2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案介词及介词短语

五 介词及介词短语
考点一：时间介词
in/on/at
in 用在世纪、年份、季节、月份，不特定的上、下午和晚上等词前面。 in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代； in 1995 在1995年； in May，1992 在1992年5月； in spring／summer／autumn／winter； in the morning／afternoon／evening
on 用在星期、日期、节日名词前，表示具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。 on December 1st，1994 在1994年12月1日； on Monday morning 在星期一上午； on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨； on the night of October 22nd 在10月22日晚上； on Christmas Day 在圣诞节； on Teachers’ Day 在教师节
at 用在点钟、黎明、中午、黄昏、半夜以及周末等词前。 at six o’clock 在6点钟； at dawn 在黎明；at noon 在中午； at night在晚上；at the weekend 在周末
注意:在以this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如: I will go to Beijing next week. 下周我将去北京。
2.其余表示时间的介词辨析
for 与 in ① “for+时间段”表示“……多长时间”，一般用于现在完成时，用 “How long”提问。谓语动词只能用延续性动词。 She has worked there for four years. 她已经在那里工作4年了。 I have been married for three years. 我已经结婚三年了。
②“in+时间段”表示“……多久之后”，用于将来时，用 “How soon”提问。 Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes 你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗
since 意为“自从，自……以后”，后接时间点，通常与完成时连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。 The factory has been there since spring 1989. 那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。
before 表示“在......之前” Wash hands before dinner. 晚饭前要洗手。
after 用在一般将来时中，表示“……之后”， 后接时间点。 He'll come back after two o'clock. 他将在两点后回来。
用在一般过去时中，表示“……之后”， 后接时间段。 He got back from the U．S.after two weeks. 两周后他从美国返回了。
during 表示“在……期间” Students take part in all kinds of activities during the class break. （在课间）
through 表示“从……开始到……结束”，强调动作发生的全过程 It's very hot through the whole summer this year.今年整个夏天都很热。
from 表示“从……起”，常与介词to搭配：from… to… Students have classes from Monday to Friday.学生从周一到周五上课。
until/till 用于肯定句，意为“直到……为止”，谓语动词需用延续性动词 I waited for you until two o'clock yesterday.我昨天等你直到两点。
用于否定句，”not...until”意为“直到……才”，谓语动词用短暂性动词 The child didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.孩子昨天晚上直到十一点才上床睡觉
by 最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前(可表示现在、过去或将来) He must have returned by next Monday. 他下周一一定就回来了。
“到……时候；当(某时候)到了” By the time you get home，it will be dark. 当你回家时，天都黑了。
past和to 在点钟的表达中，past意为“过”，to意为“差” five past two 两点过五分 2：05 five to two 两点差五分1：55
同步练习：
一、用at, in, on, / 填空.
____my ninth birthday ____June ____weekdays ____2022 ________this morning
____ dark在天黑时 ____spring ____the 1990s ____6:00 ______last week
____ June, 2010 ____Children’s Day ____ a rainy morning ______ July 2nd
二、单项选择
( )1. Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races _ 9：00 a．m.__the morning of June 7.
at；in　 　B．on；on　 　C．on；in　 　D．at；on
( )2. --Did you get WeChat Red Envelops ______ the Spring Festival
--Yes. It’s actually the most popular way of sending traditional holiday presents now.
A．by B．with C．during D．for
( )3.My family moved to England in 2010 and we have lived here ________ 10 years.
A. within B. past C. in D. for
( )4. —How long have you lived in the new flat —______ 2010.
A．In B．After C．Since D．Before
( )5. My mother has gone to Hangzhou for business, and she will be back _____ two months.
for B．in C．to D．after
( )6. I often do volunteer work in the library_____Sundays.
at B．in C．on D．for
( )7. Doctors say that the first 10 minutes _____a traffic accident is important for saving a life.
in B. after C. before D. during
( )8. Tom watched the World Cup ____11:30 last night.
when B. unless C. until D. on
( )9. The Manned Spacecraft(载人飞船) Shenzhou-12 was sent up into space ___June 17, 2021.It made all of us excited. A. at B. in C. on D. since
( )10. It's hard to turn down(拒绝) a banana.They taste good and you don't have to wash them ____eating them.
