2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句复习复习课件（40张）

(共39张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive Clause
定语从句
基础知识
定语从句：是指在复合句中，
修饰名词或代词的从句.
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ 先行词 ”
引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”
关系词
定语从句
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
先行词
放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句
连接作用
1.
2.
在从句中充当成分
后
The man
who lives next to us
who
两者关系：关系词代替先行词
关系词
The man who stands there is my head teacher.
I really appreciate the works that were written by Mo Yan.
He always lies to me, which makes him unreliable.
The Disney park where we had great time is popular with tourists.
I agree with your suggestion that we should strike a balance between work and entertainment.
先行词
人
物
一件事情
who
that
which
where
that
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
that, which, who, whom, whose,as
where, when, why
引导定语从句
替代先行词
在从句中充当成分
定语从句
1. He is a helpful boy who deserves praising.
2. I know the boy whom teachers all like.
3. These are the students that won the first prize last year.
4. I remember that girl whose English is quite well.
5. It is not only a dog which guards our home but also it is our friend.
6. Xi’an is a good place whose food are delicious.
7. This is the tree that was planted last year.
8. She is not the girl that she used to be.
9. As we all know/ As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.
小组讨论:观察句子中的关系代词及其规律
指人 指物 主语 (宾语)可省略 表语 定语
Who
Whom
Which
that
whose
as
三、关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系
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★(不省略）
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1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.
Friends are those who you can turn to when you are in trouble.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
Do you know the boy(whom) we met at the gate
你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗
关系代词
3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
The exact year(which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
The company (which/that) was founded in 2001, has made great achievements.
4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语或表语,做宾语时常可省略。
She is the writer(that) I want to see very much.
Among the many dangers(that) sailors have to face , probably the greatest of all is fog.
She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood
关系代词
5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。The books on the desk , whose covers are shiny , are prizes for us.
桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。
The house whose windows are very large is my uncle’s
那些窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。
关系代词
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1） as引导限制性定语从句
主句中出现the same，as，such，so修饰先行词，需选择as作
关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，
常见结构the same...as...，such...as...，as/so...as...等。
例如：
It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.
Such girls as he knows are good at English.
She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.
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2） as引导非限制性定语从句
常有＂正如……＂的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主句之前，
也可置于主句之后。as多用于固定搭配中：
as is known to all/as we all know 众所周知
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as is mentioned 正如上面所提到的
as is often the case 通常就是这样
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2） as引导非限制性定语从句
As you know, David is a photographer.
=David, as you know, is a photographer.
= David is a photographer, as you know.
基础知识
1.限定性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整、不明确或不合逻辑；限定性定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。
This is the man who had once stolen my wallet.
2.非限定性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词做附加说明。如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚，非限定性定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开
My father, who works in a hospital, often warns me not to smoke.
4.非限定性定语从句，先行词可以是整个句子，此时用关系代词which或as
He was admitted into Beijing university, which made the whole family excited.
As is known to us all, Taiwan belongs to China.
3.引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词不可用that,指人时用who(主语），whom(宾语），指物时用which
Dinner starts with a small dish, which is called a start.(which不能换为that)
He will go to see his wife, who is in Beijing.
He has many friends, some of whom are actors and actresses.
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【易混辨析】as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as which
指代 指代整个主句所表达的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句中的一部分
位置 as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、句中或主句之后 which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后
意义 常常有＂正如，正像，关于这一点＂的含义 which引导的从句常常说明主句的情况，和主句往往有逻辑上的因果关系。which的意思相当于and this
Attention：
1). 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况。
1 .当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , few, little, all, none, the one, some, much, any等不定代词时
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
Attention：
2.先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the first book (that) he has read.
Attention：
3.先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any, every，each，few，little，no，some等修饰时。
The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
Attention：
4.先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
They will never forget the things and persons that they‘ve seen or heard of during their long journey.
5.当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时
Who is the man that is standing there
Attention：
2)．关系词只用which而不用that的情况：
1.引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2015·福建卷)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。
Attention：
2.当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时。
Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now
你找到我刚才写字用的那支钢笔了吗
Attention：
有些情况只能用关系词who，而不能用that。
1.当先行词为all指人或anyone，everyone，No one，anybody，everybody，somebody时用who.
