阅读理解答题微技能 课件(共19张PPT)

(共19张PPT)
阅读理解答题微技能
---主旨大意题和标题归纳题
运用段落大意题解题技巧解题 ；
运用文章大意题解题技巧解题；
运用文本标题解题技巧解题；
通过本节课的学习，学生将能够：
考查考生分析、概括、归纳的综合能力。
考查考生对段落大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
题目类型常考查文章标题、中心思想、段落大意、主题句等等。
标题归纳题和主旨大意题：
例题分析1：2021丽水市中考阅读理解B篇（见学习单）
1. The first paragraph is mainly about_____.（作业本）
2. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about ( 杭州2021)
3. Paragraph 2 mainly tells us that_____is/are .....(嘉兴舟山2021)
4. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about (嘉兴2021)
5. The second paragraph maily talks about _______.(绍兴2021)
6. What is the main idea of the first two paragraghs （作业本）
7. The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that_______________.(丽水2021)
8. Which of the following can be the best topic sentence of Paragraph 2 (温州2021)
3.The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that____________．
A.collecting things has a lot of fun
B.cleaning up a park isn't your choice
C.the old people always need help
D.anything can become a volunteer job.
3.The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that____________．
A.collecting things has a lot of fun
B.cleaning up a park isn't your choice
C.the old people always need help
D.anything can become a volunteer job.
方法点拨：
1.仔细阅读题干，找到对应段落。
2.寻找主题句。
Maybe cleaning up a park isn't your choice, though. No problem! You can turn anything that matters to you into a volunteer project. Do you like playing chess, reading, or spending time with your pet You can volunteer to do what you love to do. For example, you could help at an old people's center, simply by talking or playing games with them to make their days better, If you're great at math or English, you could volunteer to be a homework helper at your school. You're always needed to walk dogs or play with cats. Or you can collect things for hopeless people, such as soap and toothbrushes.
主题句特点：
（1）结构简单，概括性强。　　
（2）位置（一般段前或者段后）
（3）段落中的其他句子起到解释支撑主题句的作用
In October 2002, Winston Churchill was chosen by the British people as “the greatest British man”. The great British men behind him were Shakespeare, Newton, and Darwin. But many people did not know that Churchill was thought to be a bad boy when he was a child.
At the age of seven, Winston Churchill was sent to a boarding school named St. George. The school rules were strict. He often got serious punishment. Churchill cried loudly and kicked wildly when he was beaten. At the end of the term, he returned home with a report card and pains all over his body. The report card said that he was “naughty”.
At the age of twelve, his father sent him to Harrow Public School, which was famous for training English gentlemen. Because he failed the entrance exam, he was placed in the last group of the class with worst grades. He fell behind the others in study. He gave many people the impression of low energy, strangeness, and lawlessness. Fortunately, he still had a friend, his grandfather. The American of great wealth who had experienced the world said, “Let him go! As long as boys have the chance to show their talents, they are sure to become better.” Churchill kept the words of his grandfather in mind, and secretly looked for it in his heart.
Many years later, Churchill was already a successful politician and writer. He worked as a reporter, as Secretary of the Navy, and as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He said, “My grandfather taught me that boys must choose their own path. I don’t have special talents and my success is by working hard.”
1. The second paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A．Churchill loved his school
B．Churchill got good education
C．Churchill got less punishment
D．Churchill was considered as a bad boy
1. What is the passage mainly about
A.Where animals live and how they look for food.
B.The relationship between animals and humans.
C.The different things animals can do in different countries.
D.What humans should do when communicating with animals.
1. What's the main/ general idea of the passage？(作业本)
2. What does the writer mainly want to tell us (导引2022)
3. What's the article/passage mainly about ？ (金华2021)
4. This passage/ text/reading is mainly about_____.(台州2021)
5. This passage mainly talks about___________.（台州2020）
6. The main idea of the passge is about______________.(作业本)
①Animal behavior (行为) is an interesting and attractive study. Scientists research the ways animals use to look for food. They study how animals protect themselves from their predators(敌人), and which animals kill other animals for food. All of this helps us understand how useful animals can be.
②Each county or culture raises some animals for food. In the United States, people mainly eat meat from cows, chickens and pigs. In other countries, people might raise sheep or buffalo for meat. These differences come in part from weather and other environmental conditions, People around the world eat all kinds of fish and shellfish from oceans and rivers. In some countries, people don't always choose some animal groups, such as dogs, for food while in other countries such animals may become people's favorite food.