A．until B． after C．before D． during
考点二：方位介词
at, in, on与to辨析
at at+小地点(车站、电影院等) at home在家 sit at the table 坐在桌旁 at the station在车站
用于门牌号码前 at 403 Book Street在书街403号
in in+大地点（洲名、国家名、城市名等） in China在中国 in Asia在亚洲 in Lanzhou在兰州
“在......里”包含在内 (在周围的环境是立体的地方) in a forest在森林里 in the sky在天空中 in his schoolbag in space在宇宙中
on 与……表面相接触 on the floor 在地板上
在任何广阔的面上 on the farm/moon在农场上/在月球上
“接壤；紧挨”等 Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River. 武汉紧挨着长江。
to 相邻（两个个体之间有一定距离） Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east. 日本在亚洲东部(范围内)，中国东面(不接壤)，东临太平洋(接壤)。
above，over，on，under与below辨析
above “在……的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。 The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
over “在……正上方”，表示两者不接触。 We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。
on “在……的上面”，指一个物体在另一个物体的表面上，即相互接触。 There are many books on the desk. 书桌上有许多书。
under “在……正下方”，表示两者不接触。 My cat is lying under the chair. 我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
below “在……的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。 The coat reaches below the knees. 那件大衣盖过膝盖。
in front of与in the front of辨析
in front of 在物体外部的前面（独立） There is a big tree in front of his house.他家前面有一棵大树。
in the front of 在空间内部的前面（包含） Mary is near sighted, so she sits in the front of the classroom.玛丽眼睛近视，因此坐在教室前面。
across与through辨析
across 从平面横穿 cross(动词)＝go/walk across You should be careful when you cross(go/walk across)the street.过马路时要小心。
through 从空间穿过 The flight flew through the clouds.飞机穿过了层。
between与among辨析
between 在......（两者）之间 Tom sits between Mike and Jim. 汤姆坐在迈克和吉姆之间。
among 在......（三者或三者以上） 之间 Li Gang is the tallest among the three boys. 三个男孩中李刚最高。
其它方位介词
near 在……附近 My home is near the school.
beside 在……旁边 Come and sit beside me.
next to 紧靠着……；相邻 The supermarket is next to the post office.
behind 在……后面 Li Lei is behind the door.
around 绕着；在......周围 look around around the world
along 沿着，顺着 Walk along the road.
towards 朝；向...... walk towards Li Ming
into 到......里面；进入 Come into the house.
outside 在......外面 outside the building
inside 在......里面 inside the office
by 靠近；在......边上 (比near更近一些) by the river
同步练习：
( )1. It's reported that the high speed rail will be operated the next year ______ the two cities.
A．across B．among C．between D．beside
( )2. Mr. Green's office is ______ the 26th floor.You can take the lift there.
A．at B．in C．on D．for
( )3. You must be careful when you swim ______ the lake.
A．across B．below C．over D．through
( )4. Taiwan lies ______ the east of Fujian Province, ________ the southeast of China.
A．on；in B．to；in C．on；to D．to；on
( )5. It's a little hot today. A group of kids are playing games ______ the tree happily.
A．below B．under C．beneath D．above
( )6. In the picture, he sits ______ me, looking very happy.
A．beside B．among C．up D．through
( )7. The lake is very clear, we can even see the fish swimming ______ it.
A．in B．on C．to D．behind
( )8. A woman stood ______ the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.
past B．through C．across D．by
( )9. It's cool outside. Let's take a walk ________ the river after dinner.
A. along B. through C. upon D. over
( )10. In which of the following pictures is the dog behind the sofa？
B. C. D.
考点三：方式介词
by by＋交通工具 ...by car=take a car=...in a car ...by bus=take a bus=...on a bus ...by bike=ride a bike=...on a bike
by＋v. ing形式， 表示“通过……方式” He learns English by listening to the radio. 他通过听收音机学英语。
In in＋语言、声音等 Please say it in Chinese.请用汉语说它。 in a low voice低声地 Don't write in pencil.不要用铅笔写。
on on＋电器 On TV/the radio/the phone 通过电视/收音机/电话
With With+工具、身体部位等，表示“用” Cut the apple with the knife.用刀子切这个苹果。 Make a better life with your hands.
同步练习：
( )1. ______ all his pocket money, Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother's Day.
A．With B．For C．By D．In
( )2. When I got into the room, Sue was talking ______ the phone.
A．with B．on C．to D．in
( )3. Could you tell me what it is ______ Japanese
A．for B．in C．with D．by
( )4. They save money ______ cooking their own meals instead of eating out.
A．for B．in C．with D．by
5. They walked to the bus stop yesterday afternoon.(同义句转换)
They went to the bus stop ______ _______yesterday afternoon.
6.They flew from London to Paris last Saturday.(同义句转换)
They went from London to Paris ______ _______ last Saturday.
