初中英语语法精通 专题三 句法(1) 句子成分和简单句(word版，含答案）

初中英语语法系列 专题三 句法(1) 句子成分和简单句
Part 1从简单句了解句子成分
简单句的五大基本句型
主语+系动词+表语(“主系表”) 可以得出的结论： 主语是放在谓语动词之前的成分，是动作的发出者 宾语是放在谓语动词后面的成分，是动作的接受者
主语+谓语(“主谓”)
主语+谓语+宾语(“主谓宾”)
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(“主谓宾宾”)
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(“主谓宾宾补”)
除上述之外的句子成分还有定语、状语、同位语等。
主语
主语充当词：
He will go to the cinema this evening. 人称代词(主格) 代词
Your book is old, but mine is new. 名词；名词性物主代词
These are my favorite vegetables. 指示代词
That is a beautiful bridge. 指示代词
Something interesting always attracts people's eyes. 不定代词
What is the most important quality of a top student 疑问代词
Whatever does harm to health should be clear enough. 主句的主语：从句；从句的主语：连接代词
I have had the book which cost me five dollars for five years. 主句的主语：人称代词；从句的主语：关系代词
I bought many oranges, and one is for you. 人称代词；替代词
When and where to go is discussed by my family. 短语
To go to the beach makes everyone excited. 不定式 非谓语
Having a daughter is my mother’s wish. doing(动名词)
Doing a lot of homework is not as tiring as doing a lot of housework. doing(动名词)
Doing exercises and having a good diet are important to children. doing(动名词)
Water is an important natural resource. 名词 名词或名词短语
This house is near the river. 名词(带定语)
My father's shoes are lying outside the door. 名词(带定语)
The cat and the dog are fighting with each other. 名词(并列)
Eight is my lucky number. 数词
The young play an important role in our society. 名词化的形容词
The disabled need our help. 名词化的过去分词
The ups and downs are part of life. 名词化的介词
To Beijing is not very far. 介词短语
我们把能做主语的结构都看做带有名词属性
EXERCISE 1
一、单选题
1.____________________ a good virtue(德行) to be kind and honest to others.
A. This is B. It is C. It has D. There is
2.— ________is the population of your town, Li Kai — It's over sixty thousand.
A. How many B. How much C. What D. How
3.There are a lot of _____________________. It's cloudy.
A. snow B. rain C. wind D. clouds
4.Is there _______________ you want us to do
A. anything else B. else anything C. something else D. else something
5.It is polite _______________________ a gift when you visit somebody for the first time.
A. take B. taking C. to taking D. to take
6.It's a good idea ___________________ English by watching English films.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
7._______ the students in our grade are 14 years old, and the rest _______ 15.
A. Hundreds of; are B. Two hundred; is C. Two hundreds of; is D. Two hundred of; are
8._____ the salad in the fridge for a while can make it ______ nicer.
A. Keep; taste B. Keeping; taste C. Put; taste D. Putting; to taste
9.Listen!______ is coming near. It may be Li Hua.
A. Anyone B. Someone C. Everyone D. No one
10.Drive slowly! Look! There is ________ in the middle of the road.
A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
二、单词拼写（词汇运用）
1.As we know, ________ (澳大利亚) is famous for its kangaroos(袋鼠).
2.Tony, ___________ (某人) is waiting for you at the gate, but 1 don't know who he is.
3.The ___________ (山岳) in the north are higher than the ones in the south.
4.Her ___________ (声音) sounds sweet on the phone.
5.The ____________ is often -10℃ in winter here.
三、语法填空
1.____________ (visit) the US is so interesting!
2.The ____________ (leaf) of most trees will fall in autumn.
3.____________ (add) some fruit to salad is much easier than to make a different salad.
4.____________ the broken watch needs to be patient. Please ____________ it for me. (fix)
5.About two ____________ (million) people listened to the programme.
6.Now, air ____________ (pollute) is becoming worse than two years ago.
7.____________ (do) morning exercises is very important for students.
8.The ____________ (pollute) in the city is becoming more and more serious.
9.The two ____________ (side) had different ideas at the meeting.
