2022年中考英语二轮复习现在完成时教案

初中英语教案现在完成时
一、现在完成时的结构：
主语＋助动词have/has＋动词过去分词＋其他部分
I have already read this book. 我已经读了这本书。
He has already read this book. 他已经读了这本书。
二、现在完成时的用法：★★★★★
1.强调过去的动作对现在的影响：
表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响。常与yet、already、now、by this time、so far等时间状语连用。
eg：—Have you had lunch yet 你吃午饭了吗
—Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，我已经吃过了。(现在我不饿了)
注意1：第一个have是助动词，had是动词have “吃” 的过去分词。
注意2：现在完成时强调的时间点是现在，因此它不能与明确表示过去时间的ago、last night、just now、in 2013等词语连用，但是可以和before、recently、lately等过去时间点不明确的词语连用。
2.表示从过去到现在经历过的事情：
表示自过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历，常与often，never，ever，only，twice，before，since等时间状语连用。
eg：I have never seen such fine pictures before.
How many times have you ever been to Hefei
3.表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在：
表示动作或行为在过去发生，但一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。常与“since＋时间点”、“for＋时间段”等表示一段时间的时间状语连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。
eg：Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.
Uncle Wang has worked in the factory for ten years.
注意：在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，需要将非延续性动词转化为相应的延续性动词或者状态动词(动词的形容词形式)。
eg：He has married for ten years. ( )
He has been married for ten years. ( )
【非延续性动词转为延续性动词】
非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词
come be come to be in / at
go out be out leave be away
begin be on stop be over
buy have borrow keep
open be open close be closed
join be a member of die be dead
catch a cold have a cold get to know know
fall asleep be asleep marry be married
4. already与yet的用法：
(1) already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，放在助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前；yet常用于疑问句，并置于句末。
eg：He has already seen this film.
Has he seen this film yet
(2)yet用于否定句，意为“还(没)，尚(未)”，通常位于句末。
eg：I haven’t seen this film yet.
(3)在现在完成时的句子中，含有already的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时，already改为yet，并放在句末。
eg：I have already finished reading the book.
Have you finished reading the book yet
5.have/has gone to和have/has been to的区别：
(1) have/has gone to表示“到某地去了”，动作的执行者不在说话者这里，即“去而未归”。
(2) have/has been to表示“去过某地”，是回来之后再谈论去过某地的情况，常与表示次数的时间状语连用，即“去已归来”。
eg：—Hello, may I speak to Zhang Jun
—Oh, sorry！He has gone to Hefei.
注意：have been in表示“在某地待了多长时间”。
【现在完成时用法口诀】
事情发生在过去，必然和现在有联系；
过去某时已开始，直到现在还持续。
三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：★★★
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday、last night、three days ago、in 2012等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和上述表示过去的时间状语连用。
eg：I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容)
I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。(只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况)
总结：动作或状态发生在过去，其作用仅影响过去，用一般过去时。
动作或状态发生在过去，其作用影响到现在，用现在完成时。
四、动词过去分词的变化规则：
(一)规则变化
1.直接在动词后加ed
work — worked look — looked
2.以不发音e结尾的动词直接加d
smile — smiled write — writed
3.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，将y变为i再加ed。
study — studied try — tried
4.重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(r、y、x除外)，双写尾字母再加ed，通常为“辅＋元＋辅”结构。
stop — stopped swim — swimmed
(二)不规则变化
go — went — gone，be — was/were — been，have — had — had
know — knew — known，show — showed — shown，run — ran — run
五、现在完成时的句型变换：
1.肯定句：I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。
He has already finished his homework.
2.否定句：在助动词have/has后面加not
eg：I have already not finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。
He has already not finished his homework.
注意1：have not可缩写为haven’t；has not可缩写为hasn’t。
注意2：当have/has not出现时，动词不要变为原形。
3.一般疑问句：将助动词have/has提到句首。
eg：I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。
Have I already finished my homework ( )
Have you already finished my homework ( )
肯定回答：Yes，I have. 否定回答：No，I have not.
注意1：当主语为第一人称I或We变一般疑问句时，要将I或We变为you。
注意2：简略回答时，所有称呼要简化为人称代词：I，we，you，he，she，it，they。
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋剩下的一般疑问句
现在进行时的特殊疑问句结构：
特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋动词过去分词(＋其它部分)
eg1：I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。
Have you already finished your homework 你已经完成作业了吗 (可省略)
What have you already done 你已经完成了什么
注意：当对动作(做的事情)进行提问时，切记动作要写为done。
课堂练习：
1. Prison Break is the best American TV that I these days.
A. watch B. will watch C. have watched D. was watching
2. —Are you going to the party
—No，because I .
A. have asked B. haven't asked C. have been asked D. haven't been asked
3. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However he yet.
A. didn't arrive B. doesn't arrive C. isn't arriving D. hasn't arrived
4. I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it a lot over the years.
A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed
5.新冠肺炎(Covid-19)已经造成了巨大的经济损失。
6.我已经在北京住了十年。
7. The bus of my uncle has already been taken away.