牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world单词拓展课件（42张ppt）

(共43张PPT)
Unit 4
republic n. 共和国，共和政体
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
independent republics 独立的共和国
malaria n. 疟疾
deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的
dead adj. 死的，去世的；无生气的，死气沉沉的
death n. 死，死亡
dying v. (die的现在分词) adj. 临终的，垂死的
a deadly weapon/disease/poison
致命的武器╱疾病/毒药
眼镜蛇（cobra）是世界上毒性最剧烈的蛇类之一。
The cobra is one of the world's deadliest snakes.
survival n. 生存，存活[U]；残存物，幸存事物[C]
province n. 省，省份[C]
survive vi. & vt. 生存
survivor n. 幸存者
动词去e加-al变成名词的有：
survive —— survival 幸存 remove —— removal 移动
refuse —— refusal 拒绝 propose —— proposal 提议
arrive —— arrival 到达 approve —— approval 赞成
central/coastal provinces 中部/沿海省份
broad adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
broadly adv. 明显地；宽广地
broaden v. 扩大；变阔；变宽
a broad knowledge of... 广泛的...知识
in a broad sense 广义上讲
broaden one's horizons 拓宽某人的视野
【形近词】
abroad adv. 到国外；在国外
board n. 木板；甲板
aboard adv. 在船上；在飞机上
例句：政府的政策得到了广泛的支持。
There is broad support for the government's policies.
intend vt. & vi. 想要，计划；意指
intention n. 意图；目的；企图
intended adj. 有意的
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
intend to do sth/doing sth 打算/想要做某事
be intended for 专门为...准备/打算
be intended to do sth 是为了做某事
have no/the intention of (doing)...
有...(不做/做某事)的意图/目的
这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。
This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry.
He stayed up late, ________ to finish his task ahead of time.
intending
extract n. 提取物[U,C]；选录[C]
vt. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到
herb n. 药草，香草；草本[C]
the extract from sth ...的选录/提取物
extract ...from... 从...提取
herbal adj. 药草的；香草的
Chinese medicinal herb 中草药
refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及；指的是
referred referred referring
reference n. 参考；参考书；提及
to为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词
refer to...as... 把...称作... in/with reference to 关于
e.g. You may refer to your notes.
They can also refer to pop culture and new cultural trends.
I promised not to refer to the matter.
He refers to Tom as a good friend.
With/In reference to your letter yesterday, we...
参考
指的是
提到
experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践[C,U]
vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试
do/ carry out/ perform/ conduct an experiment on sth 做关于...的实验
experimental adj. 实验性的，试验性的
experimentally adv. 实验上；用实验方法；实验式地
trial n. 试用,试验；审讯,审判 ；考验
vi. & vt. 测试，试验
be on trial 试用/受审
He is on trial for murder.
limited adj. 有限的
household adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的
n. 一家人，家庭[C]
low-income household 低收入家庭
household products 家用产品
limit vt&n. 限制，限定，限量
limitless adj. 无限制的;无界限的
limit... to... 把...局限于...
be limited to sth
这门课程限招12人。
This course _________________12 people.
is limited to
container n. 容器[C]；集装箱，货柜[C]
contain vt. 包含，包括；克制
a container ship 集装箱船
contain oneself 克制自己
Food will last longer if kept in an airtight(密封的) container.
She was unable to contain her excitement.
postpone vt. 延迟，延期（=put off / delay）
postpone sth (to/until sth) 将某物推迟到...
postpone doing sth 推迟做某事
e.g. The game has already been postponed three times.
sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的
data n. 数据，资料，材料[u,pl.]
sufficiency n. 足量，充足
sufficiently adv. 足够地；充足地
insufficient adj. 不充足的，不足的
be sufficient to do sth 足够做某事
more than sufficient 绰绰有余
self-sufficient 自给自足的
近义：adequate、ample、abundant
The money is not sufficient to help those homeless children.
