2022年中考英语教案被动语态

初中英语教案被动语态
定义：表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
结构：主+be+v.（及物）过去分词+其他。
（注: be 有人称、时态和数的变化。）
主+情态动词+be +v. （及物）过去分词+其他。
eg. The bowl is broken by me.
eg. The bowl might be broken by my brother.
不同时态下的被动：
一般式 进行式 完成式
现在：am/is/are done am/is/are/ being done have/has been done
过去：was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来：shall/will be done / shall/will/have been done
用法：
强调动作的承受者。
eg. The apple was had by my brother.
淡化动作的执行者。
eg. The test will be held on Friday.(没必要指出动作的执行者）
当动作的执行者有较长的修饰语时
eg. The lecture will be made by Wu Yuan,who is good at English.
被动语态的各种句式：
肯：主+be+过去分词（+by…）
否：主+be+not+过去分词（+by…）
一问：Be+主语+过去分词（+by…）？
Was the apple(s) had by your brother
Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. / Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t.
特问：特殊疑问词+be+(主语）+过去分词（+by…）
What is this soup made of
Who was asked to clean our classroom
注：谓语含有情态动词的否定句是在情态动词后加not，疑问句则直接把情态动词提到主语之前。
eg. These books mustn’t be lent to others
What should be done to make a progress
主动与被动的转换
主动变被动，主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语；主动句的谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”式，主动句的主语变为被动句的by…短句中的宾语，人称代词主格要改为宾格。
I cook the fish for my mom.
-The fish was cooked for my mom by me.
No one can beaten Zhang Ming at basketball.
-Zhang Ming can not be beaten at basketball by anyone.
可有两种转化方法的情况：句子谓语是双宾语及物动词，将间接宾语或将直接宾语转化为句子主语均可。
They gave the children many good books.
The children were given many good books by them.(间宾变主语）
Many good books were given to the children by them.(直宾变主语）
注：① 有些及物动词，如give, send, take, bring, get 等变为被动语态时，被保留的间接宾语前通常加to。
They give the visitors a warm welcome.
A warm welcome was given to the visitors by them.
② 有些及物动词，如：buy, make, find, get等，变为被动语态时，被保留的间接宾语前通常加for。
eg. Mother has bought me a computer.
A computer has been bought for me by Mother.
只有一种转化方法的情况：
并非所有的双宾语及物动词在变成被动语态时，都可以将宾语转化为被动句主语。
eg. She wrote Wu Yuan a long letter.
Wu Yuan was written a long letter by her. ×
A long letter was written to Wu Yuan by her. √
宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语。
eg. He told me when the movie would start.
When the movie would start was told to me by him. ×
I was told when the movie would start by him. √
S+ V+O+C 句式变成被动语态
①主动句中主谓宾按照规则变化，但相应成为宾语补足语。
Eg. We have made the empty land a playground.
The empty land has been made a playground by us.
②带有形式宾语it 的句子也可变为被动句。
We consider it wrong to shout at the children who make mistakes.
It is consider wrong to shout at the children who make mistakes.
③用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动语态时不定式要加上to(let)除外。
We saw a stranger enter the hall.
A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us.
被动语态的注意事项
不可转换为被动句的主动句
①谓语动词为某些状态动词时
主动句中的谓语动词是表示状态的词，如have, own, possess(具有），want(缺乏）等时，不可转换为被动句。
Eg. We don’t own our flat.----we rent it.
She has blue eyes.
②有时受宾语的限制不能转变为被动语态。
宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。
You should help each other whatever happens.
当宾语是主与身体的一部分时。
He shook his head from time to time when questioned about his family.
宾语是V-ing形式或不定式时。
Zhang Ming enjoys listening to music.
You wish to be number one .
由“动词+名词”构成的英语习语一般不可变为被动语态。
The boy often makes a face at class.
宾语是同源宾语时。
The girl dreamed a sweet dream.
当宾语是表示地点、处所、组织或机构等的名称的名词时。
这类宾语前面的动词有leave,enter,join等，但谓语动词是jump(跳过）时除外。
The car left the road and hit a tree.
The fence was jumped by one horse after another.
主动表被动
连系动词的主动形式表被动，如：smell, taste, feel, sound, prove等。
It tastes delicious.
She proves very patient and warm-hearted.
有些不及物动词可用主动形式表达被动意义。
表示主语特征、状态的动词，如：look, shut, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw, cut等，特别是后加副词well, easily等修饰时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
Our classroom cleans very easily.
His book does not sell well.
某些表示“发生（happen, take place,occur)”“爆发(break out、burst out)”或传播（spread)”的不及物动词。
The news that a Zhang Jie give a show spread quickly.
某些不定式可用主动形式表示被动意义。
当 nice，easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting 等形容词后跟不定式作状语，形容词说明不定式的特征或性质而且句子的主语又是不定式的逻辑宾语时。
The question is easy to answer.
不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和修饰名词之间有动宾关系，且与做主语的名词或代词有主谓关系时。
I have a lot of work to do today.
There be 句型中，当不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义区别。
There is a lot of homework to do / to be done.
表示“需要”的need, want, require等词的后面，V-ing形式用主动表示被动意义, 其含义相当于不定式的被动形式。
The house needs requiring / to be required.
worth 后面跟V-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。(be worth doing sth)
The movie is worth seeing again.
被动语态与be done 系表结构的区别。
被动语态表动作，系表结构表结构或情况。
Trees are planted in our city every year. (被动）
The bookstore is opened 24 hours a day. （系表）
被动语态可用进行时，系表结构常用一般现在时、完成时态。
The plan is being carried out. （被动）
Many kinds of art have been lost in the world. (系表）
被动语态一般由by …说明动作的执行者，而系表结构常与其他介词短语搭配使用。
We were attracted by your show.
被动语态常用greatly 等词修饰，而系表结构常由very、quite、too、so等词修饰。
I was greatly inspired by Wu Yuan.
I am very interested in English.