表语
说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”(表语位于连系动词后)
表语充当词：
Tom is a student. He will become an engineer. 名词 be动词做连系动词
Who is it It’s me. 疑问代词；人称代词
This skirt is hers. 名词性物主代词
I am fourteen. 数词
Are you busy 形容词
My dream will come e 这里做连系动词
He fell sick. fall作连系动词，还常后接asleep, short, ill, silent
Food often goes bad in summer. go作为连系动词，后面常接mad, hungry, wrong, blind等
Keep fit. keep 作为连系动词，后面常接quiet, calm, cool, well, warm, silent, clean, dry等
Are you there 副词
Li Lei isn’t in.
Class is over.
My dream is to travel around the world. 不定式
He seemed to be mad.
His favorite sport is swimming. doing动名词
The movie is exciting. He is excited. doing现在分词
We got so excited when we heard the news. done过去分词
She is in good health. 介词短语
The show is from seven to ten.
We were at home last night.
The good news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working. 从句
Is that why you were angry
That is what he means.
This is where I first met her.
能做表语的结构一般带有形容词属性或名词属性
基本句型：主+系+表
(Part 2系动词和表语)
谓语
说明主语“做什么”
谓语充当词：
He works hard everyday day. 单独动词 可以得出结论： 谓语动词需要有 时态 情态 语态 否定 至少用上一种
The plane took off at ten o’clock. 短语动词
I am reading. 动词短语【be(助动词) doing】
I don’t know. 动词短语【don't(助动词否定) do】
He can speak three languages. 动词短语【can(情态动词) do】
He has been skating for three hours. 动词短语【has been(助动词) doing】
We were beaten by their team. 动词短语【be(助动词) done】
宾语
表示动作、行为的对象。及物动词、介词或有些形容词后面能够接宾语。
宾语充当词：
Can I ask some questions 名词
They won’t hurt us. 人称代词(宾格)
I am for you.
If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 数词
He often helps the poor. 名词化的形容词
He left there last week. 副词
Remember to lock the door. 不定式 不定式一般不做介词的宾语
I am able to drive a car.
It’s sure to rain.
He stopped smoking last week. 动名词
I’m sure when to hold the meeting. 短语
He said that he would go to college in the future. 从句
Do you understand what I mean
I wondered how old he was.
He said, “You’re quite wrong.” “句子”
宾语与主语类型类似，由名词属性的结构充当
观察：I look at the painting. / I draw the painting. 为什么有[动词+宾语]和[动词+介词+宾语]的区别？
观察：I bought a book on how to repair cars. 这里动词和介词的宾语是谁？ 分别做什么成分？
观察：I listen to music. / I write to you. 这两个句子里的宾语是什么？ 分别属于什么句型？
根据动词类型分为
基本句型：主+谓(不及物动词)
基本句型：主+谓+宾(跟单宾语的动词)
基本句型：主+谓+间宾+直宾(跟双宾语的动词)
基本句型：主+谓+宾+宾补(跟复合宾语的动词)
双宾语
有些动词需要两个宾语——直接宾语与间接宾语。
直接宾语一般指作的承受者；间接宾语一般指动作所向的或所为的人或物（多指人）。
My mother gave me some money.
间接宾语 直接宾语
由于种种原因，间接宾语可放在直接宾语之后，但其前面一般须用介词to 或者for。
My mother gave some money to me.
My mother bought me a coat. = My mother bought a coat for me.
如果两个宾语都是代词，间接宾语应放在直接宾语之后。
Give it to me. 把他给我。（不能说Give me it.）
补语
补充说明主语和宾语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分——主语补足语与宾语补足语。
(一) 主语补足语充当词：
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 形容词 补足语放在主语I 之前
The man, tall and strong, is Tom’s father. 补足语放在主语The man 之后
He was found dead. 在被动句中，补足语放在谓语之后
She was called Lucy. 名词
He was seen to go upstairs. 不定式短语
He came home quite changed. 分词(短语)
Even as a young boy, he played the piano very well. 介词短语
People are just born what color they are. 从句
(二）宾语补足语充当词：
They named the child Jimmy. 名词
My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 名词短语
I found the book very interesting. 形容词
My mother wants me to go to bed early. 不定式
Tom is ill. Let us go and see him.