单数形式: datum
data analysis 数据分析
data base 数据库
data collection 数据收集
speed up （使）加速
New technology could speed up the task.
新的技术将会加速这项任务的进程。
at a speed of... 以...的速度
gain speed/ pick up speed 加速
slow down/ reduce the speed 减速
speed limit 限速
at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速
pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；付清；付清工资后解雇(作及物动词短语)
I believe all your efforts will definitely pay off.
The firm will be able to pay off its debts .
A third of the staff were paid off last week.
pay back 偿还；报答；报复(及物动词短语)
pay for 付钱
pay in cash 用现金支付
pay a visit to 参观；拜访
pay attention to 重视，注意
error n. 错误，差错
through trial and error 反复试验
wisdom n. 智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智
例句：经过反复试验，他们的坚持不懈最终有了回报。
wise adj. 明智的；聪明的；博学的
wisely adv. 明智地；聪明地；精明地
Through trial and error, their persistence finally paid off.
beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的
Reading benefits us a lot.
We benefit from reading a lot.
Reading is greatly beneficial to us .
Reading is of great benefit to us.
benefit n. 好处，利益
vt.&vi. 有益于, 受益
be beneficial to = be of benefit to 对...有益
for the benefit of = for one’s benefit 为...的利益
A benefits B A对B有益
例句：阅读对我们大有好处。
B benefits from A B从A中受益
conduct vt. & vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止
conduct a survey/an experiment 进行调查/实验
(了解)conduct sb around 带领
conduct oneself well/ badly （行为）表现好/差
(了解)conduct electricity 导电
conductor n. (乐队)指挥；售票员；列车长；导体
conductive adj. 能传导的
The team decided to conduct an experiment.
Water conducts heat faster than air.
illustrate vt. 说明，解释；加插图于
Let me give another example to illustrate this difficult point.
The book is illustrated by a famous painter.
illustration n. 说明；插图；例证；图解
illustrator n. 插图画家；说明者；图解者
illustrate sb’s point 为了阐述某人的观点
surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与...紧密相关
surround... with... 用...包围...
be surrounded by/with... 被...围绕(常省去be，在句中做状语或后置定语）
surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
surroundings n. 环境[pl.]（= environment）
surrouned
例：这个湖被许多树木环绕。
Many trees surround the lake.
The lake is surrounded with/by many trees.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, _______________ by his family.
indicate vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出 (后面常接名词或从句当宾语)
indication n. 暗示
indicator n. 标志；指示器
indicate sth to sb 向某人提及/暗示某事
The bell___________(indicate) the start of the class rang.
indicating
Our survey indicates that over 20 per cent of children are wearing glasses.
accident n. 意外，偶然的事[C,U]；事故，意外遭遇[C]
accidentally adv. 意外地；偶然地
by accident = by chance 偶然，意外地
(了解)a car/ road/ traffic accident 车祸；公路事故；交通事故
intelligent adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的
intelligence n. 智力；智能[U]
artificial intelligence 人工智能（AI）
favour (AmE favor) vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于
n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
(un) favourable adj. (不)赞同的；有利的
do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人一个忙
ask a favour of sb=ask sb a favour 请求某人帮忙
be in favour of 支持
in sb’s favour 对某人有利
e.g. The evidence is in his favor at the moment.
I am in favor of your proposal.
Can I ask you to do me a favour
politician n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者[C]
lightning n. 闪电[U]
politics n. 政治；政见
political adj. 政治的；政党的
electricity n. 电，电能 [U]
electronic adj. 电子的
electric adj. 电的，发电的，电动的
电子词典
发电
电力供应
electricity supply
electronic dictionary
produce / generate electricity
theory n. 学说，论[C,U]；原理[U]；看法，意见[C]
thunderstorm n. 雷雨，雷暴[C]
ribbon n. 带子，丝带[U,C]；带状物[C]
metal n. 金属[C,U]
theoretical adj. 理论的；理论上的
in theory 理论上
put theory into practice 将理论付诸实践
Your plan sounds fine in theory, but it is hard to put theory into practice.
charge vt.&vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使...承担责任；使充满
n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管
be in the charge of = in one’s charge 被掌管，由...负责
take charge of = be in charge of 负责，接管
charge sb with ( doing) sth = accuse sb of sth 指控某人（做了）某事
charge sb (some money) for sth 因某事而向某人收费
free of charge 免费
例句：他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
He took charge of the farm after his father's death. = He was in charge of the farm after his father's death. = The farm was in the charge of him after his father's death.