③ In West Africa, animals provide humans with more than food. They have been helping people do daily work for thousands of years. Horses, oxen, and other work animals pull heavy things. Elephants; camels; and other animals carry people and things from place to place. Carrier pigeons (信鸽) have been used to send messages.
④People also receive health benefits (利益) from animals. For example, dogs and cats can help calm people down. This is helpful for people fighting illnesses. Animals can also reduce stress, helping people to draw their attention to learning new information, such as reading. When people are walking their dogs or horses, it encourages exercise.
⑤Animals and humans share space on Earth, so keeping a healthy relationship with animals, around us is in our best interest.
1. What is the passage mainly about
A.Where animals live and how they look for food.
B.The relationship between animals and humans.
C.The different things animals can do in different countries.
D.What humans should do when communicating with animals.
方法点拨：
1.分析文章结构。
2.寻找每段主题句。(主题句位置)
3.归纳文章主旨大意。
4.对比分析选项关键词。
1. What is the passage mainly about
A.The death of Emperor Qin Shihuang.
B.How the terracotta army was colored.
C.The true colors of the terracotta soldiers.
D.How the soldiers lived during Qin Dynasty.
方法点拨：
1.分析文章结构。
2.寻找每段主题句。
3.归纳文章主旨大意。
4.对比分析选项关键词。
If we want to grow as people, we can't just depend on our own evaluation（评价）of how we're doing. We also need to know what other people think about our performance. Receiving feedback（反馈）from others can help us see the larger picture and show us a way forward to success. However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you deal with this
First things first—if you notice a situation in which some feedback would be helpful, give it as soon as you can. If you wait until the matter disappears from the person's mind. they might not understand what you're trying to tell them. Take the person to a safe, comfortable place and offer your advice in private.
When you're giving feedback, it's important to keep in mind that no one likes to be told they're doing a bad job. Make sure you give an equal amount of good feedback to balance out anything bad. Like the saying goes, "A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.
All good feedback shares something in common. First, it should help achieve a goal. It's less useful to tell your friends that their dish tastes "interesting" than it is to suggest adding a little salt. Feedback should also look toward the future. You can't change what's already happened, but you can prevent it from happening again. Tell your friends they should take more notes in class instead of talking about how they should have studied harder for the big history exam they failed.
Finally, don't think your suggestion is the only correct way to deal with a situation. You might even end up with some feedback on your feedback. Don't take it personally--it can only help you give better advice next time
45. The passage is mainly about____________.
A. what characters good feedback includes
B. how people should give feedback properly
C. the differences between good and bad feedback
D. the importance of giving and receiving feedback
方法点拨：
1.分析文章结构。
2.寻找每段主题句。
3.归纳文章主旨大意。
4.对比分析选项关键词。
方法点拨：
1.分析文章结构。
2.寻找每段主题句。
3.归纳文章主旨大意。
4.分析选项关键词。
Traffic lights are red, yellow and green． They are very important signals（信号）． Traffic lights are usually placed at busy street corners to help control traffic． Sometimes， they are on streets near schools and shops，too． Most young children are taught what each of the colored lights means， so everybody can stay safe．
The first traffic signals were used for trains． The signals were put alongside railway tracks（轨道）．The color red was used to mean "stop" because it warned people of danger． A red light was also the easiest color to see from a distance． Train drivers could see the red "stop" light ahead and had enough time to slow down and stop their trains． A green light was used to mean "take care" and a white light meant "go"．
However， there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks． Some train drivers thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant"go"． So the signals were swapped． The "go" light was changed to green and the "take care" light was changed to white．
During these times， people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses．Years later，when cars were built， people began to drive them because they could travel much faster than horses． However， the road rules for drivers were not very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads．Yellow warning signs had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow people to cross safely．
Today， towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights． Red and green lights match the signals used on the railways． Yellow lights are easy to see， so they are used to warn drivers that they should slow down and prepare to stop．
4. What is the passage mainly about？　 　
A． The advantages of traffic lights．
B． The history of traffic lights．
C． The importance of traffic lights．
D． The meanings of traffic lights．
30. The passage mainly talks about ________.
A. why other countries are helping the Pacific Islanders fight climate change
B. how some countries are working hard to develop carbon-free technologies
C. how Pacific Island countries are working together to fight shipping pollution
D. why Pacific Island countries put out so much of the world's carbon emissions
方法点拨：
1.分析文章结构。
2.寻找每段主题句。
3.归纳文章主旨大意。
4.分析选项关键词。
Living on an island might sound wonderful. But what it you left for a trip and found you could never return What if your home, and even the land it stood on, was gone forever For people living in the Pacific Islands, this is really possible.