He rode his bike to a farm yesterday afternoon.(同义句转换)
He went to a farm ______ _______ yesterday afternoon.
考点四：其它介词
about 大约 The book costs about $10.
关于 I have already heard about him.
as 像；如同 as big as
作为；当作 As a student, we should work hard.
like 像……一样;例如 Tom does many sports, like jumping and running.
against 对抗；和……竞争，其反义词为for，意为“支持，赞成” Our team played against yours and we won. 我们队和你们队比赛，我们队赢了。
for 支持 I voted for Tom. 我投了汤姆的票。
表示动作的对象或接受者，意为“为，给” I will buy a beautiful present for her.
表示理由或原因，意为“因为，由于” Thanks a lot for your advice.
表示一段时间或距离 We haven't seen each other for a long time.
of ......的（表示所属） a friend of mine
表示数量或种类 a glass of water
with 表示伴随，意为“和……一起” He came in with a book in his hand. 他进来了，手里拿着一本书。
except 除了......（不包括） Everyone is very happy except him. 除了他每个人都很开心。
besides 除了......还有（包括） Besides reading，I also like listening to music. 除了读书，我也喜欢听音乐。
including 包括；包含 Ten people were killed in the traffic accident，including a baby.在这次交通事故中有10个人丧生，其中包括一个婴儿。
without 没有 He just left without saying goodbye. 他没说再见就走了。
同步练习：
( )1.I think tea will taste better _____ some milk in it.
A．for B． with C．from D． at
( )2. Could you please give me a hand I can't complete the task on time ______ your help.
A．without B．under C．with D．at
( )3. Before you go to Canada, you need to learn more ______ it.
A．from B．in C．about D．for
( )4. Tony gets up early in the morning.He likes to make breakfast ______ his family.
A．at B．by C．for D．in
( )5. Yesterday we played football ______ Class 6.We won the game at last.
A．for B．against C．between D．on
( )6. In my opinion, friends are __books--They can give us a lot of help when we are in trouble.
about B. like C. over D. among
( )7. Who is the boy _____ a blue T shirt —He is my cousin.
A．on B． in C．of D． as
( )8. You can buy some new books at a lower price ________ a member of our bookstore.
at B. along C. as D. from
( )9. Alice，would you like to go hiking with us —What a pity！I'm free every day ____ today.
A．for B． except C．besides D． among
( )10. Kate felt excited to see a group of sheep walking ____her into a village in Qinghai.
over B. past C. across D. through
考点五：介词短语及固定搭配
1．常见介词短语及介词与名词的固定搭配
◆与at搭配 (
1
)
at once立刻　　　　　　
at first起初，起先
at birth出生时
at present目前，现在
at home在家
at school在上学
at night在晚上
at noon在中午
at sea在海上
at the table在桌子旁
at the meeting在会上
at the same time同时
at the foot of在……脚下
at times有时
at the end of在……结尾
at least至少
at the age of在……岁时
◆与by搭配
by hand用手做　　　　　
by bus坐公交车
by air坐飞机
by train坐火车
by ship坐轮船
by mistake错误地
by the way顺便说一下
by oneself单独地
by the time到……的时候
by accident偶然地
by the end of到……结束
◆与in搭配
in fact事实上　
in life一生中
in line成一直线，排队
in order整齐，按顺序
in order to为了
in public当众
in space在太空
in the sun在阳光下
in style时髦的；流行的
in time及时
in town在镇上
in person亲自；亲身
in silence安静地；沉默
in surprise惊奇地
in trouble处于困境
in English用英语
in a word总而言之
in a hurry匆忙，急忙
in a row一排；一列；一行 in a low voice小声地
in the end最后
in the air在传播中
in the way挡道；妨碍
in the street在街上
in the future在未来
in the distance在远处
in agreement意见达成一致
in need在危急中，急需
◆与on搭配
on duty值日；值班
on foot步行
on sale廉价销售；出售
on show展出
on time准时，按时
on business出差
on display陈列，展览
on vacation在度假
on weekends在周末
on the left在左边
on the right在右边
on one's own独自
on the top of在……顶部
on one's way to
在某人去……的路上
◆其他
during the day在白天
out of sight消失，看不见
out of breath上气不接下气
to one's surprise
使某人吃惊的是
to be honest 老实来讲
with the help of
在……的帮助下
between…and…
在……和……之间
instead of代替，而不是
for example=such as 例如
after all 毕竟；终究
because of 因为
from now on 从现在开始
2．介词与动词的固定搭配
agree with同意
worry about 担心
think about 考虑
wait for 等待
ask for 要求
leave for前往
begin with 以......开始
learn from…从/向……学习
protect…from…
保护……免受……
look up查阅；向上看
look for 寻找
look at 看
look after 照顾
look over检查
succeed in 在......方面成功
look forward to (doing) 期待
pay attention to (doing)
注意......