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 动名词短语
I have guests coming. 现在分词
I am going to have my hair cut. 过去分词
I found everything in good condition. 介词短语
EXERXISE 2
一、判断宾语
I make you a cake.
I make a cake for you.
Everyone likes to come to the party.
In the end, no one could live in peace.
I help you a lot.
Can you do me a favor
You can take whatever you want.
We can’t leave Yiwu to go on holiday.
We should wear masks to protect ourselves.
It takes me an hour to do my homework every day.
I spend an hour doing my homework every evening.
Let us go to the cinema.
I heard him answer the phone.
二、判断下列句子的句型
I run to keep healthy.
I promise to keep healthy.
I make you a monitor.
I make you a post card.
I want to sit down.
I want you to sit down.
三、填空题
1.China has a long ___________ (历史)of about 5000 years.
2.I borrowed some popular ___________(杂志)from the library.
3.Please open the ___________(窗户) and let some fresh air in.
4.My father has two sons. He loves me and my m___________ very much.
5.Can you read the ___________ (instruct)for the medicine for me
6.I have got some ___________ (信息) on the computer.
7.The book sold 20000 ___________ (copy) within two weeks.
8.People often give ___________ (fan) as presents.
9.Many people lost their ___________ (life) in the accident.
10.Alan cut ___________ (he) when he was cooking yesterday.
11.The girls enjoyed ___________ (they) in Shanghai Disneyland.
12.Mr. Wu is our Chinese teacher, he teaches___________(we) Chinese this term.
13.Please call___________ (he) back after school.
14.We find___________ (they) in the school library.
15.Don't worry! We can look after___________(our).
16.The rich man has a lot of money, so he can buy______________(he)many things he needs.
17.I left my dictionary at home. Can I borrow___________ (you)
18.Jane didn't meet ___________ (someone) interesting.
19.In China, we welcome ___________is friendly and kind. (who)
20. I like ______________(travel) by train because the scenery is beautiful.
21. The old men enjoy ___________ (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.
22.Would you mind _____________ (open) the door
23. Everyone should look after the ___________(老人) and children.
24. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep__________(try) until we make it.
25. Goodbye! I hope __________ (see) you again soon.
26. I learnt __________(swim) when I was 5 years old.
27. Have you finished ____________(clean) the kitchen.
28. The weather was nice, so I suggested __________(go) for a walk by the river.
29. ____________would he like for dinner
30.He never talks about __________(something) about himself.
31.She found it ____________________(relax)to sing songs.
32.Many athletes give money____________schools.
33.Did you see Li Ming ____________(play)football on the playground just now
34. My mother doesn’t allow me____________(go)out at night.
35.I wrote a letter____________one of my high school classmates last night.
36.I wish you____________(be)happy
37.She makes her mother___________(生气).
38.She asks the children___________(read)newspaper and books.
39.Good food keeps you___________(health).
定语
用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分。
充当词：
She’s an excellent student. 形容词 前置
He must be the best violinist alive. 有些表语性质的形容词，像alive , afraid等放后面
There is nothing wrong. 当被修饰的词是不定代词时，形容词须放在后面或后置
He found something strange.
a baby girl 女婴 sports car 跑车 a woman teacher 女教师 名词
Your hair needs cutting. 形容词性物主代词
He is a friend of mine. 属格 of 加名词性物主代词构成属格
Peel three bananas. 基数词 有时基数词用作定语可后置：page 24；Room 201
The second question is difficult. 序数词
the room above楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out出路 a day off休息日 副词 后置
I have lots of homework to finish. 不定式(短语)
My dream to travel around the world will come true.
It’s time for us to go. 不定式复合结构
a walking stick 手杖 learning method 学习方法 动名词
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 现在分词 短语要后置
a retired worker 一个退休工人 过去分词 短语要后置
This is a map of China. 介词短语 后置
The man in the classroom is our teacher.
There are many famous predictions that never came true. 从句
The woman who is wearing a red coat is my mother.
This is the place where he was born.
