课件29张PPT。Unit 4Discovering useful structuresGlobal warming Compare the two sentences below. Human activity has caused this global warming.
2. It is human activity that has caused this global warming.The meaning are the same in the two sentences. “It” has been used in the second sentence to give extra importance to “human activity”. Two more sentences in which “it” is used
for emphasis in the article.1. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
2. … it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.The use of “it” (2)The Use of “it” for Emphasis结构
It is (was) + 所强调的成分 (主语/宾语/状
语) +that
（it在这种句型中本身无实际意义）
注意：
1. 除谓语动词以外的成分都可用于强调句
中;
2. 如原句时态为现在时或将来时，则be
用 is, 如原句时态为过去时,则 be用 was;
3. 当被强调部分为人，引导词还可以用
who即: It is (was) + 所强调的成分 +who原句：Mary did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：
It was Mary that / who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：
It was the experiment that Mary did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间：
It was yesterday evening that Mary did the experiment in the lab.
(注意不用when)
强调地点：
It was in the lab that Mary did the experiment yesterday evening.
(注意不用where) 一般疑问句的强调句型：
Is / Was +it +被强调的部分 + that / who + 其余部分?
特殊疑问句的强调句型：
被强调部分 (通常是疑问代词或疑问副词) +is / was + it + that / who +其余部分?原句为特殊问句: How did he come here?
强调how:
How was it that he came here?
原句为特殊问句: Why did he came late?
强调why:
Why was it that he came late? 1. 我是在街上遇见她的父亲的。(强调在街上)
2. 你是8点开始工作的吗？（强调时间）
3. 正是因为她病了，他们才没叫她做这项工作。
4. 他为什么不能回答这个问题？It was in the street that I met her father.Was it at eight o’clock that you began to work?It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.Why was it that he couldn’t answer the question？ 判断是否是强调句，可把 It is / was …that去
掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是
一个完整的句子，那么这个句子是强调句。
It was in the street that I met her father.
→In the street I met her father.
It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.
→Because she was ill, they didn’t ask her to do the job.not ... until ... 的强调形式是：It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... ，主要用于强调时间状语的强调句型。
I didn't realize she was a famous film star
until she took off her dark glasses.
→ Not until she took off her dark glasses did I
realize she was a famous film star.
→ It was not until she took off her dark
glasses that I realized she was a famous film
star.not ... until ... 的强调形式原句: He didn’t come until 7 o’clock.
强调not... until:
It was not until 7 o’clock that he came. 谓语谓语的强调方式：
do / does / did + 动词原形
我的确相信他是个诚实的人。
I do believe that he is an honest man.
他们昨天的确去看过你，但没见到你。
They did go to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you. 谓语谓语的强调方式 “What +从句+ is / was …”是名词性从句结构，常用来强调主语或宾语。
他最希望的是成为一名飞行员。What he wishes most is to become a pilot. What +从句+ is / was …
What interested me most was the beautiful scenery.
给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样。
What encouraged us was the example he set for us.
使我最感兴趣的是那美丽的风景。 Rewrite each sentence with It is … that /who …
to give more emphasis to the underlined part.
(page 29)It is scientists who warned that greenhouse gases would warm the earth by trapping heat energy in the atmosphere.
It is the greenhouse effect that gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15oC.
It is fossil fuels that much of the energy used to light and heat our homes comes from.
It is the developed countries that consume the most energy in the world.It is for centuries that carbon dioxide has the tendency to stay in the atmosphere while other greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere only for a day or less.
It is their very existence that low – lying countries feel is in danger from rising sea levels.
It is environmentalists who have tried to stop the earth’s temperature rising.It is future climate changes and their effects on our environment that scientists want to find out about .
It is by several metres that the level of the sea could rise in the years ahead because of global warming.
It is outer space that might provide us with new energy sources in the future.More exercises
1. It was ___ he said ____disappointed me.
A. what ; that B. that; that
C. what; what D. that; what 2. It was the training _____ he had as a young man ____made him such a famous writer.
A. when; that B. that; when
C. that; who D. that; thatAD4. _____ on Monday night that all this happened?
A. Is it B. It is C. Was it D. It was
5. It was _____ the old worker came that we _____ the experiment.
A. until; didn’t begin B. not until; began
C. until; began
D. not until; didn’t begin
6. It is I ____ singing in the garden.
A. who are B. who is
C. that am D. that isCBC7. ---Why didn’t you answer when I spoke to you in the street this morning?
--- I ___ but you didn’t hear me.
