(共37张PPT)
高考英语二轮复习专题
阅读理解专题复习
Reading Comprehension
阅读理解专题—主旨大意题
针对阅读能力，要求考生能：
1） 理解语篇主旨大意
2） 理解文中具体信息
3） 根据上下文推断生词词义
4）根据文中事实和线索作出
简单判断和推理
5） 理解文章的宏观结构和文脉
逻辑关系
6）理解作者的观点、意图和态度
7）提炼文章提纲、概括主要内容、理解关键信息
1. 主旨大意题
2. 细节理解题
3. 词/语义判断题
4. 推理判断题
考纲导航
1. 标题类：
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might
be_________.
2)The text /passage could be entitled_________.
3)What is the best title for the passage
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a
title for the passage
2. 大意类：
1) This passage chiefly deals with_________.
2) What’s the topic/the main idea of the article
3) What is the subject discussed in the text
3. 目的类
1) The author’s main purpose in writing the
passage is_________.
2) The passage is meant to _________.
3) The purpose of this article is _________.
主旨大意题
命题常用的提问方式
如：
1. Which of the following can best serve as
the title of this passage
2.The purpose of this poster is to invite more
people to _________.
3. What do you think is the theme of the
story
4. The author writes the passage mainly
to__________.
Passage 1
The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
1) 文首
开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展
主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式。
应试技巧 如何寻找主题句
Passage 2
Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
Man has made great progress in environment protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the forests and sea resources and waste water and poisonous gases have been also dealt with.
Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems. People should be further educated to realize the importance of the problem, to use modern methods of birth control and learn to recycle our natural resources. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaned planet in the future.
2). 首尾呼应
为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore, man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.
3). 文尾
在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果,
以概括主题, 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 。
Passage 3
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
4). 文中
通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的
细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步
的解释, 支撑或发展。
Passage 4
5). 无主题句
即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句，必须
根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综
合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。
必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时
过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of
Paris and decided to leave. He transferred to the
University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard
Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with
an excellent legal background. He is presently a
corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Passage 5
Joshua Bingham received an
excellent education.
The main idea:
文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的关键。
但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。
技巧小结
高考链接
It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck — of fate, really.
When you set out to do something different, there’s no end
in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my
own name on a contract of the publisher — to be a
published writer — is unbelievably rewarding.
52. What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the
last paragraph
A. It pays to stick to one’s goal.
B. Hard work can lead to success.
C. She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.
D. There is no end in sight when starting to do something.
【试题解析】目的主旨题。本段作者表达他刚刚开始时“there’s no end in sight”到后来的“an unbelievable stroke of luck” “to be a published writer — is unbelievably rewarding（有回报的）”是想要告诉读者，坚持自己的目标是值得的，总会碰到运气的降临。
真题再现
rewarding
pays
For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
…
Man, however, is now a world traveler and can not turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole
new industries have been built around its
design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with
limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy
airports and limited space of the flight to gain those
extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun.
Speed controls people’s lives. Time saved in work
or play is the important thing—or so we are told.
Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across
the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world
than the one we know today. They could travel at
will, and the clock was not their master.
were enjoying a better world
than the one we know today
75. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Air travel benefits people and industries.
B. Train travel has some advantages over air
travel.
C. Great changes have taken place in modern
travel.
D. The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.
【试题解析】本文为议论文。主要就当今一些人追求有速度的旅游提出了自己的看法，作者建议人们不妨不坐飞机，改乘其他交通工具，好好欣赏人生的旅途。
真题再现
Harvard researchers have created a tough, low cost, biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells. The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk.” It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.
…
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They’re also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for
第三模块 │ 题型探究
真题再现
for non-medical products, like for computer cases
and other products inside the home. They’re even
exploring combining it with other materials, like
carbon fibers, to give it new properties.
70. Which of the following can be the best title for
the passage
A. Recent Progress in Environmental Protection
B. Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research
C. The Harm of One time Products
D. A Possible Alternative to Plastic
【试题解析】主旨大意题。考查对文章整体的归纳理解能
力。本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了科技新发现：从动物
外壳提炼的具有可生物降解特性的材料以及它的广泛用途。
选项D符合文意。
Franz Kafka wrote that "a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. " I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.