She said I was lazy, which isn’t true.
He gave me a cup of tea. of结构 含有of的量词短语放名词前面
同位语
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同一位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。后者多由名词或代词担任。同位语通常放在其所说明的名词（代词）之后。
充当词：
We, the Chinese people, are building China a strong and rich country. 名词
They all wanted to see him. 代词
They two went, we three stayed behind. 数词
Yang Liwei’s dream, to become an astronaut, has come true. 不定式短语
His wish, building a hope primary school, will come true soon. 动名词短语
the city of Chongqing重庆市 of短语
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 从句
特殊：
1. 同位语有时被其它词隔开：The tickets cost five dollars each. 这票每张5美元。
2. 同位语有时放在其所说明的名词之前：Comrade Li 李同志Professor Smith 史密斯教授my friend Li Lei 我的朋友李磊
EXERCISE 3
翻译：
1.他们有两个孩子，一个男孩一个女孩。
____________________________________________________________
2.我的朋友王敏是湖南人。
____________________________________________________________
3.你们两个准备好了吗？
____________________________________________________________
4.他跑得不够快，没赶上那班公交车。
____________________________________________________________
5.这个男人太累了动不了。
____________________________________________________________
6.我发现学好英语很有用。
____________________________________________________________
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义。
充当词：
He studies English well. I get up early. Fortunately, Yang Lei’s mother agreed with her decision. 副词 可置于句末或句首
I always help her. She is often late. 置于行为动词前，be动词后
They have already left here. 置于助动词与主要动词之间
This story is very interesting. 副词修饰形容词，前置
She did the work quite well. 副词修饰另一副词，前置
Is the room big enough for a party 副词enough作状语时须后置
Wait a moment. 名词 多置于句末
The Party teaches us to serve the people heart and soul.
I can’t eat that much. 指示代词 前置
There are some(大约) thirty people there. 不定代词
I hate riding two on a bike. 数词 后置
white hot 白热化的 dead tired 累极 某些形容词 前置
After long walking, we stopped to have a rest. 不定式 多置于句末，强调时可置句首
To learn English well, he watches TV little.
Arriving at the station, we learned that the train had already gone. 分词短语 多置于句首或句末，有时也置于句中
I began to get the shakes(心惊胆战) just thinking about the test.
I skated for four hours. 介词短语
At the moment he’s out of work.
Where on earth is my watch
We talked as we walked.(一边...一边...) 从句 放句首或句末
If you work hard, you’ll get good grades.
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.
状语的分类：一般状语和句子状语
一般状语，修饰副词、形容词、动词等
时间状语 Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow After school, he plays basketball. He usually leaves home before eight o’clock. 多位于句末和句首，有时放句中
地点状语 There are plenty of fish in the sea. Are you going to the station In China, many students like to wear jeans. 多位于句末，有时位于句首或句中
方面状语 He is quick in action. Are you sure about the arrival time So far as I am concerned, you can do what you like. 多置于句首或句尾
原因状语 He did it out of curiosity. She didn’t come to school because of illness. Tom lost his job because he was ill. =Because he was ill, Tom lost his job. The mother was very glad to see her child again. 多置于句首，有时也可置于句末
结果状语 The boy fell from the tree to break his leg. He talked loudly in class, influencing the lesson. The box is so heavy that I can’t move it. 多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末
目的状语 We are studying for the test. My friend came to see me. In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. He gets up very early every day in order that he can get to school in time. 多由不定式、介词短语和从句表示，常位于句末，强调时位于句首
条件状语 We’ll be lucky to get there before dark. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic. 多由短语和从句表示，常置于句首或句末
让步状语 They worked in the field in spite of rain. Despite the difficulties, they finished the job. He helped me although ( though ) he didn’t know me. 常有短语和从句表示
程度状语 The story was not very interesting. He isn’t old enough to go to school. He likes reading very much. At that time pop singers were not known to the degree that they are today. 常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。单词多前置，有时后置；短语和从句一般后置
方式状语 The students are listening to the teacher carefully. Don’t look at me like that! We write with pens. You look as if you need a rest. He is taller than me. He worked carefully, as an expert works. 常由副词、短语、从句等表示。多位于句末，也可置于句首或句中。 方式状语表示方式、手段、比较、使用工具等
伴随情况状语 My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten. He stood there, looking around him. 常由短语表示，多位于句末和句首
句子状语，是修饰或连接句子的状语，分两种：1. 说明或评说全句的；2. 连接句子的。
Frankly, I don’t like it. Of course I remember you. Can you simply show us and not try to explain it She is never angry. I hardly know him. Who on earth took my book What in the world happened 说明或评说性状语多放在句首或句中，有时也放在句末，用逗号隔开
He said he was certain. However he was wrong. Knowledge is power. So we should study hard. In that case someone else will come. She says we could use her car, and what’s more, she’ll pay for the petrol. 连接性状语一般置于句首