A. did answer B. didn’t want to answer
C. couldn’t answer D. was too busy
8. It is in the west of China _____ there is no doubt _____it is going to rain tomorrow.
A. where; whether B. that; that
C. that; whether D. where; that
9. It was 1969 ___ the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. when C. on which D. whichABA10. It was _____ he did ______ worried me.
A. what; that B. that; what
C. that; when ???? D. what; when
11. — Was it because your car broke down ???? on the way ______ you were late?
—Yes.
A. when B. that C. how D. why AB12. — How was ______ they traveled?
— By ship.
A. that when B. it when ????C. it that D. that that
13. It was in the library _____ I
encountered one of my former classmates
last Sunday.
A. which B. where ?? C. how D. that CD14. Was it at the cinema ____ you lost ???? your keys?
A. that B. which ???? C. where D. when
15. It was the practice ____ he got abroad
_____ made him a good English
speaker.
A. what; that B. that; what ????C. that; which D. /; thatAD1. It was about 600 years ago ______ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
2. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. so高考链接AB3. It is these poisonous products ______ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
4. Why! I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say?
A. What is it that B. What it is that
C. How is it that D. How it is that
BA5. It was ______ back home after the
experiment. (NMET 湖北)
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go
6. It was with great joy ___ he received the
news that his lost daughter had been
found. (NMET 福建)
A. because B. which C. since D. thatCDHomework Review the use of “it” and finish exercises 1-2 on page 64.
Preview the reading passage on page 30.课件38张PPT。Unit 4Useful words and expressionsGlobal warmingRead and say the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.1. …is due to the burning of fossil fuels like
coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.
2. All aircraft must fuel before flight.
3. The fire soon warmed the room.
4. The day was warm and cloudless.
5. It means that more heat energy tends to
be trapped in the atmosphere …
6. You’d better tend to your own affairs. 7. The current trend is towards informal
clothing. 8. The road trends to the north.
9. Ice is water in a solid state.
10. The witness stated that she had never
seen Mr. Smith.
11. I subscribed my name to the document.
12. He subscribed a large sum to the local
charity.
13. I subscribed to several magazines. Useful words and expressionsMake a list of the things that consume energy
in your home, …consume v. 消耗，花费；吃完
Each year Americans consume a high percentage of the world’s energy.
She consumed most of her time in reading.
The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 2. … but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. compared to 相当于compared with，表示“与……相比”
Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right. My handwriting can not be compared with my father’s. compare…to… 表示“把……比做……”,
是异类相比 Man’s life is often compared do a candle. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.compared to / with “与……相比”, 常作状语
Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very fortunate.2. How has this come about and does it
matter?come about “发生，造成” , 相当于happen
When Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about. I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. Do you know how the air accident came about? come 的常用短语come up 上升，靠近，升职，提及
come out 出现，显露，出版，发表，结果是
come up with 提出，想出
come to 总计；苏醒；复原
come across 碰到，遇到，无意中发现
come down下降，潦倒，流传
come along 一道走
come through 经历，脱险，安然度过
come with 伴随 ... 发生
come from 来自，起源于 4. There is no doubt that…
毫无疑问…There is no doubt that we will be successful.
There is no doubt that he is qualified for the job.类似的句型有：
There is no use (in) doing …
There is no point (in) doing …
There is no need to do … 一、 doubt作不可数名词，意思是“疑惑;怀疑”。
①肯定句中doubt多接whether (一般不用if代替) 同位
语从句。如:
There's some doubt whether he'll keep his promise.
She had her doubts whether the new book would sell well.
②否定句中doubt多接that同位语从句。如:
There is no doubt that they will ask you for help.
I have no doubt that you will succeed. 二、doubt可作及物动词，作“怀疑;不能肯定;不大
相信"解,一般不用进行时态。
①用于否定句或疑问句,后接that引导的宾语从句。
如:
I don't doubt that he is telling the truth.
Do you doubt that he will win the match?
②用于肯定句,一般接whether 或if引导的宾语从句.
如:
I doubt whether / if we will make a profit out of it.
We doubt whether / if she will be persuaded. … and that it is human activity that has
caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. it is human activity that has caused this
global warming …是强调句型。
rather than 而不是，连接的并列成分可以
是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名
词、分句、不定式、动词等。
She is a career woman rather than a housewife.
