2022年中考英语主谓一致课件

(共27张PPT)
主谓一致
初中
学习目标
1. 能够理解主谓一致的概念
2. 根据结构特点判断主谓一致的形式。
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。近几年，主谓一致与时态、语态综合考查成为命题的方向。
命题趋势特点
考向一：主谓一致的三个原则
1. 意义一致 (注意 news, family, maths, physics, police, the rest, the old, the number of 等结构作主语)
意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。
2. 语法一致 (注意“名词+(along/ together) with...+谓语”和“名词+ as well as+名词...+谓语”等特殊结构)
语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。Our bikes are under the tree.我们的自行车在树下。
Cathy with her sons has ever been to China. 凯茜和她的儿子们曾经去过中国。
3. 就近原则 (注意“not only...but also...”“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“There/ Here be...”等特殊结构)
就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。
There is some bread and cakes in the fridge. 冰箱里有一些面包和蛋糕。
判断正误：下列句子主谓一致表述正确的在括号内标 T ，错误的标 F。
My family is going to enjoy the sunrise on the top of Mount Tai. ( )
I have already picked out the good apples. The rest are bad. ( )
Something is wrong with my watch. ( )
Here is some paper and some pairs of scissors for you for paper-cutting.( )
Neither his classmates nor the boy were allowed to enter the campus without a health code. ( )
判断正误：下列句子主谓一致表述正确的在括号内标 T ，错误的标 F。
My family is going to enjoy the sunrise on the top of Mount Tai. ( )
I have already picked out the good apples. The rest are bad. ( )
Something is wrong with my watch. ( )
Here is some paper and some pairs of scissors for you for paper-cutting.( )
Neither his classmates nor the boy were allowed to enter the campus without a health code. ( )
F
T
T
T
F
考向二：主谓一致的易错考点
1. “分数 / 百分数+ of + 名词/代词” 作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词或代词保持一致。
50 percent of the land_______(be) used to grow vegetables.
Two thirds of these work ________（have）been finished.
Two thirds of these workers ________（have）finished their tasks.
2. 表示时间、金钱、重量、距离等的名词作主语时，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Two hours ______(be) not enough for some students to finish the test paper.
1000 meters ______(be) a challenge for many boys.
3. 复数名词shoes、glasses、trousers、gloves、scissors等由 pair(s) of 、set(s) of 、
kind(s) of、piece(s) of 修饰作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由pair的单复数形式决定。
That pair of shoes ______(look) nice on you, but the shoes_______(be) expensive.
考向二：主谓一致的易错考点
1. “分数 / 百分数+ of + 名词/代词” 作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词或代词保持一致。
50 percent of the land_______(be) used to grow vegetables.
Two thirds of these work ________（have）been finished.
Two thirds of these workers ________（have）finished their tasks.
2. 表示时间、金钱、重量、距离等的名词作主语时，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Two hours ______(be) not enough for some students to finish the test paper.
1000 meters ______(be) a challenge for many boys.
3. 复数名词shoes、glasses、trousers、gloves、scissors等由 pair(s) of 、set(s) of 、
kind(s) of、piece(s) of 修饰作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由pair的单复数形式决定。
That pair of shoes ______(look) nice on you, but the shoes_______(be) expensive.
is
is
are
is
is
looks
are
实战演练
教材 P31-32 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
1（2021·江苏二模）—I’ll drink half of the apple juice. The rest _____ for you, Sandy. —Only for us three I’m afraid the rest _____ going to be unhappy. A．is; are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are
2（2021·浙江模拟预测）The president of the college, together with the teachers _____ having a
meeting for the purpose of developing rules. A．is B．are C．were D．will be
3（2021·镇江市一模）—Will Jack go to the concert with us —Sure! Not only Jack but also a number of his football teammates _____ going with us. A．are B．were C．is D．was
4（2021·江苏二模）“81192”, the number of Wang Wei’s plane, _____ up on many Chinese media
outlets to remind us of our hero on April 1 every year. A．showed B．showing C．to show D．shows
实战演练
教材 P31-32 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
