备战2022年中考（外研版初中英语）-广西北部湾经济区冲刺专项练习一-名词

专题一 名 词
命题点1 名词词义辨析（必考：2~3道）
中考解读：广西北部湾经济区中考主要在单项选择和完形填空中考查名词词义辨析，旨在检测考生在具体且有意义的语境中运用目标词汇的能力。
解题技巧：解答名词词义辨析类试题的关键是读懂语境，理解词义。
1. —The air is very fresh in our city. There is less ________ than before.
—Yes. The government has taken action to protect the environment.
A. wood B. pollution C. noise D. water
2. The number of the people using Huawei ________ is getting larger and larger.
A. cultures B. customers
C. products D. histories
3. It's not a good ________ for students to go online just for answers to homework.
A. skill B. game C. hobby D. habit
4. My cousin and I often walk to the________ to see pandas on weekends.
A. bank B. zoo C. market D. hospital
5. Betty has a beautiful________. She wants to be a singer in the future.
A. voice B. look C. noise D. sound
6. —Oh, my dear! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do
—I'm afraid that we have no ________ but to take a taxi.
A. idea B. decision C. reason D. choice
7. To keep our city beautiful, the ________ are always very busy in the streets.
A. policemen B. cleaners
C. drivers D. teachers
8. —This restaurant is always full of people.
—Yes, that's because it provides very good ________ and the food is delicious.
A. service B. danger C. ground D. metal
9. —Is it true that some colors can make us feel relaxed
—Yes. Colors do have the________ to change our feelings and moods.
A. secret B. idea C. power D. experience
10. We went to the ________ last night. The film was so funny.
A. museum B. bank C. cinema D. park
11. We usually clean our classroom in ________. Sometimes, we help each other.
A. half B. turn C. rest D. magic
12. Mary does well in drawing. She plans to have a(n)________ show in her school.
A. music B. maths C. art D. science
13. I think a healthy body is the greatest________. We can do nothing without it.
A. wealth B. doubt C. light D. excuse
14. Don't look up each new word in the ________ while reading. You can guess its meaning first.
A. menu B. dictionary 　　 C. list D. map
13. I think a healthy body is the greatest________. We can do nothing without it.
A. wealth B. doubt C. light D. excuse
14. Don't look up each new word in the ________ while reading. You can guess its meaning first.
A. menu B. dictionary 　　 C. list D. map
17. There is no________ that Ni Dahong is a good actor. We all like him very much.
A. health B. doubt 　　 C. dream D. space
18. —What's the last ________ of a year
—December. I like going skating at that time.
A. minute B. hour 　　 C. month D. season
19. Everyone should take________ in his own country. I'm very proud of being a Chinese.
A. cost B. pride 　　 C. time D. value
20. Some people ride bikes to go to work. They want to reduce________ pollution.
A. water B. air 　　 C. soil D. light
命题点2 名词的数 (2019.81，2018.84)
中考解读：名词的数在近4年广西北部湾经济区考查较少。
解题技巧：针对此类试题，考生应判断是考查可数名词复数还是不可数名词。如果是可数名词，还要判定用单数还是用复数。
1. 辨别空格前的修饰语
(1)只修饰可数名词的修饰语：
few 很少，几乎没有　　 a few 一些；几个
several 几个 different 不同的
a couple of 两个 many(a) 很多
a (great/large) number of 若干；许多
(2)只修饰不可数名词的修饰语：
little 很少，几乎没有 a little 一点儿；少量 much 很多
a good/great deal of 很多 a large amount of 大量的
(3)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语：
some 一些 a lot of 很多 lots of 很多 plenty of 充足的
most 大多数的 all 全部的 the rest of 剩下的
2.判定所给名词是可数名词还是不可数名词
类别 特点
