity’ to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner,American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her.”可知，书的作者认为外国人是提高你英语口语的“机会”，每当你见到外国人，你应该和他或她练习说英语，故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry.”以及第四段“However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an ‘opportunity’ to improve their oral English.”可知，这里作者用了三次“I have had…”，因为他想表明他是多么讨厌被当作“机会”来对待，故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush.”可知，这里作者想告诉我们要一步一步地建立友谊，在一段时间内，不要匆忙，真正的友谊经得起时间的考验的，故选A。
Passage 3
11．B 12．A 13．D
【分析】
本文介绍了三个人对抖音这个应用程序的看法。
11．细节理解题。根据“Users: 13+”可知，适合13岁以上年龄的用户，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“However, it’s difficult to stop once you start watching its videos. It’s not a good idea to spend too much time on it”可知，他认为在看抖音时会花费许多时间，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据“ What’s more, I have won more popularity for the videos I created”可知，抖音让Alice因她的视频而变得受欢迎，故选D。
Passage 4
14．D 15．D 16．A 17．C 18．B
【分析】
生活是一段漫长的旅程，设定目标可以给我们的生活一个方向感。首先你要知道自己人生的目标是什么，如何设定自己的人生目标，这篇短文中作者提出了一些建议。
14．细节理解题。根据“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，设定个人目标可以给我们的人生方向感。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据“Family—What kind of relationship do you want with your parents and other family members ”可知，在设定家庭目标的时候，你首先要想清楚你想与父母和其他家庭成员保持什么样的关系。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据“To help make the process more manageable, divide your goals into smaller tasks.”可知，为了完成一个主要的目标，你应该把它分成几个小目标。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据“When a goal is achieved, take the time to enjoy your success. This helps you build the self-confidence.”可知，当一个目标实现了，享受你的成功，这会帮助你建立自信，这样可以帮助你在下一个目标中做得更好。故选C。
18．标题归纳题。根据文意以及短文中“Setting personal goals can give your life a sense of direction.”可知，文章中作者首先提到“设定个人目标能给生活方向感”，然后下文介绍了如何设定人生目标。B选项“设定人生目标”符合文章主旨，作为标题最合适。故选B。
Passage 5
19．D 20．C 21．B 22．C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
19．段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争)against human nature.”和“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures”可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.”可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
21．词义猜测题。分析“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.”可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处transmission的意思是“传播”，故选B。
22．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).”可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。
同课章节目录
- 词法
- 名词
- 动词和动词短语
- 动词语态
- 动词时态
- 助动词和情态动词
- 非谓语动词
- 冠词
- 代词
- 数词和量词
- 形容词副词及其比较等级
- 介词和介词短语
- 连词和感叹词
- 构词法
- 相似、相近词比较
- 句法
- 陈述句
- 一般疑问句和否定疑问句
- 特殊疑问句及选择疑问句
- 反意疑问句
- 存在句(There be句型)
- 宾语从句
- 定语从句
- 状语从句
- 主谓一致问题
- 简单句
- 并列句
- 复合句
- 主谓一致
- 主、表语从句
- 名词性从句
- 直接引语和间接引语
- 虚拟语气
- 感叹句
- 强调句
- 倒装句
- 祈使句
- 句子的成分
- 句子的分类
- 题型专区
- 单项选择部分
- 易错题
- 完形填空
- 阅读理解
- 词汇练习
- 听说训练
- 句型转换
- 补全对话
- 短文改错
- 翻译
- 书面表达
- 任务型阅读
- 语法填空
- 其他资料