…
真题再现
Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our
students by testing them on texts that ignore their
hearts. We are teaching them that words do not
amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test
scores, but we will fail to teach that reading can be
transformative and that it belongs to them.
70. The author writes the passage mainly
to________.
A. introduce classic works of literature
B. advocate teaching literature to touch the
heart
C. argue for equality among high school
students
D. defend the current testing system
【试题解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，主要介绍了作者
讲述在自己教学生涯中，教学生文学阅读的亲身体验，
故B项正确。
实战演练
details
Paragraph ideas
Passage idea
How
Put yourself in the writer’s shoes !
Tip
实战演练1
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: "Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is "just right for you." It costs $359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale.
Which sentence best expresses the main idea
A. The customer must be on his guard (警惕) when
purchasing items on sale.
B. Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out
quickly.
C. Many stores use the "bait and switch" technique to
attract customers.
D. Anyone planning to buy a television set should look
for a sale.
There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning, the fact that girls' mothers talked them more, is the reason why girls talk more than boys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, author Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition, conducted experiments that found mothers talked to and looked at, baby girls more often than baby boys. Scientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children. Since a girl' s brain is better organized to send and receive speech , we therefore talk to them more. Consequently, mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts (咕哝)in reply.
实战演练2
therefore
What does the author want to tell us most
A. Women' s brains are better organized for
language and communication
B. Women love to talk because they are more
sociable than men.
C. Men do not like talking because they rely
more on facts.
D. Social conditioning is not the reason why
women love talking.
实战演练3
In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cost American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australian’s biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph
A. GM is one of the largest car producers.
B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.
C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.
D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.
实战演练4
Many people think a telephone is essential. But I think it’s a pest and a time waster. Very often you find it impossible to escape from some idle or curious chatterbox, or from somebody who wants something for nothing. If you have a telephone in your own house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you are asleep, of in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out, or when you are taking your bath. Are you strong-minded enough to ignore it, to say to yourself, “Ah, well, it will all be the same in a hundred year’s time ” You are not. You think there are maybe some important news or messages for you . I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Haven’t you ever rushed dripping from the bath, or chewing from the table, or dazed from the bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number
But you will say, you need not have your name printed in the telephone directory, and you can have a telephone which is only unable for outgoing calls. Besides you will say, isn’t it important to have a telephone in case of emergency-illness, an accident, or fire Of course you are
I think perhaps I had better try to justify myself by
trying to prove that what I like is good. I admit that in
different circumstances-If you were a business VIP, for
instance, or a bed ridden person-I might find a telephone
essential. But then if I were a taxi driver, I should find a car
essential.
Let me put it another way: there are two things for
which the English seem to show particular talent. One is
mechanical invention, the other is literature. My own
business happens to be with the use of words but I see I
must now stop using them. For I have just been handed a
slip of paper to say that somebody is waiting to speak to
me on the telephone. I think I had better answer it .After all,
one never knows, it may be something important.
right, but here in a thickly populated country like England, one is seldom far from a telephone in case of dreadful necessity.
how we should be strong enough to ignore a phone call
B. the possibility that important message will reach you sooner or later
C. whether it’s necessary to answer all telephone calls
D. whether it is necessary to have a telephone
The passage is mainly about_______.
A handshake signaled the passing of the baton(权杖 ) and start of a new era for the world’s most populous country. The people of China saw their new head of state elected on Thursday, carrying the dreams and aspirations of about 20 percent of the world's population on his shoulders. Xi Jinping, leader of the Communist Party of China, was elected president by nearly 3,000 deputies to the National People's Congress.
Torch passes to a new generation
实战演练5
What is it mainly about
What might be the best title
Argo, the film about the Iranian hostage crisis,
won the top prize for best picture at the Academy Awards Sunday in Los Angeles, beating Lincoln, which was widely expected to win. Ben Affleck, Argo's director and co-producer, thanked "everyone who had anything to do with the movie" in his acceptance speech.