可数名词 ①有单数和复数两种形式，如：desk→desks。 ②前面可用基数词、不定冠词 (a/an)及many 等词修饰，如：three boys, an apple, many students。
类别 特点
不可数名词 ①没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。物质名词、专有名词及抽象名词为不可数名词，如：tea, Tian'anmen Square, courage。 ②前面可用 much, little 等词修饰，不可以被基数词或不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰；若表示数量，可用量词来修饰、限定，如：a piece of paper, two cups of tea。
3. 判定可数名词用单数还是复数
名词用单数还是复数取决于物体是单个还是多个，如果只有一个就用单数，若是多个就用复数。具体情况如下：
(1)填单数形式的判定方法：
①a/an/this/that/every/each/another/either/one/序数词/any other＋可数名词单数；
②可数名词单数＋be动词单数形式/谓语动词的单三形式；
③结合上下文语境或者句中对应的提示词，如：it, its 等；
④用于某些固定短语或搭配、专有名词中，如：the Great Wall 等。
(2)填复数形式的判定方法：
①these/those/不定代词(many/some/several/few/a few/both/all/other等)/大于1的基数词/one of(＋形容词最高级)/many a/quite a few/a pair of/a couple of/a (great/large) number of/different kinds of/all kinds of＋可数名词复数；
②可数名词复数＋and＋可数名词复数；
③可数名词复数＋be 动词的复数形式/谓语动词原形；
④结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词，如：them, their；
⑤通常用复数或只有复数形式的名词：chopsticks 筷子，clothes 衣服，glasses 眼镜，scissors 剪刀，socks 袜子，trousers 裤子。
可数名词单数变复数的规则变化表
构成方法 举例
一般情况加s star→stars； gift→gifts； invention→inventions
以字母 s, x, sh, ch结尾的词加 es class→classes； box→boxes； brush→brushes；watch→watches 特例：stomach→stomachs
构成方法 举例
以 f 或 fe 结尾的词变 f 或fe 为 v 再加es leaf→leaves； knife→knives； shelf→shelves； wife→wives 特例：roof→roofs；proof→proofs；belief→beliefs
以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词先变 y 为 i，再加es party→parties； baby→babies； story→stories； family→families
构成方法 举例
以元音字母加 y 结尾的词加s key→keys；holiday→holidays; monkey→monkeys
以 ce, se, ze, ge 等结尾的加s face→faces；license→licenses；prize→prizes；orange→oranges
以 o 结尾有生命的加 es, 无生命的加s tomato→tomatoes；hero→heroes；potato→potatoes；photo→photos；piano→pianos
可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化表
构成方法 举例
改变元音字母 man→men； woman→women 特例：German→Germans; human→humans
foot→feet； tooth→teeth； 特例：boot→boots
构成方法 举例
单复数同形 sheep→sheep； deer→deer； Chinese→Chinese； Japanese→Japanese
其他形式 mouse→mice； child→children
初中常见的不可数名词
类别 举例
抽象 名词 概念 advice 劝告；建议 environment 环境 help 帮助 homework 家庭作业 information 信息；消息　 luck 幸运；运气 knowledge 知识；学问 peace 和平 space 太空；空间 trouble 问题；苦恼
类别 举例
抽象 名词 学科 chemistry 化学　geography 地理 math 数学　 physics 物理
情感 friendship 友谊　fun 开心；娱乐 joy 欢乐；乐趣　
类别 举例
物质 名词 材料 cotton 棉；棉花　　gold 金子；金币 plastic 塑料；塑胶　　 silk 丝绸；丝织物
饮食 milk 牛奶　 water 水　 soup 汤 tea 茶 juice 果汁　 coffee 咖啡 wine 酒　 food 食物 bread 面包 cheese 奶酪 beef 牛肉　 meat 肉 porridge 粥 rice 米　 salt 盐 sugar 糖
类别 举例
物质名词 自然 物体 air 空气　 ice 冰　fire 火 grass 草；草地　 sand 沙子　 soil 土壤 wind 风　 light 光；光线；光亮　 oil 油；食用油；石油 temperature 温度；气温；体温 weather 天气　 rain 雨　 snow雪
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁
experience 经历 经验 paper 试卷，论文 纸
exercise 练习 锻炼 radio 收音机 无线电
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
iron 熨斗 铁 time 次数，倍数 时间
life 生命 生活 wood 树林 木头，木材
light 电灯 光，光线 work 作品 工作
既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词
集合名词
集合名词常分为以下两类：
1. 形式为单数， 但意义可以为单数或复数， 如：family, team, group, class, government, army, audience 等。当它们作主语时， 如果强调一个整体， 谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调集体中的每一个成员， 谓语动词用复数形式。
2. 形式为单数， 但意义永远为复数。如：people, police 等， 这类词只有单数形式， 但表示复数意义，不与 a/an 连用， 可与 the 连用，谓语动词用复数形式。
考点小测：
21. I'd like some ________ and ______．
A. banana; tomato B. bananas; tomato
C. bananas; tomatoes D. banana; tomatoes
22. —Can I help you, Madam
—Yes.________， please.
