中考语法--祈使句专项讲解与练习
一.定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。
祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此也常称为命令句。
【注意】
祈使句说话对象（即主语）是第二人称“你、你们”，通常都省略。
祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。
例：
去洗你的手。（命令）__________________________________
对姊妹要和善。(劝告）_________________________________
小心！危险！(强烈警告，类似感叹句）___________________
禁止停车。（禁止）____________________________________
二.特征
三.表现形式
●肯定结构:
1. Do型——动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分。
如：请这边坐。__________________________________
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。
如：Go this way, please. = __________________________ 请这边走。
2. Be型——Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分。
如：要做一个好孩子! _____________________________
3. Let型——Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分。
如：让我来帮你。________________________________
●否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式：在句首加don’t。
如：忘记我！Forget me!
不要忘记我！________________________________
上学不要迟到! _______________________________
2. Let型的否定式有两种：
1）“Don’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它”
如：别让他走。________________________________
2）“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它”。
如：别让他走。________________________________
3. 有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
“No＋名词或动名词”结构表示禁止的祈使，一般用于指示、标牌、布告等。
如：禁止吸烟！________________________________
禁止钓鱼！________________________________
不准随地吐痰！____________________________
不准乱扔果皮纸屑！________________________
不许入内！________________________________
四、用 “let”的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：
1） “Let”后面除了可以用动词原形外，还可以用介词或副词，如out, in, down, alone等：
如：Let the puppy out.让小狗出去。
Open the windows and let the fresh air in. 开窗，让新鲜空气进来。
2）用 “Let’s”时，把谈话者的对象包括在内，如：Let’s try it, shall we ；
用 “Let us”时，并不包括对方，如： Let us do it by ourselves, will you
Exercise 1
I. 将以下祈使句改为否定式：
Come here early. _________________________________
Ask him. _________________________________________
Please wait for her. _________________________________
Read the book carefully. ______________________________
Sit under the tree, please.______________________________
Let’s go there together. _______________________________
五.祈使句用于两个重要句型中
1．“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”：后面是好的结果。
2．“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”：后面是坏的结果，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。
试比较：
Hurry up and you’ll catch the train. (＝If you hurry up，you’ll catch the train．)
Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train．(＝If you don’t hurry up，you’ll miss the train．)
六.祈使句的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则：若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you等：
Mail the letter today, will you 今天就把信发掉，好吗
Try to be back by two, won’t you 设法两点之前回来，好吗
If you want help, let me know, would you 如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗
【注意】
1）若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用will you：
Don’t forget to post the letter, will you 请别忘了寄信。
2）有时根据语境的需要，反意疑问句也可以用can you, can’t you 等：
Give me some cigarettes, can you 给我些香烟，可以吗
Walk faster, can’t you 走快点，不行吗
一般说来，用will you, won’t you, would you 等构成的反意疑问句语气较委婉。
比较：
Be quiet, will you 请安静，好吗 （委婉）
Be quiet, can’t you 你就不能安静点吗 （强烈）
2. 当祈使句为Let’s…时，反意疑问句总是用 shall we：
Let’s phone her now, shall we 我们现在就给她打电话，好吗
今晚咱们去看电影，好吗？________________________________
3. 当祈使句为Let us…时，反意疑问句用will you
Let us know your address, will you 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗
你让我们看一看，好吗？__________________________________
*4. 当祈使句带有主语时，有时祈使句带有自己的主语，此时不要将其误认为是陈述句：
Jim, you go there to help him, will you 吉姆，你去那儿帮他，好吗？
You girls stand in the front row, will you 你们女孩子站在前排，好吗？
注意：不要将这类祈使句误认为是陈述句，而误用don’t you这样的反意疑问句。
Exercise 2
一.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s an important meeting. ________ ________ (not, be )late.
2. ________ ________ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. ________ ________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ________ (be) polite.
4. ________ ________ ( not, talk) and ________ (read) aloud.
5. ________ ________ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6. ___________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. _________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ________ ________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you ________ ________ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s ________ ________ (not, say) anything about it.
二.选择填空。
1. Her doctor said: “________work so hard”
A. Stop B. Don’t C. Can’t D. No
2. Sandy, ________to be here at 8o’clock
A. is sure B. is sure that C. will be sure D. be sure
3. ________when you cross the road.