简单句的句子成分判断
1. We work.
2. We are working.
3. She is a student.
4. Li lei is a student.
5. He gets bored.
6. She became angry.
7. My mother became angry.
8. Is he sleeping
9. He will come soon.
10. She can speak five languages.
11. To learn English well is difficult.
12. It is difficult to learn English well.
13. It takes me half an hour to get to school on foot.
14. What he says sounds interesting.
15. My teacher is funny. He often makes us students laugh.
16. The mother let his son clean the house.
17. My parents want me to get up early
18. This can make life difficult.
19. Please give me some food.
20.Nobody will believe you if you are not honest.
21. Many athletes give money to schools and charities.
22. If you become famous, people all over the world will know you.
23. I found it interesting to play basketball.
24. She said that he would go swimming.
25. I don’t know when she is coming back.
26. The boy is able to play the piano.
27. I can’t remember how to get your house.
28. The story tells about a famous man.
29. The man in the classroom is our math teacher.
30. Our math teacher teaches us in the classroom.
31. The door of the room is broken.
32. Mike’s English book is lost.
33. The man who is talking in the classroom is our math teacher.
34. He asked if he could go out at night.
35. Our teacher told us that we would have a sports meet the next week.
36. My problem is that I can’t get up early.
37. In fact, he didn’t know about it.
38. The event happened on July1st, 1921.
39. This is a great chance that many people do not have.
40. For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like dream job.
41. I need / want to improve my English.
42. My friend came to see me.
43. I don’t know the way to the sports club.
44. I have been studying English for three years.
45. The little girl often takes care of her old grandma at home.
46. There are many beautiful flowers I never saw before in the garden.
47. Who teaches you English
48. Who are you talking to
49. Who was that
50. We call a person from another country a foreigner.
51. Here comes the bus!
52. There lived an old man in that house
53. “It’s too late,” said Tom.