He was charged with breaking the law.
electric adj. 电的，发电的，电动的 (参考 electrtricity )
bang n. 突然的巨响[C]；猛敲，猛击[C]
vi.& vt. 砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞
with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
(了解)电风扇
电灯
电动汽车
electric fan
electric light
electric car
例句：晚会十分圆满。
The party went with a bang .
她的事业在2008年轰轰烈烈地开始了。
Her career began with a bang in 2008.
standout adj. 突出的
n. 突出的人(物)[C]
outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的；显著的，突出的
stand out 突出；杰出；站出来
stand for 代表，象征；支持；竞选
在最初的几轮中，汤姆和迪金森表现突出。
In the earlier rounds, Tom and Dickinson were the standouts.
atomic adj. 原子能的；原子的
bomb n. 炸弹[C]；核武器[sing.]
vt. 轰炸
evil n. 罪恶，罪行[U]；害处，坏处[C, sing.]
adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的
atomic energy 原子能
nuclear bomb
atomic bomb
set off a bomb
核弹
原子弹
引爆炸弹
e.g. Hundreds of bombs were dropped on the city.
The city was heavily bombed in the war.
speak evil of sb 说某人的坏话
evil deeds 恶行
involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加
involvement n. 参与[U]；投入,沉迷[U,C]
involve sb 牵涉到某人
involve sth/doing sth 包含某物/做某事
involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与（做）某事
be/get involved in 卷入...中；参与...中
The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.
我们相信为完成这项任务所需要投入努力是值得的。
We believe the efforts ___________________ the task are worthwhile.
有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。
There was a serious incident ________ a group of young people.
involved in completing
involving
scientific adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的
science n. 科学[U]
scientist n. 科学家[C]
scientifically adv. 系统地；合乎科学地
moral adj. 道德的;道义上的;品行端正的
n. 品行，道德[pl.]；寓意[C]
反义：immoral adj. 不道德的；邪恶的
morality n. 道德，品行；正当性
morally adv. 道德上；有道德地
moral sense 道德意识
moral standards 道德水平
credit n. 赞扬，认可[U]；信用[U]；学分[C]
vt. 存入金额；把...归于
on credit 赊账；以赊欠方式
to one’s credit 值得赞扬的是
be a credit to sb/sth 为某人/某事物争光
credit A to B 把A归功于B
discredit v. 败坏...的名声
n. 丢脸；名誉丧失
creditable adj. 声誉好的；值得称赞的
I can't take all the credit for the show's success—it was a team effort.
She bought the house on credit.
To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.
She is a credit to the school.
They credit the invention of the robot to the firm.
apply vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关
application n. 申请[C,U]；应用[U,C]
applicant n. 申请人[C]
apply (to sb) for... (向某人)申请...
apply to 适用于
apply... to... 把...应用于...；将...涂抹在...上
be applied to... 应用于...
apply oneself to 致力于，专心于(to为介词)
我想申请这项工作。
I want to _________ the job.
这个建议对我们不适用。
The suggestion does not _________ us.
他们可以更好地将理论运用到实践中去。
They can better ____________________.
这项新技术已应用于农业。
The new technology ____________ farming.
我们致力于寻求解决问题的办法。
We ________________ finding a solution to our problem.
apply for
apply to
apply theory to practice
was applied to
applied ourselves to
negate vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定
negation n. 否定，否认；拒绝
negative adj. 否定的；消极的
negatively adv. 否定地；消极地
Alcohol negates the effects of the drug.