First lady Michelle Obama made a surprise appearance from the White House toward the end of the ceremony. She praised the films that were nominated in the best picture category saying "they made us laugh and they made us weep." She then announced the winner, Argo.
Argo Wins Academy Award for Best Picture
实战演练6
1. 文章中的but, however, rather, as a result,
therefore, in brief, in short 等词。它们通常
是引出中心主旨的方向词。而for example,
first, to begin with等是引出细节的信息词，在
它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。
技巧总结
2. 主旨题忌以偏概全，注意答案选项所涉及
的概念的外延和内涵必须能恰如其分地概
况文章的主题，既不能范围过大，也不能
把某一细节或侧面误当作主题
3. 注意捕捉文章中出现频率较高的中心词汇
和全文和段落的主题句
4. 选择文章标题时要有概括性、针对性、醒
目性
Thank you(共29张PPT)
How to polish your writing
让你的作文 起来
高三英语二轮复习: 书面表达
“亮”
Learning Objectives:
By the end of the class, the students will be able to
1. learn to organize and develop a writing in a better way.
2. master the key steps for writing.
3. learn to improve the writing by using advanced words, phrases and sentence patterns.
What makes a good piece of writing
1.neat writing书写
2. content内容
3. structure结构
4. language语言
Good first impression
Well organized and smoothly developed
Everything required included
No Chinglish
No Grammatical mistakes
exactly used words and relatively changed sentence patterns
Five steps for writing (写作五步骤）
1. Cross-question(审题)
※ Main idea ※ Style
※ Verb tense ※ Person
2. Seize the major points /key words (抓要点)/figure out the outline(提纲)
3. Sentences connection(连句成文)
Words/phrases Sentences
5. Error correcting
( 查错改错)
4. Ensure the fluency (添加过渡，确保连贯）
Conjunctions/ conjunctive adverbs
passage
passage
写作五部曲
step1 topic exploring 审题
step2 wording 构词
step3 sentence making 成句
step4 essay writing 成篇
step5 improving 修订
Step1 审题
1 审体裁
2 审人称
3 审时态
4 审要点
定文章结构
Step2 wording
拼写
词性
近义词
同音词
单复数
冠词
大小写
Simple mistakes
leave a bad impression!
step3 sentencing 成句
1 简单句
2 并列句
3 复合句
4 非谓语形式
5 特殊结构
时态，语态
别忘了并列连词
No Chinglish!!
连词的选择
主语一致
避生就熟！
强调句型；倒装；
独立主格结构……
技 巧
1. 使用较高级的词汇
3. 使用恰当的连接词
词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。
运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉 。
使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。
How to polish your writing
2. 使用较丰富的句式
Task 1、使用较高级的词汇
1、这件工作挺难的。
2、最后他了解到了所有的事情。
3、感谢你不辞辛苦地帮助我。
That is a difficult job.
challenging/ demanding
He learned about everything at last.
eventually
I should thank you for taking so much
trouble to help me.
I am truly grateful to you for…
4. 几天前，我碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。
5. 努力使我们的生活变得更好。
We try our best to make our life better.
Several days ago, I happened to meet an old friend of mine.
A couple of days ago, I came across/ bumped into/ stumbled on an old friend of mine.
// (…, it so happened that I ran into … )
make every effort to …
make joint efforts to…
spare no effort to better our life…
Task 2、使用较丰富的句式
1. When he arrives, please give me an e-mail. (使用V-ing形式)
2. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. (使用名词性从句)
3. Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten. (用过去分词)
On his arriving, please give me an e-mail.
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
4. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用过去分词)
5. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)
6.I won’t believe what he says. （no matter what状语从句）
7.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （祈使句+and…）
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.
Singing and laughing, they went back to school.
No matter what he says, I won’t believe.
Study hard and you’ll make rapid progress.