provide…for…
为……提供……
prepare for 为......做准备
according to 根据
thanks to 幸亏
hear of 听说
hear from 收到某人的来信
die of 死于
fill with 装满
run across 偶然碰到
write to 写信给......
laugh at 嘲笑
send for 派人去请
depend on依赖、依靠
catch up with赶上
get on / along with
与……相处
3．介词与形容词的固定搭配(be＋形容词＋介词)
be amazed at对……感到惊讶
be angry with生(某人的)气
be excited about对……感到兴奋
be interested in对……感兴趣
be polite to 对......有礼貌
be friendly to 对......友好
be harmful to 对......有害
be famous for因……而著名
be pleased with对……感到满意
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be patient with 对......有耐心
be strict with sb.对某人要求严格
be strict in sth.对某事要求严格
be proud of对……感到骄傲
be ready for为……准备好
be worried about为……担心
be afraid of害怕　　
be busy with忙于……
be good at擅长于
be full of充满
be late for迟到
be popular with受……欢迎
be absent from缺席
be different from 与......不同
be similar to 和......相似
be separated from 和......分开
be hard on sb. 对......某人苛刻
be made from 由......制成（看不出原材料）
be made of 由......制成（能看出原材料）
be made in +地点 由......制造
be made by +人 由......制造
be made into 被制成......
be made up of 由......组成
句型
①It’s +adj. +for sb. +to do
②It’s +adj. +of sb. +to do
③It’s time for sb. to do sth.
④spend some time (in) doing
⑤waste some time (in) doing
⑥have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth
⑦be busy (in) doing sth
⑧stop / prevent sb (from) doing sth
同步练习：
一、单项选择
( )1. This school is different ______ the others.It has many out of class activities.
A．for B．from C．of D．as
( )2. Your gloves should be made ______ leather, for they feel soft and smooth.
A．in B．on C．of D．for
( )3. New Year is coming，we should make resolutions ______ the beginning of the year.
A．to B．on C．at D．by
( )4. Remember to arrive at the school gate ______ tomorrow morning.
A．on purpose B．on time C．on duty D．on show
( )5. When we do shopping in the supermarket, we'd better use cloth bags ______ plastic ones.
A．in spite of B．because of C．ahead of D．instead of
( )6. Xiao Wei is a good friend indeed.He is always there whenever I am ______.
A．in trouble B．in style C．in order D．in person
( )7. —Do you miss Mr. Chen —Yes.I do.____, have you ever heard from him since he left
A．In the way B．On the way C．By the way D．To the way
( )8. Everyone wants to win.But _____ me, the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. A. as for B．thanks to C．along with D．except for
( )9. ____ a new study from the World Health Organization, music can make us happier and healthier.
A. According to B. Thanks to C. Because of D. Instead of
( )10.It's not surprising that Jack got full marks in the test. _____, he studied hardest in our class.
A. In time B. After all C. On purpose D. At once
二、完成句子
1. 这件连衣裙是在中国银行对面的服装店买的。
This dress was bought in the clothing shop __________ ___________ the Bank of China.
蓝鲸现在正处于危险之中，因此我们应该努力保护它们。
Blue whales are ___________ ____________ now, so we should try to protect them.
在那个年代，书籍是靠手工制作的。
In those days, books were produced ____________ ____________.
许多年轻人喜欢在周末围着公园跑步。
Many young people prefer to run ___________ __________ __________ at weekends.
同时做两件不同的事对我来说很难。
It's very difficult for me to do two different things _________ ________ ________ ________ .
老实说，这个游戏太无聊了以至于我不想再玩了。
________ ________ ________ ,this game is so boring that I don't want to play it again.
7.你不应该对你的妈妈大喊大叫。你应该对她有礼貌。
You shouldn't shout at your mom. You should ________ ________ ________ her.
8. 老师们对学生们的成就感到非常骄傲。
Teachers ________ great ________ in their students’ achievements.
9. 你至少要花半个小时才能到达那里。
It will take you _________ _________ half an hour to get there.
10. 这个航班因恶劣天气延误了。
The flight was delayed __________ _________ the bad weather.