54. He found his dog dead.
55. His dog was found dead.
56. The boy is too young to go to school.
57. I’m afraid that he won’t come.
58. He was sure our class would win.
59. We all call him Xiao Zhang.
60. People will have robots in their homes.
61. Kids will study at home on computers.
62. My friend keeps a pet pig in his house.
62. There will be less free time in the future.
64. Predicting the future is very difficult.
65. Two boys are playing table tennis.
66. We will give you different topics to choose from.
67. He is growing tall and strong.
68. The girl in the classroom is a friend of Sally’s.
69. I found the book interesting.
70. They are talking about a math problem.
71. You could write him a letter.
72. I don’t want to talk about it on the phone.
73. The seats in the cinema are comfortable.
74. My friend is angry with me.
75. Could you please give me some advice
76. The hospital has eleven women nurses.
77. Everything looks different.
78. They named the child Jimmy.
79. Jack left Shenzhen last week.
80. I have told you everything important.
81. Anna was playing the piano at 10:00am yesterday.
82. Luckily, Lana got to the school on time.
83. Two students took the injured person to hospital as soon as possible.
84. Many decided to work hard at English.
85. How can you have such a strange experience
86. Sam does his homework carefully every day.
87. I had some difficulty in studying English last term.
88. Please keep your voice down.
89. Tom went to the zoo twice last year.
90. The meeting begins at half past nine.
91. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
92. Soon they all became interested in the subject.
93. The girl can sing many English songs.
94. They call me Lily sometimes.
95. My father bought me a new bike last week.
96. We have a great time at the party.
97. I will also be able to work outside sometimes.
98. Tom became an athlete three years.
99. I enjoy working with you.
100. Twenty years is a short time in history.
101. The man in blue is my brother.
102. To see is to believe.
103. I need a part-time job to get more money.
104. He worked hard last term.
105. I store my summer clothes in bags under my bed.
106. She visited Beijing in 2010.
107. Some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.
108. We have something to do tomorrow.
109. I find science really difficult.
110. Her voice sounds sweet.
111. They use Mr. or Mrs. before the family name.
112. I saw three aliens get out of the UFO.
113. The singers sing us another song.
Part 2 系动词与表语
一、什么是系动词
　　系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
注：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。
eg：He fell ill yesterday.　他昨天病了。(fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。)
eg：He fell off the ladder.　他从梯子上摔下来。(fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。)
二、系动词分类
状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。
He __________ ____________ _____________.他是一名教师。
以下可称之为半系动词
持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度。主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, hold
[例题]
Please keep _________/_________/_________/_________!请保持安静/沉默/冷静/健康！
The weather continues _________.天气仍然很好。
He still stays _________.他依然单身。
All the things remain _________.一切从未改变。
The house stood _________ for a long time.这座房子曾经闲置很久。
The book lies _________ on the desk.桌子上的书打开着。
He always _________ ________ at meeting.　他开会时总保持沉默。
表像/假象系动词：用来表示"看起来像"这一概念。主要有seem(似乎), appear(显得好像), look(看起来像), act, play...
另外act和play描述的是表象中的假象，意为「表现得，装作…的样子」。
Look / seem / appear | Your entire life seems (to be) bright.
Act | act更强调肢体动作上的表现
Shh... Act normal！
Don’t worry, I can act surprised.
Play | 相比于act更偏向肢体动作，而play更偏向态度，例如play nice「假装友善」，play dumb「装傻」。
Don't play dumb with me!
[例题]
He appeared to be _________ _________ _________.他似乎在自言自语。
The teacher looked _________，but was still cheerful.老师看起来很疲惫,但仍然很乐观。
感官系动词：表示人体感官的感受，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look，意为「...起来」
Look | The dress looks beautiful.
Sound | It’s your American accent. Everything you say sounds stupid.
Smell | It smells like bacon
Taste | I drank milk that tasted funny.
Feel | 摸上去，摸起来，感觉起来；觉得，有…的感觉
It doesn’t feel soft.
I just love decorating the Christmas tree. It makes me feel like a little girl again.
特别提醒：look, feel, taste,sound, smell作系动词时，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
The flowers smell sweet.
His idea sounds good.
The meal tastes delicious.
[例题]
I felt _________ at what he said.我听了他的话很高兴。
My first attempting a chocolate cake tasted _________.我首次试做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了。
Her voice sounds _________ to ears.她的声音听起来悦耳。
变化系动词：表示事物发展变化的过程。主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run, emerge
[例题]
Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly __________________.只有这样他们才能长大独立，真正地成功。
He stopped his car when the traffic light turned _________.当变红灯时他停下了车。
She is getting _________ and _________.她越来越胖了。
He asked for leave because his mother fell _________.他因为母亲生病而请假。
The milk easily goes _________ in hot weather.牛奶在热天易变酸。
The stream/well ran ___________.这条小溪/这口井干涸了。
The students came __________ when the teacher told a story.当老师讲故事的时候，学生就变得活跃起来。
As we grow _________, we know more and more.随着年龄增长，我们懂得越来越多。
He _________ _________ after that.　那之后他就发疯了。
终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，表达"证实"，"变成"之意。主要有prove, turn out, end up, come out
His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）
[例题]
His plan proved _________(practice). 他的计划被证明是切实可行的。
He said he was my father’s friend, but he _________ _________ to be a cheat.他说他是我爸爸的一个朋友，但结果却是个骗子。
实义动词与系动词意义上的不同
可以看到，这些词都是实义动词「兼职」做系动词，具体词义上往往也有或多或少的变化。
例如：
He kept the money in his pocket.实义动词，意为「保存、存放」之意，后面接宾语
He kept silent during the meeting.系动词，意为「保持……的状态」之意，后面接表语
如果不加以注意，很容易将实义动词与系动词的用法混淆
判别方法: 将疑似系动词的动词换成适当的be动词如果语义上大致能说得通，则是系动词否则是实义动词
将这一方法应用于刚才的例句中：
He was the money in his pocket. 【说不通】
He was silent during the meeting.【说得通】
半系动词与be动词的不同之处
①不管半系动词是作为系动词还是实意动词使用，变否定时要加助动词do/does/did，而be动词直接在be动词后面加not。
②be动词可作系动词和助动词，而其他动词可作为系动词和实意动词。
[例题]
1.— Are you Jack's friend (作肯定回答)
— Yes, ________ ________.