A. Care B. Care C. Be careful D. To be careful
4. ________in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
A. Not to read B. Don’t read C. Don’t to read D. Not read
5. ________your child. We’ll look after him.
A. Not to worry about B. Don’t worry about
C. Not worry for D. Don’t worry with
6. They are very tired. Why________ have a rest
A. not they B. aren’t they C. don’t they D. not to
7. --You look rather tired.________ stopping to have a rest
--All right.
A. Why not B. How about C. Why not to D. why don’t
8. Sir, ______parking here. You’d better find another place.
A. Hardly B. Not C. No D. Never
9. Please________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.
A. not B. don’t C. aren’t D. can’t
10. Why don’t you join us in the game （同义词转换）
A. What not B. Why not C. Why to D. How to
11. ______go and get the book alone, Ms Zhang.
A. Let’s B. Let me C. Let us D. Allow
12. John, read the text for us,________
A. does he B. will he C. do you D. will you
13. Let’s do it together,________
A. shall we B. will you C. do we D. do you
How to use
1. 今天学了祈使句的哪些用法？
2. 祈使句有什么样的语气？
3. 用英语举出祈使句的两个句子
Exercise 3
一、翻译句子。
不要在河里游泳。
________________________________
禁止谈话。
________________________________
让他们别站在那里。
________________________________
别让他们站在那里。
________________________________
禁止停放自行车。
________________________________
二.单项选择。
1. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it
2. _______late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not
3. _______cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't
4. Please help me carry it,______
A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we
5. Don't make so much noise,______
A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do you
6. Kate,_______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing
7. ________me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell
8. Don't you know that_______ is good for our health
A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims中考语法--祈使句专项讲解与练习
一. 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。
祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此也常称为命令句。
【注意】
祈使句说话对象（即主语）是第二人称“你、你们”，通常都省略。
祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。
例：
去洗你的手。（命令）Go and wash your hands.
对姊妹要和善。(劝告）Be kind to our sister.
小心！危险！(强烈警告，类似感叹句）Look out! Danger!
禁止停车。（禁止）No parking.
二.特征
三.表现形式
●肯定结构:
1. Do型——动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分。
如：请这边坐。Please have a seat here.
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。
如：请这边走。This way, please. = Go this way, please.
2. Be型——Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分。
如：要做一个好孩子!Be a good boy!
3. Let型——Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分。
如：让我来帮你。Let me help you.
●否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式：在句首加don’t。
如：不要忘记我！Don’t forget me!
上学不要迟到!Don’t be late for school!
2. Let型的否定式有两种：
1）“Don’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它”
别让他走。Don’t let him go.
2）“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它”。
如：别让他走。 Let him not go.
3. 有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
“No＋名词或动名词”结构表示禁止的祈使，一般用于指示、标牌、布告等。
如：No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！
No spitting!不准随地吐痰！ No litter! 不准乱扔果皮纸屑！ No entry!不许入内！
四、用 “let”的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：
1） “Let”后面除了可以用动词原形外，还可以用介词或副词，如out, in, down, alone等：
如：Let the puppy out.让小狗出去。
Open the windows and let the fresh air in. 开窗，让新鲜空气进来。
2）用 “Let’s”时，把谈话者的对象包括在内，如：Let’s try it, shall we ；
用 “Let us”时，并不包括对方，如： Let us do it by ourselves, will you
Exercise 1
将以下祈使句改为否定式：
Come here early. ______________________________
Ask him. ______________________________
Please wait for her. ______________________________
Read the book carefully. ______________________________
Sit under the tree, please. ______________________________
Let’s go there together. ______________________________
Keys:
1. Don’t come here early.
2. Don’t ask him.
3. Please don’t wait for her.
4. Don’t read the book carefully.
5. Please don’t sit under the tree.
6. Let’s not go there together.
五.祈使句用于两个重要句型中
1．“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”：后面是好的结果。
2．“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”：后面是坏的结果，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。
试比较：
Hurry up and you’ll catch the train. (＝If you hurry up，you’ll catch the train．)
Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train．(＝If you don’t hurry up，you’ll miss the train．)
六.祈使句的反意疑问句
1. 基本原则：若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you等：
Mail the letter today, will you 今天就把信发掉，好吗
Try to be back by two, won’t you 设法两点之前回来，好吗
If you want help, let me know, would you 如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗
【注意】
1）若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用will you：
Don’t forget to post the letter, will you 请别忘了寄信。
2）有时根据语境的需要，反意疑问句也可以用can you, can’t you 等：
Give me some cigarettes, can you 给我些香烟，可以吗
Walk faster, can’t you 走快点，不行吗
一般说来，用will you, won’t you, would you 等构成的反意疑问句语气较委婉。
比较：
Be quiet, will you 请安静，好吗 （委婉）
Be quiet, can’t you 你就不能安静点吗 （强烈）
2. 当祈使句为Let’s…时，反意疑问句总是用 shall we：
Let’s phone her now, shall we 我们现在就给她打电话，好吗
今晚咱们去看电影，好吗 Let’s go to the cinema tonight, shall we
3. 当祈使句为Let us…时，反意疑问句用will you
Let us know your address, will you 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗
你让我们看一看，好吗？Let us have a look, will you
*4. 当祈使句带有主语时，有时祈使句带有自己的主语，此时不要将其误认为是陈述句：
Jim, you go there to help him, will you 吉姆，你去那儿帮他，好吗？
You girls stand in the front row, will you 你们女孩子站在前排，好吗？
注意：不要将这类祈使句误认为是陈述句，而误用don’t you这样的反意疑问句。
Exercise 2
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s an important meeting. ________ ________ (not, be )late.
2. ________ ________ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. ________ ________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ________ (be) polite.
4. ________ ________ ( not, talk) and ________ (read) aloud.
5. ________ ________ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6. ___________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. _________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ________ ________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you ________ ________ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s ________ ________ (not, say) anything about it.
Keys:
1. Don’t be 2. Don’t make 3. Don’t talk, be 4. Don’t talk, read 5. Don’t leave
6. Look 7. Give 8. Don’t let 9. will catch 10. not say
二.选择填空。
1. Her doctor said: “________work so hard”
A. Stop B. Don’t C. Can’t D. No
2. Sandy, ________to be here at 8o’clock
A. is sure B. is sure that C. will be sure D. be sure
3. ________when you cross the road.
A. Care B. Care C. Be careful D. To be careful
4. ________in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
A. Not to read B. Don’t read C. Don’t to read D. Not read
5. ________your child. We’ll look after him.
A. Not to worry about B. Don’t worry about
C. Not worry for D. Don’t worry with
6. They are very tired. Why________ have a rest
A. not they B. aren’t they C. don’t they D. not to
7. --You look rather tired.________ stopping to have a rest
--All right.
A. Why not B. How about C. Why not to D. why don’t
8. Sir, ______parking here. You’d better find another place.
A. Hardly B. Not C. No D. Never
9. Please________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.
A. not B. don’t C. aren’t D. can’t
10. Why don’t you join us in the game （同义词转换）
A. What not B. Why not C. Why to D. How to
11. ______go and get the book alone, Ms Zhang.
A. Let’s B. Let me C. Let us D. Allow
12. John, read the text for us,________
A. does he B. will he C. do you D. will you
13. Let’s do it together,________
A. shall we B. will you C. do we D. do you
Keys: BDCBB CBCBB BDA
How to use
1. 今天学了祈使句的哪些用法？
2. 祈使句有什么样的语气？
3. 用英语举出祈使句的两个句子
Exercise 3
一、翻译句子。
不要在河里游泳。
________________________________
禁止谈话。
________________________________
让他们别站在那里。
________________________________
别让他们站在那里。
________________________________
禁止停放自行车。
________________________________
Keys:
1. Don’t swim in the river.
2. Stop talking.
3. Let them not stand there.
4. Don’t let them stand there.
5. Don’t stop your bike here.
二、单项选择。
1. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it
2. _______late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not
3. _______cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't
4. Please help me carry it,______
A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we
5. Don't make so much noise,______
A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do you
6. Kate,_______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing
7. ________me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell
8. Don't you know that_______ is good for our health
A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims
Keys: ABDBA ADB
