2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词和代词的用法课件（20张）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词和代词的用法课件（20张） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 112.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-25 22:43:06 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共23张PPT)
Chapter 2 Noun 名词
1. 分类
专有n. (国名，地名，人名，机构名…)
普通n. (可n, 不可n…)
2. 可n (s) 的变化规则
规则：
+s
以x, s, ch, sh结尾+ es
以o 结尾：有生命 hero, tomato, potato +es
无生命 piano, photo +s
(zeros, zeroes)
以 辅音+y , 把y 变i +es 元音+y+s
以 f/ fe, 把 f/ fe 变v+es
（self, life, thief, wife, knife, loaf, leaf, shelf, wolf, half ）
注： 少数+s (belief, proof, chief, roof)
不规则：
元音变化： a – e man – men
oo - ee tooth-teeth foot-feet goose-geese
加后缀： child-children ox-oxen
mouse-mice medium --media
bacterium -- bacteria
phenomenon -- phenomena
单复数同形 ： sheep, deer, fish
中日不变，英法变，其他+s
Japanese – Japanese Chinese- Chinese
Englishman- Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen
German- Germans
合成词： sons-in-law passers-by grown-ups =adults
lookers-on
3. 常用不可n.
fun 开心 advice 建议 weather 天气
progress 进步 information 消息 bread 面包
baggage 行李 butter 黄油 equipment 装备
furniture 家具 homework housework
work practice 练习 wealth 财富
注：不可n. 不能+ s, 前无冠词；如果不可n + s :
词性变化
词义变化
4. 不可n 量的表达
a cup of water a pair of shoes
量词： box, piece, loaf …
5. 名词的修饰语
+n(s) +不可n. +n(s)/ 不可n
many 许多 several 一些，几个 all 全部 variety various 多种多样的 a great many 许多 few/ a few 一些 a number of 许多 dozens of 一打 12个 scores of 一打20个 much little/ a little a bit of a great deal of 注： a bit (adv.) a bit of (adj.) lots of
a lot of
plenty of
a large quantity of
注： a lot (adv.)
a lot of (adj.)
6. 名词所有格
有生命
单数： Mary’s bike
复数： teachers’ office
Women’s Day
at my uncle’s （家，医院省略）
无生命 (n + of + n) ▲逆向思维
map of China the city of Beijing
双重所有格
a friend of mine ↘ mine = my + n.
注：adj.物 +n = n. 物
共同拥有问题
Tom’s and Peter’s rooms (分别拥有)
Tom and Peter’s room (共同拥有)
to 的特殊用法
the key to the door 门的钥匙
key: 关键的；要点；钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the bridge to the knowledge 知识的桥梁
the way to the school 学校的路
the exit to the building 建筑的出口
the entrance to the hall 大厅的入口
enter: 进入
Chapter 3 Pron. 代词
1. 含义：指代sb./ sth.
2. 分类：
单数 复数
人称 一 二 三 一 二 三
主格 I you he,she,it we you they
宾格 me you him,her,it us you them
adj.物 my your his,her,its our your their
n.物 mine yours his,hers,its ours yours theirs
反身pron myself yourself himself,herself,itself ourselves yourselves themselves
物主pron.
adj. 物+ n. = n.物
your friend = yours
反身pron.
反身pron. 不能作S, 可作P,O, 同位语
I was not quite myself today.
He takes care of himself.
He takes care of him.
I myself can repair my bike.
注： 同位语
My friend, Mary, is a student.
固定搭配
by oneself 独自地 help oneself 自便
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 hurt oneself 伤害某人
fear oneself 害怕某人 remind oneself 使某人想起
teach oneself 自学 come to oneself 苏醒
make yourself at home 宾至如归
疑问代词 （引导词）+S +V =从句
what, which, where, why, when, who, whom, whose, how
what about =how about +doing 做某事怎么样？
why not do sth 为什么不做sth.