Task3、使用恰当的连接词
为了使结构清楚，要点明了，可以使用如下几组词汇：
1）first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), last/ finally
2）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally
3）to start with, next, in addition, finally
4）first and foremost, besides, last but not least
5）on the one hand, on the other hand
6）for one thing, for another thing（适用于
两点的情况）
Task 4: Evaluate the two passages
19年高考书面表达（重庆卷）
国外某网站举办新的一轮网上讲座活动，正面向全球中学生征集话题。假设你是新华中学的学生李华，经常访问该网站。现请你用英文给该网站发送一封电子邮件，向其推荐话题。内容包括:
自我介绍
写信目的
话题：我们应该感恩（thankful).
推荐理由
预祝活动成功
注意：1.词数100左右; 2.邮件格式已为你给出；
3.邮件出不能出现本人信息；4.在答题卡上作答。
三段式
总
分
总
自我介绍
写信目的
话题（我们应该感恩）
列举理由
预祝活动成功
in brief
in detail
in brief
19年高考书面表达（重庆卷）
国外某网站举办新的一轮网上讲座活动，正面向全球中学生征集话题。假设你是新华中学的学生李华，经常访问该网站。现请你用英文给该网站发送一封电子邮件，向其推荐话题。内容包括:
自我介绍
写信目的
话题：我们应该感恩（thankful).
推荐理由
预祝活动成功
注意：1.词数100左右; 2.邮件格式已为你给出；
3.邮件出不能出现本人信息；4.在答题卡上作答。
My name is Li Hua. I am a student and I study in XinHua Middle School. I often visit your web, and from it I know you are finding themes from students all over the world. Now, I write this letter because I want to recommand a theme.
We should thankful is a good topic. Our father and mother throw thick and thin raise us, we should be thankful to them. Our teachers teach us how to study, leading a lot of knowledge into our head. we should thank to them. as a Chinese, we should be thankful, because where there is thankful, there’re hopes to make the world better, and with a thankful heart, we can realize how beautiful life is.
I really hope you can choose my theme. I wish the activity will have an successful end.
be
a
As
looking for topics
recommend
topic
topic
through thick and thin
thankfulness
17分
I’m Lihua, a student from Xin Hua Middle School. I often visit your website, where I got the wonderful news that you’re looking for topics from students all over the world. Here, I’m writing to recommend one.
In my opinion, that we should be thankful is a good idea. Firstly, it is our parents who brought us up through thick and thin, so we should thank them. Besides, we owe our teachers thanks, for we couldn’t be who we are now without their hard work. What’s more, thankfulness is also our traditional Chinese virtue. Where there is thankfulness, there are hopes to make the world better. Only with a thankful heart can we fully realize how beautiful life is.
Hopefully, my topic will be chosen. Wish the activity a great success.
23分
Now, Let’s check whether our writing has been improved in content, structure and language
我们的文章亮起来了么？
【高考 全国卷I】
假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定，你需书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信：
1．本人简介；
2．求助内容：
3．约定时间；
4．你的联系方式
(Email：lihua@1236．com；Phone：12345678)。
Task 5 : Practice
历届高考书面表达回顾
注意：
1．词数100左右;
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3．结束语已为你写好。
Dear Sir/Madam,
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Look forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
Suggestions to improve your language:
Practise using the expressions you have learned.
Vary your sentence structures.
Try to express your ideas clearly, concisely and completely.
Avoid grammar and spelling mistakes.
A checklist to remind you whether you have written a good composition which is:
well organized
well developed
well expressed
Have you made an outline
Does your paragraph have a proper topic sentence
Do your supporting sentences fully develop the main idea
Do you have specific details to support your generalizations
Do you have an effective conclusion
Have you made use of a variety of transitions
Is your sentence structure correct
Are your verbs in the correct tense
Have you used the appropriate vocabulary
Are your punctuations correct
If you score 10 = Excellent
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li hua , a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university. I’m writing to ask for help. I came here last month and found my courses interesting. But I have some difficulties with note-making and I have no idea of how to use the library. I was told the learning center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get
历届高考书面表达回顾
help from. I have no class on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons. Please let me know which day is OK with you. You may email or phone me. Here are my email address and please remember: lihua@1236．com Phone：12345678).
Look forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
Homework
Complete your composition.
Cooperate with your partners to correct the essay each other.
Thank you！