She enjoys singing rather than dancing.but 在这里是副词，意思是“仅仅”，相当于only。
It took her but a few days to learn it.
He’s still but a child. 6. All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to ...subscribe to 同意；赞成；订阅；捐助
No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.
Do you subscribe to her view of the state of the economy?
Which newspaper do you subscribe to?
He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund. agree, consent, approve, comply, subscribe
这些动词均含“同意、赞同”之意。
agree: 普通用词，侧重指对某事同其他人有相同的意见或想法。
Do you agree with me about the need for more schools?
consent: 指同意别人的请求、建议或满足他人的愿望，着重意愿或感情，常和to连用。
Her father reluctantly consented to the marriage.approve: 侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示赞同或批准。作不及物动词用时，常与of连用。
We can’t approve of this sort of thing
subscribe: 指完全地赞成已阐明的立场。多用于比较愿意支持一种立场或为一种立场所辩护的情况。7. The problem begins when we add huge
quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.quantity n. 量，数量，大量
This company is more concerned with quality than with quantity.
The factory turns out a large quantity of paper products. quantities of 大量的，许多 ...
in large quantities 大量地 (常修饰动词)a large quantity of/large quantities of 表示“大量的……”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。
注意：以此短语为主语的主谓一致的情况。
a large quantity of 接可数名词的复数形式做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，其后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；而large quantities of无论后面接的可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。 1. 大量的啤酒被售出。
2. 大量夹克衫有售。
3. 桌子上有许多食品。
4. 图书馆里的藏书数量惊人。 Translate the following sentences into English.A large quantity of beer was sold out. A large quantity of blouses were on sale. Quantities of food were on the table. The quantity of books in the library is amazing.quantity, amount, number, sum这些名词均有“总数、总量”之意。
quantity: 书面用词，指事物的总量和总数量，侧重大批计量，含准确测量的意味。
amount: 普通用词，与quantity近义，但强调整体，指把所有数量、重量及度量归并在一起得出的总数。
number: 普通用词，指人或物的数目，强调数的概念。
sum: 普通用词，指简单加算的结果8. … that has resulted in this increase in
carbon dioxide.result in 结果; 致使; 导致Acting before thinking always results in failure.
The accident resulted in the death of two people.
Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 近义词/ 短语有：cause, bring about, lead toresult from 起于, 由于, 由…引起
His illness resulted from bad food.
His sickness resulted from eating too much.近义短语有： arise from9. … who are opposed to this view, …oppose v. 反对，反抗，使对立
opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
Father does not oppose the idea at all.
It was courageous of him to oppose his chief.
I am opposed to going shopping with others. object, oppose, resist, protest这些动词均含“反对”之意。
object: 多指因厌恶或反感而反对，但不一定明显地表露出来。
oppose: 普通用词，含义广，语气强于object。多指反对一些较重大的事，隐含其正当性。
resist: 指用力量或意志抵抗、制止对方的入侵或诱惑、影响等。
protest: 一般指通过言语或文字或行为表示出的强烈抗议、反对。10. Greenhouse gases continue to build up in
the atmosphere.build up 逐步建立，增加
I’m very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.
Where is the capital going to come from to build up the phone systems?
Eventually, these books will build up into a fine library. build up one’s fortune
build up one’s strength
build up the business积累财富养精蓄锐扩大/发展生意 11. Even if we start reducing the amount of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases, the climate is going to keep on
warming for decades or centuries.even if 即使，虽然 (=even though)
Even if it will take me six weeks, I am determined to finish the job.
Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it.
Even if I were rich, I would work.keep on 继续 (接连, 反复, 继续)
He kept on phoning me, but I really didn’t want to talk to him．
He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.keep doing可表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态，keep on doing则没有这种用法。
We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain.
Why do the dogs keep barking? Language pointsSome byproducts of this process are called
“greenhouse” gases, the most important one being carbon dioxide.the most important one being carbon dioxide 是一个独立主格结构，由“名词+分词”构成，在句中做状语，补充说明。The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 独立主格结构还可以由“名词或代词主格 + adj. / adv. / to do / prep. phrase/ v-ing / p.p.” 构成。1. ________________(时间允许的话), I will
show you around the city.
2. _____________________(今天是星期天), I
don’t have to go to work.