1（2021·江苏二模）—I’ll drink half of the apple juice. The rest ________ for you, Sandy.—Only for us three I’m afraid the rest ________ going to be unhappy.A．is; are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are【答案】A【详解】句意：——我要喝一半苹果汁。剩下的给你们，桑迪。——就我们三个人？恐怕其他人会不高兴的。考查be动词。根据“I’ll drink half of the apple juice.”可知，空一前的the rest指的是剩下的苹果汁，不可数名词作主语，be动词用is；根据“Only for us three I’m afraid the rest...”可知，空二前的the rest指的是剩下的人，表示复数，所以be动词用are。故选A。2（2021·浙江模拟预测）The president of the college, together with the teachers _______ having a meeting for the purpose of developing rules.A．is B．are C．were D．will be【答案】A【详解】句意：学院院长和老师们正在一起开会，目的是制定规则。考查主谓一致和现在进行时。根据“together with”可知，谓语动词要与其前面的主语保持一致，the president of the college是第三人称单数，所以排除B和C；由语境可知此处表示“正在开会”，用现在进行时，故be使用is。故选A。3（2021·镇江市一模）—Will Jack go to the concert with us —Sure! Not only Jack but also a number of his football teammates ________ going with us.A．are B．were C．is D．was【答案】A【详解】句意：——杰克将要和我们一起去参加音乐会吗？——当然！不仅杰克而且他的几个足球队队员都将和我们一起去。考查时态和主谓一致。not only…but also…不仅……而且……，连接并列主语，谓语动词采用就近原则，此处离谓语最近的主语是a number of his football teammates，是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式，排除CD两项。根据will可知，此处用一般将来时，故选A。4（2021·江苏二模）“81192”, the number of Wang Wei’s plane, ________ up on many Chinese media outlets to remind us of our hero on April 1 every year.A．showed B．showing C．to show D．shows【答案】D【详解】句意：每年的4月1日，王伟乘坐的飞机号“81192”都会出现在中国媒体上，让我们想起我们的英雄。考查动词时态。根据“every year”可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语是单数名词number，动词用三单形式，故选D。
实战演练
教材 P31-32 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
5（2021·青岛市教育教学研究室二模）_____ of the land in the national park_____ covered
with trees and grass. A．Two third; is B．Two thirds; is C．Two third; are D．Two thirds; are
6（2021·陕西）As we all know, using public chopsticks_____ necessary when we eat with others. A．is B．are C．was D．were
7（2021·永吉县教师进修学校九年级二模）The desks in our school_____ made of wood. A．are B．is C．was D. were
8（2021·崇左市江州区教研室三模）There_____ two bowls of soup on the table. A．is B．has C．are D．have
实战演练
教材 P31-32 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
5（2021·青岛市教育教学研究室二模）________ of the land in the national park ________ covered with trees and grass.A．Two third; is B．Two thirds; is C．Two third; are D．Two thirds; are【答案】B【详解】句意：国家公园三分之二的土地被树木和草地覆盖着。考查分数的表达和主谓一致的用法。分数的表达是分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，故排除AC；当“分数+of+主语”时，因主语land是不可数名词，故be动词用单数形式。故选B。6（2021·陕西）As we all know, using public chopsticks ___________ necessary when we eat with others.A．is B．are C．was D．were【答案】A【详解】句意：众所周知，当我们和别人一起吃饭时，使用公筷是有必要的。考查主谓一致。根据句意可知，对事实进行陈述应用一般现在时，故C/D选项可排除。句中主语using public chopsticks为动名词短语，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A。7（2021·永吉县教师进修学校九年级二模）The desks in our school ________ made of wood.A．are B．is C．was D. were【答案】A【详解】句意：我们学校的课桌是木制的。考查主谓一致。主语The desks 是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式are。故选A。8（2021·崇左市江州区教研室三模）There ________ two bowls of soup on the table.A．is B．has C．are D．have【答案】C【详解】句意：桌子上有两碗汤。考查动词辨析。is是，第三人称单数形式；has有，第三人称单数形式式；are是；have有。根据句子结构可知，本句为there be句型，且主语“two bowls of soup”是复数形式，故be动词用are。故选C。
实战演练
教材 P31-32 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
9（2021·湖北模拟预测）— Hello, may I speak to Mr. Wang — Sorry, he isn’t in the office. He with his student _____ Dongshan Park. A．has gone to B．have gone to C．has been to D．have been to
10（2021·北海市教育教学研究室二模）Jimmy with his parents _____ the sick people
once a week. A．helps B．help C．helping D．are helping
11（2021·天津二模）There _____ a lot of rain in this area in August last year. A．are B．were C．is D．was
12（2021·成都一模）There is a famous saying in China “Good things never go out, bad
news _____ far away”. A．spreads B．is spread C．is spreading D. to spread
实战演练
教材 P31-32 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