Why Climate（气候)change. Climate change is causing the sea to rise. That’s bad news for the Pacific Islands. Young people on the islands are even starting to wonder: Will they be the last generation(一代人)
Not if the islanders have anything to do about it. These people are deeply connected to their homelands. The Pacific Islands are made up of 1l different countries: the Marshall Islands, Fuji, Samoa, and others. But now, those countries are working together. They're joining forces to fight climate change.
Why is climate change such a huge threat to this part of the world Islands are low elevations(海拔). So they are among the first places influenced by rising sea levels. That's why countries of the Pacific Islands are working together to do their part.
But these are small countries. When it comes to climate changecan they make a big difference They can, because most of the things that people on islands buy are brought by ships. This is very harmful to the environment. After all, ships put out almost 3 percent of the world's carbon emissions (碳排放), That makes climate change worse.
Pacific Islanders realize the problem. So, in 2019, six countries got together: Fuji, the Marshall islands, Samoa, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, They came up with a plan. They agreed to cut carbon emissions from shipping by 40 percent by 2030. And by 2050, they expect zero-carbon shipping.
How will they pull this off They plan to use some really to use some really cool carbon-free technologies. They'll make use of solar and wind energy.
Sea levels are rising, but hopes aren't sinking in the Pacific Islands.
1. The best title of the passage might be “___________”.（丽水2021）
2. The best title for the passage can be ___________.(绍兴诸暨市2021)
3. The best title for the passage can probably be _________.(台州2021)
4. What's the best title of/for the passage (绍兴2021)
5. What may be the best title of this passage (杭州2021)
6. Which is the best title for the passage (湖州2021)
7. Which of the following might/would/can be the best title for the passage/test (温州2020)(金华2021)
标题归纳题特点：
短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；
涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；
精确性强，表达范围要恰当。
标题归纳题
For as long as we can remember, one of the most popular ways parents use to punish their children has been the "time out".
It seems that it is a good idea: the child sits on his own to reflect (反思) on what he has done. Then, when the time is up, he will apologize and learn from the mistake.
However, just because it's something that's been done for years, that doesn't mean it is the right thing to do. In fact, very often, children don't sit nicely and think about what they've done. Instead, they need to be told a few (or many) times to go back to their places and stay quiet. They're not reflecting on why they are in the "time out" at all. More likely than not, they're probably just really angry, and 'so' are the parents. In the end, both the parents and the children make each other unhappy, or even angry.
What can parents do to change this situation You may have already heard of things like peaceful parenting (育儿) and gentle parenting. These focus on the relationship between parent and child through building trust and love. So, instead of starting a "time out", try something called "time in". A "time in" needs both parent and child to stay close until both get calm. After that, the parent, and child can discuss what happened and solve the problem together. If the child can make changes, everyone can then move on.
As we all know, punishment and violence (暴力) seldom work and will never teach the children what the right way to act is. A "time in" can be the great time for the children to learn through mistakes, Kids learn how to build their emotional and social skills through difficult situations. So, instead of punishing them for acting their age, we can use chances to teach and guide them to a place of learning.
A "time in" may take more time, but it does work.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A.Why not “time in”
B.Learn from mistakes
C."Time out" or "time in"
D.No violence at home!
方法点拨：
1. 寻找每段主题句
2. 理清主题句关系
3. 归纳中心思想
4. 注意核心词汇和信息 (反复出现)。
5.提炼文章标题。
32. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. Balalaika: The "Russian Guitar" for the Poor
B. Russia: The Home of Famous Balalaika Musicians
C. Balalaika: A Traditional Russian Musical Instrument
D. Russia: The International Hand-made Balalaika Factory
The balalaika, also called the "Russian guitar", is a traditional Russian musical instrument. It has a long neck, a wooden triangle-shaped body and strings. It is usually used to play Russian music by plucking the strings with fingers or a pick.
Russians like the balalaika. The music played with it can be cheerful, as if the farmers were dancing happily to celebrate their harvest. It can also be energetic, as if the workers were working hard to make their country richer and stronger. If a Russian moves to live or work abroad, he will probably take a balalaika with him. When he feels lonely and sad, he will play it to cheer himself up.