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
2.在there be句型中，先行词指人，关系词用who
There is an old man who wants to see you.
沙场秋点兵
找出定语从句，先行词，并判断关系词及其在从句中充当的成分
1.She is the old woman who greeted me this morning.
2. Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan.
3. It snowed heavily last night, which caused the delay.
4. The little boy whose father is a policeman behaves well in the school.
5.This is the house that the great man was born in.
6. As you know, the people who laugh last laugh best.
沙场秋点兵
1.He is a man ______ never tells a lie.
2. Mouse is the first animal ______ arrived ahead of other 11 animals.,mn
3. A dictionary is a tool_______ often helps us to know the meanings of the words.
4. He stayed up late last night, ______ was the reason.
5. The boy _________father is a professor is one of my best friends.
6. The house ________roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.
7. Practice makes perfect, ______ the saying goes.
8. This is the very book______I am looking for.
9. I will never forget the author and his works ______ have influenced me a lot.
10. She is a dependable friend _______ you can always turn to.
that
which/that
which
whose
whose
who/that
as
that
that
whom/who
关系副词
关系副词 先行词 成份
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
关系副词
1. Xinjian is the place _______I was born.
3. The reason _____I like English is because of my English teacher.
2. I’ll never forget the day _________I began to learn English.
从句主干成分______
时间：time, day, morning, night, week, year
地点：place, street, city, town, country
做笔记
在从句中做______
where
when
why
原因：reason
状语
完整
先行词和________________ 有关
时间、地点、原因
7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time,day,week,year,month等,常用on which,in which,at which,during which等代替。
As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.
作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。
I am looking forward to the day when/on which my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。
8.where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。
The house where/in which he lives is near the river.
他住的房子在河边。
注意高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity等。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where/in which they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参加社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。
9.why 指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用for which来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。
Tell me the reason why/for which you came late.
告诉我你来晚了的原因。
注意用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
练 习
2.This is the mountain village ___________ I stayed last year.
3.I’ll never forget the summer holiday ___________ I worked together with you.
1.The reason ___________ he can’t come is that he is ill.
for which/why
in which/where
during which/when
4.This is the mountain village _________ I visited last year.
5.I’ll never forget the days __________I spent in the countryside
that/ which
（that/ which)
不缺
不缺
不缺
缺少宾语
缺少宾语
3.看先行词
2. 看从句是否缺主宾表定
1. 找从句
vt.
vi.
vt.
6.Do you have anything _______ you want to say for yourself
缺少宾语
(that)
易错点
where=表示地点的介词+which
1
in, at, on, under
Chongren is the place where I was born.
Nanchang is the place in which I was born.
I was born_______ Nanchang
in
做笔记
The farm where I lived as a little child was rebulit.
I lived _______ the farm as a little child.
on
The farm on which I lived as a little child was rebulit.
易错点
when=表示时间的介词+which
2
in, at, on, during
I began to learn English _______ the day
on
I’ll never forget the day when I began to learn English.
I’ll never forget the day on which I began to learn English.
做笔记
It was an unforgetable trip when we enjoyed fantastic scenery.
We enjoyed fantastic scenery _________ the trip.
during
It was an unforgetable trip during which we enjoyed fantastic scenery.
易错点
why=for+which
3
I like English _______ the reason.
for
The reason why I like English is because of my English teacher.
The reason for which I like English is because of my English teacher.
The air, __________ we can't live is very important.
without which
1. 介词+关系代词
1. 先行词指人——whom
The girl to whom Casimodo talks is a dancer.
动词搭配 talk to
2. 先行词指物——which
This was a book on which I spent 3 three hours.
动词搭配 spent sth on sth
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
4. 关系代词前介词的确定
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:
1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.
2. The student ________ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.
3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me.
4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet
5. The tower _____ which people can have a good view is on the hill.
6. The man______ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at boxing.
for
about
on
without
Can you work them out
from
to
如何选定定语从句关系词
1.分辨主句和定语从句
2.确定定语从句的先行词（人/物/人和物）
3.把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成分（主语 宾语 定语）
4.若先行词在从句中做主语,宾语，定语或者则用关系代词。
谢谢观赏
Thank You For Watching