不定代词的用法★ （9组）
both & all
either & neither
some & any
none, nobody, no one & nothing
each & every
many & much
a few, few, a little & little
other, others, the other, the others & another
one, ones, the one, the ones, that & those
both & all
both + of + O 两者
all +of + O 三者
all + n (s) all kinds of 各种各样 = various + n (s) variety
either & neither
either A or B 二选一
neither A nor B 两都不
both A and B 两都
between A and B 两之间
either 也，否定句，句末，有逗号
also 也， 句中
too 也，肯定句，句末，有逗号
as well = too
as well as = and （平行结构）★
doing
doing
平行结构
and
some & any
some of + O 肯定句和疑问句 （希望得到肯定答复）
any of + O 疑问句和否定句 （肯定句：任何）
Would you like some water
none, nobody, no one & nothing
none 指人或物 + of + O
nobody 指人
no one 指人
nothing 指物
each & every
each + of + O 两者 ，可单独做成分
every + n 三者
many & much
many + n (s)
much +不可n.
many/ much + of + O
a few, few, a little & little
可n (s)
a few
＞
few
不可n.
a little
＞
little
other, others, the other, the others & another
other (adj.) + n. → 无范围
others (n.) some….others….
other + n = others 剩余的…
the other (adj.) + n. → 两者
the others (n.) one…..the other….
the other + n = the others 另一些…
another + 基数词 + n (s) → 三者
=基数词+ more + n(s)
I need another two students to help me. 又，再
one, ones, the one, the ones, that & those
one 单数 →泛指 （同类不同物）
ones 复数
My friend sent me a present, one that I have never seen before.
My friend sent me presents, ones that I have never seen before.
the one = the + n = that →特指 （同类不同物）
the ones = the + n (s) = those
it 的用法
指上文出现的同一事物
I have a dog, it is black.
指时间距离天气日期
it is 9:00.
指代性别不明
Is it a boy or a girl
it 作形式主语
it is +adj.+ of sb to do sth
sb. (nice, kind, generous…)
it is +adj.+ for sb to do sth
sth. (difficult, easy, important, essential…)
it 作形式宾语
6 1 2 3
feel it adj. to do
find n. doing
think 引导词+ S + V
believe
consider
make
it 的句型
it is a pity/ shame that ….
it is no wonder that…
it seems/ appears that…
it happens that…
it occurs to / strikes/ hits sb. that…
it is said/ reported/ announced/ believed/ recorded/ suggested that
it is no use doing sth.
it is certain that….
it is ….that / who … 强调句
it is Mary that is a student.
注： 句子完整，句义完整，语法正确
it 的固定句式：
take it for granted
make it = succeed doing sth
when it comes to 当谈到
see to it that …务必
it is the first time that +S + have/ has done
it was the first time that +S + had done
花费时间或金钱的4个表达
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
Spend some time in/on doing sth
Cost v. 价值 n. 成本
Pay for payment 支付 n.
Chapter 2 Noun 名词
1. 分类
专有n. (国名，地名，人名，机构名…)
普通n. (可n, 不可n…)
2. 可n (s) 的变化规则
规则：
+s
以x, s, ch, sh结尾+ es
以o 结尾：有生命 hero, tomato, potato +es
无生命 piano, photo +s
(zeros, zeroes)
以 辅音+y , 把y 变i +es 元音+y+s
以 f/ fe, 把 f/ fe 变v+es
（self, life, thief, wife, knife, loaf, leaf, shelf, wolf, half ）
注： 少数+s (belief, proof, chief, roof)
不规则：
元音变化： a – e man – men
oo - ee tooth-teeth foot-feet goose-geese
加后缀： child-children ox-oxen
mouse-mice medium --media
bacterium -- bacteria
phenomenon -- phenomena
单复数同形 ： sheep, deer, fish
中日不变，英法变，其他+s
Japanese – Japanese Chinese- Chinese
Englishman- Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen
German- Germans
合成词： sons-in-law passers-by grown-ups =adults
lookers-on
3. 常用不可n.
fun 开心 advice 建议 weather 天气
progress 进步 information 消息 bread 面包
baggage 行李 butter 黄油 equipment 装备
furniture 家具 homework housework
work practice 练习 wealth 财富
注：不可n. 不能+ s, 前无冠词；如果不可n + s :
词性变化
词义变化
4. 不可n 量的表达
a cup of water a pair of shoes
量词： box, piece, loaf …
5. 名词的修饰语
+n(s) +不可n. +n(s)/ 不可n
many 许多 several 一些，几个 all 全部 variety various 多种多样的 a great many 许多 few/ a few 一些 a number of 许多 dozens of 一打 12个 scores of 一打20个 much little/ a little a bit of a great deal of 注： a bit (adv.) a bit of (adj.) lots of
a lot of
plenty of
a large quantity of
注： a lot (adv.)
a lot of (adj.)
6. 名词所有格
有生命
单数： Mary’s bike
复数： teachers’ office
Women’s Day
at my uncle’s （家，医院省略）
无生命 (n + of + n) ▲逆向思维
map of China the city of Beijing
双重所有格
a friend of mine ↘ mine = my + n.