3. _______________________________(没有
人要说的话), the meeting was closed.Time permittingToday being SundayNobody having any more to say 2. Without the ‘green house effect’, the earth
would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius
cooler than it is. 这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句,假设的情况通过介词短语without…表示。类似用法的词或短语有but, but for, but that, otherwise, or等。
Without your help ( = If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded．
But for the note you left, I would have forgotten to close the door. A rainbow is one of the most beautiful __________ (现象) of nature.
2. The researchers have collected lots of _____ (资料) about the quality of the air.
3. The government is taking measures to fight against air _________ (污染).
4. The price of fruits and vegetables has
remained _______ (稳定的) this year.Write the correct words.phenomena data pollution steady 5. The blue whale is known to be the largest
animal in ________ (存在).
6. There’s a growing t________ for people to
work at home instead of in offices.
7. Such a mistake may lead to c___________
you can’t even imagine.
8. They’ve had a serious d___________ — one
group is for the plan, and the other against it.
9. Large q________ of rain are collected in the
lakes here every summer.existence tendency consequences disagreement quantities result in, come about, keep on, go up,
compare ... to, subscribe to, build up, He ___________ laughing even after everyone else had fallen silent.
2. Shakespeare once _________ the world __ a stage.
3. Stress and exhaustion usually _______ ?a lack of concentration. kept on compared toresult inComplete the sentences with phrases from the box.result in, come about, keep on, go up,
compare ... to, subscribe to, build up, 4. To be honest, I don’t _______ _____ what
he wrote in his article.
5. How did it ___________ that he knew
where we were?
6. Eventually, these books will ________ into
a fine library.
7. Unemployment has ________ again. come aboutbuild upgone upsubscribe toHomework Finish exercises on page 29 and exercises 1-2 on pages 63-64.
Review the text and find out the difficult sentences to you. Pay attention to the use of it.课件36张PPT。Unit 4Using language (1)Global warmingWhy do the animals choose to give up their lives?Reading and writingOuyang Guang and the editor of Earth Care.Skim the text and find out who are the writers of the letters.What’s the purpose of Ouyang Guang’s letter? To get some suggestions for what he can do about global warming.Read the first letter and answer the questions.What are Ouyang Guang’s two concerns? The first is that he feels that individual cannot have effect on huge environmental problems.
The second is that he is not sure where to start with his project.Which is not the reason why Ouyang Guang writes the letter?B He is doing a project on global warming.
B. He feels individuals can affect huge environmental problems.
C. He isn’t sure where to start with his project.
D. He wants to get some suggestions from Earth Care.Does Earth Care agree with Ouyang
Guang’s opinion that individuals can
have no effect?Read the second letter and answer the questions.No, Earth Care doesn’t agree.Which is not true according to the editor’s letter?Together, individuals can make a difference to environmental problems.
B. Individuals must put up with pollution.
C. Many activities individuals do can
produce carbon dioxide.
D. Individuals can save energy to slow down global warming.BDiscussionDo you agree with Quyang Guang that individuals can’t have any effect on huge environmental problems? Give your reason.Would you talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you’ve learned? Why or why not? I am doing a project on behalf of my
school about global warming.on behalf of 代表，为了
I am appealing on behalf of the famine victims.
My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.Language points2. … can have little effect on such
huge environmental problems.have little effect on 对…不起多大作用
Punishment has little effect on him.have an effect on 对…有影响/起作用
This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son. 3. Together, individuals can make a
difference. make a difference 有影响, 起(重要)作用
make some/ no difference to
对...有些/没有关系That medicine makes no difference to me.
Exercise can make a great difference to your health. put up with 忍受;容忍 She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.
That woman, as a housewife, has a lot to put up with.
We have to put up with her bad temper. 4. We do not have to put up with
pollution.put aside 节省(钱、时间);储蓄;把……放在一边
put away 收拾起来;储存(钱);喝掉
put back 放回原处;拖延
put down 写下;记下;控制
put forward 提出(意见、建议);推荐
put off 延期;推迟 put on 穿上;增加;上演
put out 熄灭;使忧虑;扑灭;出版
put up 举起;张开(伞);张贴;为……提供食宿 put的常用短语so long as / as long as 只要，如果As long as there is life, there is hope.
You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.
I don’t care about the price, so long as the car is in good condition.5. It is OK to leave an electrical
appliance on so long as you are using
it – …在用as / so long as连接的从句中,当其谓语为be,而主语和主句的主语相同时,则从句的主语和be可以省略。
I’m sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.
我深信只要在他的保护下,我们就会平安无事。6. Do not be casual about this.casual adj. 漫不经心的；随便的；
偶然的；非正式的
She is casual about winning the prize.