A. Two pair of socks B. Two pairs of socks
C. Two pairs of sock D. Two pair of sock
23. Americans always use ________ to have meals while Chinese use chopsticks.
A. knife B. bowl C. forks D. paper
24. —Would you like some ________？
—No, thanks. I'm not hungry at all.
A. bread B. milk C. juice D. dumpling
25. All the students in this class love Mr. Chen. He is very kind and has much teaching ________．
A. experiences B. experience
C. experiment D. experiments
26. The passage gives us lots of wonderful ________ on how to learn English well.
A. suggestion B. advice
C. decision D. advantages
27. There are two beautiful ________ in the picture.
A. womans B. women C. woman D. womens
28. I like ________. They are my favourite fruit.
A. candy B. candies C. pear D. pears
29. Nowadays we can learn a great deal of ________ about the world through the Internet.
A. information B. books C. people D. countries
30. —What ________ do you like
—I like playing tennis and running.
A. subjects B. subject C. sports D. sport
31. There are some ________ on the wall of the classroom.
A. picture B. desks C. pictures D. desk
32. When the wind blows, ________ fly from trees.
A. leaf B. fruit C. leaves D. bird
33. The broken ________ may hurt your hand if you touch it, so you must be careful.
A. glass B. silk C. candle D. eraser
34. —Kelly, you are chosen to give a speech in tomorrow's meeting.
—What good________ you've given me! Thanks a lot.
A. news B. advice C. plans D. questions
35. My younger brother likes eating ________ very much. But I never eat them because I think they are bad for my health.
A. apples B. hamburgers
C. chocolate D. rice
命题点3 名词所有格 (2018.38)
中考解读：近 4 年广西北部湾经济区只在 2018年单项选择中考查了名词所有格。一般其考查点共有两个角度：①'s 所有格 (2018.38)；②双重所有格。
解题技巧：解答此类试题时，考生应先分析题干和选项，如果空格后是名词，且空格处和空格后名词为一种所属关系或空格处所填词是表示时间、距离、国家等无生命的名词，则判定考查名词所有格；如果有涉及所有格的选项，则可以判断本题考查名词所有格。名词所有格表示所属关系，常译为“……的”。
's所有格 (2018.38)
类别 构成方法 示例
有生命的单数名词 加's my son's pen 我儿子的钢笔 Lily's friends 莉莉的朋友
有生命的复数名词 以 s 结尾加' the teachers' office 老师们的办公室
不以 s 结尾加's women's work 妇女的工作
类别 构成方法 示例
表示时间、距离、国家等的名词 单数加's an hour's walk 步行一小时的路程 China's products 中国的产品
复数加' five minutes' walk 步行五分钟的路程
类别 构成方法 示例
表示几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加's Tom and Jim's room 汤姆和吉姆共同的房间
表示每个人各自拥有 在每个名词后加's Mike's and John's desks 迈克和约翰各自的书桌
通常用来表示无生命事物的名词的
of 所有格
所属关系，其形式为：名词＋of＋名词。如：the door of the room 房门
双重所有格
双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式：
①of＋名词's，如：a friend of my father's 我父亲的一个朋友
②of＋名词性物主代词，如：a book of mine 我的一本书
36. (2018北部湾经济区38题) The woman in a hat is ________ aunt.
