2022年外研版初中英语专题复习学案：时态六-现在完成时

考点六：现在完成时
定义：现在完成时( The Present Perfect Tense)是过去的动作或状态持续到现在，或对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。
具体可分为以下两种情况：
①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
②过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成或可能持续下去。
2.结构是： 主语+have/has(主语为三单）+V过去分词+其他
肯定句： 主语+have/has(主语为三单）+V过去分词+其他
否定句： 主语+have/has(主语为三单）+not+V过去分词+其他
has/have+not =haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑问句：
Have/Has+主语+V过去分词+其他
肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.
否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
3.标志词：常与for或since引导的时间连用,还有so far, up to/till now, in/ the last/past+一段时间，all one’s life, by now, these days, for two years、since 1984、since he came here等。
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed ”。 work---worked,visit---visited (2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“-d ”。 live---lived (3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“-ed”。 study—studied,cry—cried,try—tried (4)“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母（w、y、x除外），辅音字母前只有一个元音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。 stop—stopped,plan—planned 特例：有两类动词本身应该直接加“-ed”，但由于历史习惯，依旧要双写最后一个字母，再加“-ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“-ed”。例如cancel→cancelled，dial→dialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“-ed”。例如：kidnap→kidnapped，worship→worshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“-ed”。
★区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.
英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是短暂性动词。延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work, read, write, study等,短暂性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：come, go, buy, die, 等。表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for, since短语或how long问句。
I have bought this pen for two months. （×）
I have had this pen for two months. （√）
短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.
1.直接用延续性动词
buy– have catch(get) a cold –have a cold borrow—keep come/go /become—be put on—wear get/begin to延续性v.→延续性v.eg. get/begin to know → know
2.转换成be+名词
join the army – be a soldier join the Party –be a Party member
go to school– be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die—be dead finish – be over begin—be on leave—be away
fall asleep – be asleep close – be closed fall ill→be ill
marry sb./get married to → be married to open→be open
4.转换成 be+介词短语
go to school– be in school start/begin→be on join→be in/be a member of
Exercises:
①His father died 2 years ago.
→His father has been dead for 2 years./since two years ago.
②The football match began at 9:00a.m.
→The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.
③The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old.
→The twins have been soldiers/ in the army/members of the army since they were 18years old.
④My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.
→My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days./since 3 days ago.
★注意：现在完成时的否定句中，和段时间连用可以用非延续性动词。如：
He hasn’t bought any new car since2007. (P27)
He has not left Beijing yet.(P27)
一、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词（30个）：
fit ____ _____ plan _____ _____ hit _____ _____ put _____ _____
meet _____ ______ make_____ _______eat _____ _____ sell ______ _______
give _____ ______write _____ _______ think ______ ________ run _____ _____
carry ____ ______ catch ______ _______lend ______ _______ come _____ ____
forget_____ _______fall______ ______draw _____ _____know ______ _______
go ____ _____ try______ ______ stop ______ _______ leave ______ ______
take _____ ______ buy _______ _______ spend _______ _______
feel _____ _____ marry _______ _______ begin ______ _______
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.I________（live）here since I was ten years old.
2.I________（live）here in 1998.
3.--- ________ you _______(have) your breakfast？---Yes，I have.
---When_____ you_____it？---- 30 minutes ago.
4.I __________________________ (not hear) from my brother for a long time.
5.We ______________________ (be) there many times since 3 years ago.
6.How long _________________ you ______________________ (stay) at home already
7. He _________________________ (not read) the book before.
8.Her sister ________________ (go) to Changchun. She______________ (leave) this morning.
9.He ______________________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.
10.The writer __________________________ (finish) several story-books since 1990.
11. I _______________________(have) lunch already.
12._____the train______________________ (arrive) yet
13.Tom _____________ never___________________ (be ) to China.
14. The twin _________________just _________________(see) my father.
15. The twins __________________(see) my father just now.
16._______________ you ever ________________________(ride) a horse Never.
17.________ you ___________(clean) the room Yes, we______________(do) that already.
When ________ you ___________(do) it We _____________(do) it an hour ago.
18. __________ he ___________(see) this film yet
No. When ___________ he _____________(see) it He __________________ it tomorrow.
31. Someone _________________(call) you just now .
32. The Smiths _____________________(watch) TV this time yesterday .
33. She ______________________(make) a lot of friends here so far.
34. Her parents _______________________(not write) to her since they left.
35. It is five years since he ________________________(join) the Party.
36. They _____________________(live) in this city ten years ago.
37. He ____________just _________________(come) back from the city .
38. __________ you ______________ (know) him since then
39. ---Can Alice go hiking with us tomorrow ---If she _______(feel) better tonight .
40. It is five years since he _________(join) the Party.
三、同义句（同义句转换，每空一词）
1.I borrowed the library book two days ago.
I _______ _______the library book ________two days.
2.The meeting started ten minutes ago.
A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ago.
B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes.
3.My brother joined the Party last year.
A. My brother _________ _________ ________the Party since last year.
B. My brother__________ ________ _______ party member since last year.
4.He left Nanjing two years ago.
He_________ _________ ________ ________Nanjing for two years.
5.That dog died last month.
That dog________ _________ ________since last month.
6.He has had the bike for two years.
A. Two years________ _________since he ________the bike.
B. It’s ______ __________since he _________the bike.
C. He _______the bike two years__________.
7.Li Lei joined the Party three years ago.
=Li Lei the Party three years ago.
=Li Lei the Party three years.
= three years Li Lei joined the Party.
=Three years Li Lei joined the Party.
8.My father left Gucheng last week.
=My father Gucheng last week.
=My father Gucheng a week.
9.The factory opened in 1996.
=The factory ten years.
=The factory since 1996.
10. His grandfather died five years ago.
=His grandfather since .
=His grandfather five years.
= five years his grandfather died.
=Five years his grandfather died.
11. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ago.
=Mr. Wang Beijing five days ago.
=Mr. Wang Beijing five days.