Jeff has a very casual attitude towards his schoolwork.
Such casual dress would not be correct for a formal occasion.
A casual reader of the library may not need a computerized ticket.irregular, casual, informal这些形容词均有“非正式的、非正规的”之意。
irregular: 指不按常规、固定模式或计划做事；或指不隶属于任何机构或组织。
casual: 指不太注意场合、仪表等，随意性强。
informal: 指语言、穿着等随便，也指不举行任何形式或仪式的活动。random, casual这两个形容词均含“随便的，任意的”之意。
random: 指无明确的方向或目的、方法与系统，暗示没有指挥或控制。
casual: 指非正式的，轻松随便的，强调随和性。7. Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and
newspapers if circumstances allow
you to.circumstance n. 环境，(pl.) 境况
He was forced by the circumstances to do this.
Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled.
In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately.condition, state, status, situation, circumstance这些名词均有“状况、情况”之意。
condition: 一般强调产生影响的原因或环境，复数形式指笼统的情况。
state: 普通用词，指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况，或指在某一阶段的状态或形式。status: 指一个人在政治、社会、经济、法律上的地位或身份，暗含地位显要意味。也可用于指政治等事态的状况。
situation: 指明确具体的环境情况或处境。
circumstance: 多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况。In pairs make a poster for your school that tells students various ways they can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.Fight global warming
Cut down on energy. Cut down on carbon dioxide.
If not using an electrical item, turn it off.
If you suddenly feel cold, don’t turn the heat up, put on a jacket instead.
Walk or ride a bike and save fossil fuels.
Recycle paper, cardboard and newspapers.
Buy products made from recycled materials.
Buy energy – saving products like low energy light bulbs.
Plant trees to absorb CO2.
Tell your friends about global warming.
Every effort counts!Sample posterWrite a short passage to tell others how to solve the problem of global warming based on the suggestions you have collected. You can add more suggestions if you like. Make a presentation to the class.Speaking and listeningWhat else should our government do to slow down global warming?DiscussionGive money to green the surroundings and protect the forests.Make laws to protect rare plants and animals.Encourage people to find and
use more renewable energy.1. We should stop depending on fossil fuels for our energy.
2. 90% of our energy comes from fossil fuels.
3. We can replace fossil fuels with cleaner sources of energy.
4. Nuclear power is a good source of energy.Listen to Part 1, and decide which statements Professor Keeling does NOT agree with.agreeagreedisagreedisagreeListen to Part 1 again and tick the energy sources
that are mentioned. Complete the notes on them.produce carbon dioxide
Cheap and concentrated form of energyclean
Not practical: need huge areas of land to provide enough energy. clean
not very practical with present technologydoes not produce carbon dioxide
dangerousFirst we must try to find ways to use fossil fuels
that does not put carbon dioxide into the air.
Second we must produce products that are
economical with energy.
Third we must ask people to cut down on the
energy they use.Listen to Part 2 and then list three things we can do to save energy. Listen to Part 2 again and fill in the blanks.factoriesenergyproblemglobal developeddevelopingdevelopingdioxideblameSuggested answers:Homework Review the two letters and get more information about what we can do about global warming.
Preview reading passage on page 66.课件35张PPT。Unit 4Using language (2)Global warmingDo you know about any organizations in China or other countries that focus on environmental issues?
Do you know any special days of the year dedicated to the environment?Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behaviors, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. WWF (World Wildlife Fun) has been protecting the future of nature for more than 45 years, working in 100 countries. Clean Up the World inspire and empower communities to clean up, fix up and conserve their local environment.World Earth Day (April 22) is a day designed to inspire awareness and appreciation for the Earth’s environment.ListeningJulie, a teenager who belongs to Millennium Kids, is visiting a class. Before listening, look at the exercises and discuss with your partner what you think the organization does. Then listen to both parts of the tape and see if you were right.What do you think the organization does?Millennium Kids is an international youth empowerment environmental organization.An organization by kids for kids; concerned with the environment.Four students in Australia; in 1996.Listen to Part 1 of the tape again. Make notes of Julie's answers in the chart.To draw attention to the environmentThe Horse that Saved the WorldTo explain why it’s better for the environment if we walk to school, ride bikes or go by bus.√√Planted trees
Developed activities that reduce, reuse and recycle waste
Planned ways to reduce recycle and reuse plastic bags.Listen to Part 2. Tick what you hear in the left column. Then listen again and write down the projects the organization has done in the right column.Listening task Top 9 rubbish items
1. Cigarette butts
2. Glass bottles
3. Plastic bags
4. Small pieces of paper
5. Plastic bottle caps
6. Glass pieces
7. Plastic straws
8. Soft drink cans
9. Plastic bottles1. What can you
see in the table?