A. Jack and John B. Jack's and John
C. Jack's and John's D. Jack and John's
37. You know it's ________ Day today. She has received a dozen of roses from her husband.
A. Woman B. Women C. Woman's D. Women's
38. If I leave my house at 9 o'clock and drive to the airport, I'll arrive at about 11. So it's about two ________ drive from my house to the airport.
A. hours B. hour's C. hours' D. hour
39. The police saved three ________ lives in the accident.
A. child B. child's
C. children D. children's
40. Uncle Wang is an excellent engineer. He is a friend of ________．
A. my father' B. my father’s C. my fathers D. my fathers'
41. The woman wearing a pair of glasses is ________．
A. Lily and Lucy's mother
B. Lily's and Lucy's mother
C. Lily's and Lucy's mothers
D. Lily and Lucy's mothers
42. Today is September 10th. It's ________ Day. Let's say “Thank you” to our teachers.
A. Teacher's B. the Teachers'
C. Teachers D. Teachers'
43. The online shop sells ________ shoes at very low prices.
A. child and men's B. children and men's
C. children's and men D. children's and men's
44. —How far is your home from the train station
—It's about 20 ________ walk.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute's D. minutes'
45. Knowledge can help open up the ________ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.
A. students' B. student's
C. students D. student
命题点4 名词填空—针对单词拼写
中考解读：广西北部湾经济区近 4 年在单词拼写题型中对名词共考查 8次，每年考查 2 道，且题位比较固定，2019，2018，2017 年都在 76 题和 80 题考查；2020 年在 76 题和 78 题考查。所考词汇均不变形，且抽象名词考查固定搭配居多(如：2018.80：in the corner of；2017.80：at a height of )。单词拼写题干相对比较简单，具体的解题方法可分为以下两种情况：
解题技巧：
1. 若所给汉语提示为明显的名词
考生只需根据修饰词、固定结构等考虑所填词汇即可。
2. 若所给汉语提示具备两种词性
考生首先要结合句子结构或语境判断空处是否填名词，在判断的过程中需要注意以下 8 点：
(1)位于句首，在句中作主语。如：English is my favourite subject. 英语是我最喜欢的科目。
(2)位于动词或介词后作宾语。如：She usually goes to school by bike. 她通常骑自行车去上学。
(3)位于形容词后。如：He was the most important person on the island. 他是岛上最重要的人。
(4)位于限定词 this, these, those, many, some, any, a lot of, every 等后。如：This sweater feels soft. 这件毛衣摸起来很柔软。
(5)位于数词后。如：I am the first son in my family. 我是家里的长子。
(6)位于系动词后作表语。如：Lucy and Tom are students．露西和汤姆是学生。
(7)位于冠词后。如：She is a dancer．她是一名舞蹈家。
(8)位于形容词性物主代词后。如：His sister is good at playing the violin.他的姐姐/妹妹擅长拉小提琴。
考点小测：
46. In ________ (春天), flowers come out and grass turns green.
47. Try to keep calm when you are in ________ (危险).
48. I have a good ________ (记忆). I can remember all of the new words.
49. It is good for our health to eat more ________ (水果) and vegetables.
50. In most countries, Thanksgiving is always on the fourth __________ (星期四) in November.
51. John, your ________ (卧室) is so dirty, remember to tidy it up.
52. You mustn't go across the street when the ________ (交通) lights are red.
53. My father and Uncle Wang have been good friends for many years, and their ________ (友谊) is very strong.
54. A well- trained math ________ (教师) can bring a classroom to life.
55. I went to the beach yesterday, and I had fun playing with ________ (沙子)．
56. If you can't work out the problem, you can ask your teacher for ________ (帮助)．
57. As is known to us all, knowledge can help our ________ (国家) develop quickly.
58. I want to search for the secrets of the ________ (宇宙) when I grow up.
59. He called the ________ (警察)because his neighbor's party was too noisy.
60. This pink ________ (毛衣) is much cheaper than that blue one, so Kate's mother will buy the pink one.
命题点5 用所给名词的适当形式填空——针对词形变换
中考解读：广西北部湾经济区近4年词形变换中考查名词的情况分为四种：①填原形；②填复数形式；③填名词所有格；④填形容词。
解题技巧：解答此类试题时，重点是要分析句子成分，根据空格前后的词、句子前后关系及所填词的可数与不可数来确定要填何种形式。
1. 填原形
(1)不可数名词：
①根据上下文语境判断。
②固定搭配。如：
—What was Linda doing at that time
—Oh, she was going for a walk (walk).