酒精能使药物失效。
同义：pessimistic
反义：positive
optimistic
intellectual adj. 脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的
n. 知识分子，脑力劳动者[C]
intellectually adv. 理智地；智力上；与智力有关地
智力发展
intellectual development
mystery n. 神秘[U]；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品[C]
mysterious adj. 神秘的
...remain a mystery ...仍是个谜
let sb down 使某人失望
let in 让…进来；嵌入
let out 泄露；出租
let alone 更不用说
let go of sb/sth 放手，放开；摒弃
ignorance n. 无知[U]
as to 关于，至于
ignore vt. 忽视，不理睬 = overlook / neglect
ignorant adj. 无知的，无力的；不了解的
be ignorant of/about 不知道某事
be ignorant that... 不知道...
e.g. I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history.
近义词：as for , concerning , regarding
e.g. Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.
关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。
take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为...是理所当然
Many young people take it for granted that they spend their parents’ money.
许多年轻人认为花父母的钱是理所当然的。
Be more cautious about the things we take for granted.
对那些我们认为是理所当然的事情要更加注意。
take on 承担；呈现；雇用；穿上 take up 拿起；开始从事
take off 起飞；脱下；事业的腾飞 take charge of 接管，负责
take in 接受；理解；欺骗 take seriously 重视；认真对待…
freedom n. 自由[U,C]
authority n. 权威，权力[U]；官方[C,]
free adj. 免费的；自由的；空闲的
v. 释放；使解脱出来；使免于
freedom of speech
言论自由
have the freedom to do sth
有做某事的自由
with freedom
自由地
have the authority to do sth 有做某事的权力
local authority 地方当局；地方政权
in authority 掌权
permit vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能
n. 许可证[C]
permitting; permitted
permission n. 允许，许可[U]
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事
apply for a permit 申请许可证 ask for permission 请求允许
Time/weather/condition permitting(=If time/weather/condition permits )
时间/天气/条件允许的话
with/without (one’s) permission 得到/未经(某人的)允许
参观者请勿拍照。
Visitors are not permitted to take photos.
我们不允许在屋里吸烟。
We do not permit smoking in the room.
他必须申请一个许可证，而我们必须给他找一份工作。
He has to apply for a permit, and we have to find him a job.
天气许可的话，我明天过来。
Weather permitting (= if the weather permits), I'll come tomorrow .
他未经允许擅自使用了汽车。
He took the car without permission.
responsibility n. 责任，负责[U,C]；职责，义务[U,C]
a sense of responsibility 责任感
be responsible for 对 ...负责
take on responsibilities 承担责任
take/have/shoulder responsibility for... 对...负责任
(ir)responsible adj. (不)负责任的；(没)有责任心的
declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布；宣布；申报
declaration n. 宣告，公告[C,U]；宣布[C]
declare war on...
向... 宣战
declare for/against...
声明支持/反对...
e.g. They declared for the abolition of slavery.
Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914.
nationality n. 国籍[U,C]；民族[C]
put forward 提出，提议，建议
put forward a plan/a suggestion 提出计划/建议
put down 放下；镇压；写下 put away 收拾好；储存
put... into practice 实施，实行 put off 延期
put on 穿上；上演；假装;增加 put out 扑灭，使熄灭；生产
put up 举起；搭建；张贴；留...住宿 put up with 容忍
put aside 把...撇开不理，不考虑
evolution n. 进化[U]；演变，发展[U,C]
publish vt. 出版，发行；发表；公布
evolve v. 发展；进展；进化；逐步形成
evolutionary adj. 进化的；发展的
the theory of evolution
publisher n. 出版者
同义词： release 发布；公布
marriage n. 结婚，婚姻[C]；已婚状态[U]
marry v. 结婚；成婚；嫁；娶
(un)married adj. (未)已婚的
marriage ceremony
结婚仪式