2. What does the
table tell you the
talk might be
about? Part 1
Part 2
How Ian Kierman began Clean-up Australia Day.Clean-up the World Day and Ian Kierman’s contribution to improving the environment.2. Listen to the whole talk again. Notice the years that Tom mentions, what happened in these years and any other facts. Make notes in the table.1987Ian Kierman competed in a round-the-world yacht raceHe was shocked at the pollution in the ocean.1989Clean-up Day for Sydney Harbour40,000 volunteers; collected old car bodies, plastics, glass bottles, cigarette butts1990The first Clean Up Australia Day300,000 volunteers2001Clean Up Australia DayMost common kinds of rubbish: cigarette butts, glass bottles and plastic bags1993The first Clean Up the World Day30 million volunteers in 80 countries2001Clean Up the World Day40 million volunteers in 128 countries; cleaned streets, beaches, river banks and parks. How many plastic bags have you
used since this morning?2. Where are they now?3. Should we stop using plastic bags? DiscussPlastic bags 3.Plastic bags can not be degraded or broken down easily. They are polluting our environment.
1.Plastic bags can be seen everywhere, flying in the wind, hanging in the tree and floating on the river.2.They help people carry things and store things. It is convenient to use them.Reading taskWhy are cigarette butts and plastic bags a problem to the environment?
What should be done about it? Read it quickly and find out what the author’s
point of view about plastic bags is. Plastic bags are another common form of
litter that is a danger to the environment.Supporting ideas:
Plastic bags are made from non-renewable
resources.
2. Plastic bags kill seabirds, sea mammals and countless fish each year world wide.Read Tom’s essay carefully and make a summary for each paragraph, and then fill in the following table.Cigarette buts and plastic bags are a serious environmental problem.Butts are small but are still bad for the environment.1.1600 billion cigarettes are smoked each year in China. Many of these become litter.
2. 4.5 trillion butts are littered every year in the world.
3. Butts are ugly.
4. Butts contain toxic chemicals. These get into the water supply. These decrease the quality of the water and endanger living things.
5. Butts take up to 5 years to break down, so the toxic chemicals add up to a great amount.Plastic bags are a danger to the environment.1.Plastic bags are made from non-renewable resources. If they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us.
2.In china, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day.
3.Plastic bags last from 20 to 1,000 years in the environment.
…The environment would be less polluted if we cleaned up cigarette butts and plastic bags. The best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.SpeakingDiscuss the environmental problems that concern people most in groups of four. List as many environment topics as possible, and then write them on a piece of paper.water pollutionair pollutionnoise pollutionlight pollution plant treessort garbagedrive fuel-efficient carsuse the energy-saving lights Discuss the ways to be environmentalists Make a dialogue with your partner . …WritingChoose one topic about the environment that you feel strongly about. Make notes on your topic using headings similar to the table in the reading task. Use the passage as a model.Write out the thesis statement. (point of view)Write out the topic sentence of the first body paragraph.
Give the supporting points and details about the first subtopic.
Write out the topic sentence of the second body paragraph.
Give the supporting points and details about the second subtopic.
State again the thesis statement.Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5The last stepWriting tipsThe Environmental Effects of Fossil FuelsThere is no doubt that fossil fuels bring a lot of good to us. But do you know that many of the environmental problems our country faces today result from our fossil fuel dependence. Sample writingThe environment faces air pollution, global warming, acid rain, and several other very serious problems because of our use of fossil fuels has resulted in more than 25 percent increase in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is one of the main factors in global warming which is negatively affecting everyone.Fossil fuels also affect water pollution, land pollution, and thermal pollution (heat pollution). Coal mining is one of the causes of pollution in the environment. After the mining is completed, the land will remain barren. Materials other than coal are also brought to the surface in the coal mining process, and these are left as solid wastes.The production, transportation, and use of fossil fuels are to blame for the effects of pollution on the environment. Then what should we do? We should spare no effort to improve our environment. Please save energy and use fewer fossil fuels in our daily lives.Homework Finish your essay on the environment.
Review the whole unit.
Preview Unit 5.