2.Black is my last name. (改为否定句)
Black ________ ________ my last name.
3.— Is she Gina (作否定回答)
— No, ________ ________.
系动词专项练习
一、单选题
1.Most work there difficult but most of the workers happy.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
2.Picking apples ____ __ more interesting than _ ____ lessons.
A. are; having B. is; having C. are; have D. be; having
3.About two fifths of the doctors _______________ women in the hospital.
A. is B. was C. are D. have
4._______ the students in our grade are 14 years old, and the rest _______ 15.
A. Hundreds of; are B. Two hundred; is C. Two hundreds of; is D. Two hundred of; are
5.— How much yogurt do we need
— Two spoons of yogurt ________ enough.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
6.—A number of volunteers _______ going to teach in China's countryside.
—Yes, the number _______ getting bigger and bigger.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
7.The number of the students in our class ______fifty. ______ of them ______boys.
A. is; 60 percents; are B. is; 60 percent; are C. are; 60 percent; is D. are; 60 percents; are
8.We should take more exercise to stay .
A. health B. healthy C. fat D. short
9.—Mum, the ice cream _________ so good. May I have some more
— I'm afraid not, Susie. You've eaten a whole box.
A. tastes B. smells C. looks D. feels
10.Your idea ____________ good. Let's give it a try and see if it will work.
A. sounds B. smells C. looks
11.The weather _______ to change every day: one day is hot, then the next day is cold.
A. seems B. feels C. looks D. sounds
12.Whenever I talk to my sister about her problem, she gets ______.
A. anger B. angry C. angrily D. to be angry
13.Drinking too much ___________________ your health.
A. do harm to B. is harm to C. is harmful to D. does harmful to
14.The flower __________________ so good. It makes the air in the room sweeter.
A. feels B. smells C. tastes D. sounds
15.The chicken wing tastes so _______________ that everyone likes it very much.
A. well B. good C. bad D. badly
16.— Can you help me meet my friend Steve at the airport, Joe
— With pleasure. What does he look like
— He ______________ of medium height and he ______________ small eyes.
A. has; has B. is; is C. has; is D. is; has
17.Sandy likes reading. It makes her ________.
A. feel happily B. feel happy C. to feel happily D. to feel happy
18.The cakes in the restaurant __________, so they __________ well.
A. are tasted nice, are sold B. taste terrible, are sold C. are tasted terrible, are sold D. taste nice, sell
二、填空
1.There________(be) a lot of traffic on the way to school but it got better when we were on the way back.
2.Everyone except Tom and John________(be) there when the meeting began.
3.Each of them________(be) looking forward to a holiday without work.
4.You look________(happy).What's wrong
5.Jay Chou's music ________ (sound) wonderful.
6.Ann will take this red dress because it ________ (feel) very soft.
7.Not only my friends but also I ________ interested in football and Messi ________ our favourite star. (be)
8.Climbing hills ________ good for our health. (be)
9.Mother got ________ (annoy) when she saw her son playing with the sick cat.
10.The old woman always feels ________ (lonely).
11.Singing and dancing ________(be) her favorite things.
12.The fish my mother cooks________(taste)nice.
13.The flower ________ (smell) sweet.
14.Go to bed if you feel________(sleep)．
15.It ________ (闻起来) so strong that I don' t like it at all.