注：adj.物 +n = n. 物
共同拥有问题
Tom’s and Peter’s rooms (分别拥有)
Tom and Peter’s room (共同拥有)
to 的特殊用法
the key to the door 门的钥匙
key: 关键的；要点；钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the bridge to the knowledge 知识的桥梁
the way to the school 学校的路
the exit to the building 建筑的出口
the entrance to the hall 大厅的入口
enter: 进入
Chapter 3 Pron. 代词
1. 含义：指代sb./ sth.
2. 分类：
单数 复数
人称 一 二 三 一 二 三
主格 I you he,she,it we you they
宾格 me you him,her,it us you them
adj.物 my your his,her,its our your their
n.物 mine yours his,hers,its ours yours theirs
反身pron myself yourself himself,herself,itself ourselves yourselves themselves
物主pron.
adj. 物+ n. = n.物
your friend = yours
反身pron.
反身pron. 不能作S, 可作P,O, 同位语
I was not quite myself today.
He takes care of himself.
He takes care of him.
I myself can repair my bike.
注： 同位语
My friend, Mary, is a student.
固定搭配
by oneself 独自地 help oneself 自便
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 hurt oneself 伤害某人
fear oneself 害怕某人 remind oneself 使某人想起
teach oneself 自学 come to oneself 苏醒
make yourself at home 宾至如归
疑问代词 （引导词）+S +V =从句
what, which, where, why, when, who, whom, whose, how
what about =how about +doing 做某事怎么样？
why not do sth 为什么不做sth.
不定代词的用法★ （9组）
both & all
either & neither
some & any
none, nobody, no one & nothing
each & every
many & much
a few, few, a little & little
other, others, the other, the others & another
one, ones, the one, the ones, that & those
both & all
both + of + O 两者
all +of + O 三者
all + n (s) all kinds of 各种各样 = various + n (s) variety
either & neither
either A or B 二选一
neither A nor B 两都不
both A and B 两都
between A and B 两之间
either 也，否定句，句末，有逗号
also 也， 句中
too 也，肯定句，句末，有逗号
as well = too
as well as = and （平行结构）★
doing
doing
平行结构
and
some & any
some of + O 肯定句和疑问句 （希望得到肯定答复）
any of + O 疑问句和否定句 （肯定句：任何）
Would you like some water
none, nobody, no one & nothing
none 指人或物 + of + O
nobody 指人
no one 指人
nothing 指物
each & every
each + of + O 两者 ，可单独做成分
every + n 三者
many & much
many + n (s)
much +不可n.
many/ much + of + O
a few, few, a little & little
可n (s)
a few
＞
few
不可n.
a little
＞
little
other, others, the other, the others & another
other (adj.) + n. → 无范围
others (n.) some….others….
other + n = others 剩余的…
the other (adj.) + n. → 两者
the others (n.) one…..the other….
the other + n = the others 另一些…
another + 基数词 + n (s) → 三者
=基数词+ more + n(s)
I need another two students to help me. 又，再
one, ones, the one, the ones, that & those
one 单数 →泛指 （同类不同物）
ones 复数
My friend sent me a present, one that I have never seen before.
My friend sent me presents, ones that I have never seen before.
the one = the + n = that →特指 （同类不同物）
the ones = the + n (s) = those
it 的用法
指上文出现的同一事物
I have a dog, it is black.
指时间距离天气日期
it is 9:00.
指代性别不明
Is it a boy or a girl
it 作形式主语
it is +adj.+ of sb to do sth
sb. (nice, kind, generous…)
it is +adj.+ for sb to do sth
sth. (difficult, easy, important, essential…)
it 作形式宾语
6 1 2 3
feel it adj. to do
find n. doing
think 引导词+ S + V
believe
consider
make
it 的句型
it is a pity/ shame that ….
it is no wonder that…
it seems/ appears that…
it happens that…
it occurs to / strikes/ hits sb. that…
it is said/ reported/ announced/ believed/ recorded/ suggested that
it is no use doing sth.
it is certain that….
it is ….that / who … 强调句
it is Mary that is a student.
注： 句子完整，句义完整，语法正确
it 的固定句式：
take it for granted
make it = succeed doing sth
when it comes to 当谈到
see to it that …务必
it is the first time that +S + have/ has done
it was the first time that +S + had done
花费时间或金钱的4个表达
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
Spend some time in/on doing sth
Cost v. 价值 n. 成本
Pay for payment 支付 n.