(2)可数名词单数：
①a/an/one/this＋可数名词单数。
②根据上下文语境判断。
2. 填复数
(1)固定句型：one of＋the (＋形容词最高级)＋可数名词复数。如：one of the national heroes (hero) (2018.84)；
(2)some/many/several/these/those/few/a few/＋可数名词复数。如：some books (book); a few mistakes (mistake)；
(3)more and more＋可数名词复数。如：more and more children (child)；
(4)大于1的基数词＋可数名词复数。如：two cakes (cake)；
(5)a pair of/all kinds of＋可数名词复数。如：all kinds of activities (activity)；
(6)可数名词复数＋and＋可数名词复数。如：knives (knife) and forks (fork)；
(7)所跟谓语动词为复数。如：
—Do you like to go climbing at the weekend
—No. I like dancing and painting. They are my hobbies(hobby).
(可数名词单数变复数的规则变化表详见本专题 命题点2)
3. 填所有格
如果空格后是名词，则考虑填形容词或名词所有格，再结合语境，如果表示一种所属关系，则用名词所有格。
(1)名词所有格＋名词。如：one and a half hours' (hour) time
(2)固定搭配。如：ten minutes' (minute) walk
(3)专有名词：如：Women's (woman) Day
(更多名词所有格讲解详见本专题 命题点3)
4. 填形容词
(1)空后为名词，空处填形容词作定语。如：
William Shakespeare is a successful (success) English writer of plays and poems.
(2)空前为 be 动词或感官动词。如：
It's sunny (sun) today.
We Chinese feel very proud (pride) of China's astronauts.
(3)固定句型：It is＋形容词＋to do sth.。如：
It is natural (nature) to forget new words when you are learning languages.
n.＋y(含双写n加y) sleep→sleepy (2017.81)　cloud→cloudy sun→sunny fun→funny luck→lucky health→healthy
n.＋ful(含变y为i加ful) success→successful　　 care→careful beauty→beautiful
常考的名词变换为形容词的形式
n.＋ese或(a)n Africa→African　 　 America→American India→Indian Australia→Australian Europe→European Japan→Japanese (注意：Canada→Canadian China→Chinese England→English)
n.＋al (含去e加al) nature→natural　　 nation→national culture→cultural
n.＋ly friend→friendly　 　love→lovely live→lively
特殊变形 pride→proud
考点小测：
61. I like autumn best especially when the ________ (leaf) on the trees turn brown.
62. Many _________ (volunteer) often come to the countryside to help the poor.
63. He asked for a ________ (week) leave to look after his sick father.
64. During the World War Ⅱ， millions of __________ (German) lost their lives.
65. Leo got two movie ________ (ticket), so he invited Jim to the cinema.
66. Look! There are so many ________ (sheep) eating grass on the grassland.
67. The factory is not supposed to pour the dirty water into the river. It's ________ (harm) to people's health.
68. Children are asked to wash their ________ (hand) before meals.
69. You'd better brush your ________ (tooth) carefully so as to avoid toothache.
70. Taking part in school activities can help students develop ________ (difference) hobbies.
71. Taking ________ (photo) can save the valuable moments of the past.
72. Nancy spent a few ________ (month) in the countryside. It has been the most pleasant time that she can remember.
73. It is so ________ (luck) of you to get your lost wallet back.
74. Check your ________ (answer) on the next page after you work out the questions.
75. Both my brother and I are looking forward to the trip to Guilin. The scenery there is very ________ (beauty).
76. Mark is very helpful. He often fixes up ________ (people) broken bikes for free.
77. My aunt has been married for five years and now she has a _______ (love) daughter.
78. It's ________ (sun) now. What about going swimming
79. When they felt ________ (help) after the flood, the charity offered them food and clothes.
80. Tom kept ________ (silence) about what had happened the day before.