9（2021·湖北模拟预测）— Hello, may I speak to Mr. Wang — Sorry, he isn’t in the office. He with his student ____________ Dongshan Park.A．has gone to B．have gone to C．has been to D．have been to【答案】A【详解】句意：——喂，我可以和王老师讲话吗？——对不起，他不在办公室。他和他的学生已经去了东山公园。考查现在完成时。has/have gone to表示去了某地，现在还没回来；has/have been to表示去过某地，现在已经回来了。根据答语“Sorry, he isn’t in the office.”可知，王先生去了东山公园，还没回来，排除C和D；此句主语是“He”第三人称单数，with his student是介词短语，作伴随状语，所以谓语动词使用三单形式，使用has gone to；故选A。10（2021·北海市教育教学研究室二模）Jimmy with his parents_______ the sick people once a week.A．helps B．help C．helping D．are helping【答案】A【详解】句意：吉米和他的父母每周帮助病人一次。考查动词时态。根据“once a week”可知此句时态为一般现在时，主语Jimmy是第三人称单数，谓语用动词的三单形式。故选A。11（2021·天津二模）There ________ a lot of rain in this area in August last year.A．are B．were C．is D．was【答案】D【详解】句意：去年8月这个地区下了很多雨。考查时态和主谓一致。根据“in August last year”可知要用一般过去时，there be句型中主语rain是不可数名词，be动词用was。故选D。12（2021·成都一模）There is a famous saying in China “Good things never go out, bad news ________ far away”.A．spreads B．is spread C．is spreading D. to spread【答案】A【详解】句意：中国有句名言“好事不出门，坏事传千里”。考查时态。根据“Good things never go out”可知，此处的句子也用一般现在时，主语是news，动词应用三单形式，故选A。
实战演练
教材 P31-32 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
13（2021·龙岩市九年级期末）Now ____ Chinese young people ____ using HUAWEI phones. A．the number of; is B．a number of; is C．a number of; are D.the number of; are
14（2021·江西一模）—It was amazing that Huoshenshan Hospital ____ in such a short time. —Yes. That’s China speed. A．was building B．is built C．was built D．is building
15（2021·云南一模）The poor ____ getting fewer and fewer in our country these years under the
leadership of President Xi. A．is B．are C．was D．were
16（2021·连云港一模）Both xiangchun and shepherd’s purse (荠菜) ____ popular vegetables at
their best in spring. A．are B．is C．will be D．were
实战演练
教材 P31-32 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择出最佳答案。
13（2021·龙岩市九年级期末）Now ________ Chinese young people ________ using HUAWEI phones.A．the number of; is B．a number of; is C．a number of; are D.the number of; are 【答案】C【详解】句意：现在很多中国年轻人在用华为手机。考查固定短语和主谓一致。the number of……的数量；a number of表示“很多”。根据“Chinese young people…using HUAWEI phones.”可知，句子表述的是很多中国年轻人在用华为手机。排除A；又因主语是复数，因此系动词用are。故选C。14（2021·江西一模）—It was amazing that Huoshenshan Hospital ________ in such a short time.—Yes. That’s China speed.A．was building B．is built C．was built D．is building【答案】C【详解】句意：——令人惊讶的是火神山医院在那么短的时间内被建成。——是的。那就是中国速度。考查动词语态辨析。分析句子可知是主语从句，从句主语Huoshenshan Hospital与谓语动词build是被动关系，需用被动语态；由was amazing可知是一般过去时的被动语态was/were done结构，结合Huoshenshan Hospital是单数第三人称，可知用was built。故选C。15（2021·云南一模）The poor ________ getting fewer and fewer in our country these years under the leadership of President Xi.A．is B．are C．was D．were【答案】B【详解】句意：近年来，在习主席的领导下，我国的穷人越来越少。考查主谓一致。根据题干可知“the+形容词”表示一类人，作句子主语时，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和句意可知近年来，中国的穷人越来越少，故时态用现在进行时，所以填are。故选B。16（2021·连云港一模）Both xiangchun and shepherd’s purse (荠菜) ________ popular vegetables at their best in spring.A．are B．is C．will be D．were【答案】A【详解】句意：香椿和荠菜都是春天最受欢迎的蔬菜。考查一般现在时。本句陈述客观事实，时态是一般现在时，主语“Both Xiangchun and shepherd’s purse”是复数，be动词用are。故选A。
教材 P32-34
习题巩固
教材 P32-34
习题巩固
C
A
A
B
C
carry v.携带；搬，扛
astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员
mouse n. 鼠标
connect v.连接，接通；关联
just now 刚才
complete v.完成，使结束
adj. 完全的，完整的
bath v.&n. (给)沐浴，洗澡
教材 P32-34
习题巩固
教材 P32-34
习题巩固
B
B
B
D
C
C
nowadays 现在，如今
would rather do sth.宁愿……
well-paid （薪水）待遇好的
be crazy about 对……痴狂/痴迷
a number of +名词 许多……（作主语时谓语用复数）
the number of +名词复数 ……总量（作主语时谓语用单数）
教材 P32-34
习题巩固
教材 P32-34
习题巩固
B
D
A
A
问人口数时，要用what来提问，用it's…来回答
in the face of 面临/面对……； virus病毒
教材 P32-34
习题巩固
教材 P32-34
习题巩固
B
C
B
B
A
B
To the west of our school放在句首，句子是倒装句，遵循就近原则，some bookstores 是复数，所以动词lie用原形
《后羿射日》，是一个故事名称，所以应该把它当作一个故事名字看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
动名词结构作主语时多用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。
教材 P32-34
习题巩固
covering
to leave
to calm
To print
click on 点击（链接，图标等）
icon 偶像；（宗）圣象；图标
calm adj. 镇静的 v. 使平静/镇静
calm down 冷静下来
in danger 在危险中
allow sb to do 允许……做……；
allow doing允许做……；
leave v.留下，剩下；离开
see sb doing 看见……正在做……
see sb do 看见……做了……
be seen to do被看到做……
cover v.报道；遮盖，覆盖 n. 封面；盖子；被子
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