The balalaika was originally played by the poor in Russia. At that time, balalaikas were made by the players themselves. They were rough, simple and cheap with different numbers of strings, from two to even six. Later a Russian musician Vasily Vasil'yevich Andreev (1861-1918) improved the balalaka. He created a whole family of balalaikas of different sizes, all with three strings. The smallest balalaika is called Prima. It is 60-70cm long. The biggest, Contrabass, is almost 2metres high with a leg to sit on the floor. Andreev founded the first balalaika orchestra in the world, mainly using balalaikas to perform. He gave concerts at the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1889, which was a great success.
Today, there are blalaika groups performing around the world. More and more people get to know the balalaika and are attracted by its Russian style music.
It's been 100 years since the actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin produced the film The Kid, which many consider to be his greatest one.2·1·c·n·j·y
Like all films at the time, The Kid was made in black and white and was silent(made without any sound, not even the characters talking). The story is about the relationship between" the Tramp", played by Chaplin, and his adopted (领养的) child, played by Jackie Coogan. The pair develop a partnership where the six-year-old boy breaks windows and runs away, so that Chaplin's character can offer his services as a window fixer.
Although the film is a comedy, it also has some tragedy, reflecting Chaplin's own life. He started testing actors for the role of The Kid just a few days after his baby son had died. Chaplin was known for being hard to please, and it is said that if he could, he would have played every role in every one of his films. When Chaplin visited a theatre, a dancer brought his son, Jackie Coogan, on stage, and Chaplin knew he had his co-star（联袂主演者）. Chaplin later wrote, "All children in some form have talents; the trick is to bring it out in them. With Jackie it was easy. "
Like the Kid in the film, Chaplin and his brother Sydney grew up very poor. They lived in London and were raised by their mother, When Chaplin was 10 years old, his mum became too ill to look after her sons, so they had to take care of themselves. He later wrote that the film sets in The Kid were based (基于) on the places where he and Sydney had lived with their mother as children. "Perhaps that's why the film had some truth, "he said.
4.What's the best title for the passage
A.A film about a dancer
B.A family in London
C.A place or film-making
D.A life on film
段落大意题: 1.仔细阅读题干，找到对应段落。
2.寻找主题句。
文章大意题: 1.分析文章结构。 2.寻找每段主题句。
3.归纳文章主旨大意。4.分析选项关键词。
标题归纳题:1. 寻找每段主题句
2. 理清主题句关系
3. 归纳中心思想
4. 注意核心词汇和信息(反复出现)
5.提炼文章标题。
1.整理阅读理解标题归纳题和主旨大意题的答题要点；
2.运用这节课所学的“阅读理解标题归纳题和主旨大意题微技能”
完成《复习导引》 P129（十），P131（十二）P132-133（十三）P141-142（十九）。
I came to the United States from Africa to live with my uncle Jim in Maryland. One year later, I lost my sight because of a serious illness.
Jim told me not to go out. He worried I would get lost or hit by a car. But I was dogged. I told him I'd pay attention. I believed I'd succeed. I must succeed. I must put my will into action. I dreamed of being a broadcaster.
Then a neighbor told me that a pubic library in Washington D. C. was offering a free course, specially designed for blind people. This was an important chance for me.
But how would I map my way I knew that the American singer Ray Charles, also blind, got around on his own without a cane(手杖). His secret was to count steps. But I couldn't seem to do that way. Instead I developed my imagination, sensing the layout (布局) of places I visited and taking notes of landmarks in my mind.
A first, I would have to stop to imagine and map a new space in my mind. The next time I visited that place, I'd use that to find the way. Today, I am used to doing it. But I've still lost my way many times. I'd have to swallow my pride to ask for help, not thinking what others think or say about me.
Sometimes I'd be down and I'd consider giving up. Perhaps my uncle was right. Maybe I'd stay home and wait until someone came to help. On those days when I lost my way, I'd go to bed with a bad feeling ▲ . I had a strong wish to beat blindness and be successful, and that was usually enough to get me out of bed the next day and try again.
Along the way I learned to be patient with myself and realized that asking for help didn't diminish(贬低) me in any way. I've got three academic degrees so far.
Today, I'm a reporter and broadcaster. I've achieved my dream.
Yes, I've lost my way many times一 and found it again. Yes, I've come close to being hit by a car but never been hit by one. When people ask, "Aren't you afraid to be out alone " the answer to me is clear: I would face danger and find happiness instead of staying home and being unhappy.
（4）The best tile of this passage might be ________________.
A.An Imagination to SucceedB.Life with My UncleC.A Common Way to SuccessD.Study in the Library