2021-2022江西中考英语复习课件 2.专题一 动词(共132张PPT)

(共132张PPT)
专题一 动词
知识必备 动词的分类和动词的基本形式
命题点1 动词词义辨析
命题点2 动词短语辨析
命题点3 情态动词
命题点4 动词的时态
命题点5 动词的语态
命题点6 主谓一致
命题点7 非谓语动词
专项提升 用动词的适当形式填空
知识必备
动词的分类和动词的
基本形式
动词的分类
分类 定义 例词 例句
实义动词 说明动作或状态，能独立作谓语的动词被称为实义动词。 及物动词 encourage, consider My brother always encourages me.
我的哥哥总是鼓励我。
不及物动词 appear, argue I argued with my brother yesterday.
我昨天和我哥哥吵架了。
分类 定义 例词 例句
实义动词 说明动作或状态，能独立作谓语的动词被称为实义动词。 既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词的词 believe, develop I believe in you. 我相信你/我信任你。
系动词 （含感官动词） 无动词意义，连接主语和表语的动词。 表状态 be She is beautiful. 她很漂亮。
续表
分类 定义 例词 例句
系动词 （含感官动词） 无动词意义，连接主语和表语的动词。 表持续 keep, remain, stay We should exercise to keep healthy. 为了保持健康，我们应该锻炼。
表变化 become, get, turn, fall, go, grow Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。
续表
分类 定义 例词 例句
系动词（含感官动词） 无动词意义，连接主语和表语的动词。 表感官 feel, look, smell, sound, taste The dish tastes delicious.
这道菜尝起来很美味。
助动词 助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和其他动词连用，以构成各种时态、语态、否定句或疑问句等。 be（am, is, are, was, were）, have（has, had）, do（does, did）, will（would） I don’t like the dish. 我不喜欢这道菜。
I am watching TV now. 我现在在看电视。
续表
分类 定义 例词 例句
情态动词 情态动词用以说明说话者的情感、态度或和语气。情态动词不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，基本无人称和数的变化。 can, could, may, might, will, would, must, should, ought to I must leave now.我现在必须离开了。
I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。
续表
动词的基本形式
规则变化 情况 变化规则 举例
动词原形→过去式/过去分词 一般情况 加 -s help→helps
improve→improves
以s/x/ch/sh/o结尾 加 -es guess→guesses
fix→fixesteach→teaches
wash→washes
go→goes
1. 动词的规则变化
规则变化 情况 变化规则 举例
动词原形→过去式/过去分词 以辅音字母加 -y结尾 变y为i加 -es fly→flies
study→studies
一般情况 加 -ed help→helped/helped
walk→walked/walked
以不发音的e结尾 加 -d live→lived/lived
promise→promised/promised
以辅音字母加 y结尾 变y为i 加 -ed try→tried/tried
carry→carried/carried
续表
规则变化 情况 变化规则 举例
动词原形→现在分词/动名词 只有1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 双写辅音字母，再加 -ed stop→stopped/stopped
一般情况 加 -ing read→reading
feel→feeling
以不发音的e结尾 去e，再加 -ing live→living
write→writing
以ie结尾的单音节词 变ie为y，再加 -ing die→dying
只有1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 双写辅音字母，再加 -ing stop→stopping
run→running
续表
2. 动词的不规则变化【具体内容见《单元词汇必背册》P88】
命题点1
动词词义辨析
（必考：2~5道；单项填空、完形填空A）
中考解读：分析江西近10年中考真题可知，动词词义辨析主要在单项填空和完形填空A中考查，具体考查情况如下：
解题技巧：解答动词词义辨析类试题时，首先要明确各选项的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或者前后的逻辑关系，从而确定正确答案。因此熟记动词的含义是正确解答此类试题的关键。
真题探究（2021 江西24题）
( ) 1. These beautiful animals are endangered. We must ______ them.
A. save B. show C. stop D. catch
A
【方法点拨】第①步：分析语境：这些漂亮的动物是濒危动物，我们必须 它们；第②步：分析选项：拯救；展示；阻止；抓捕；第③步：分析语境可知此题关键词是endangered，结合选项可知save符合语境。
( )1.（2021安徽）We should ______ the friendship that we have developed in the past years.
A. value B. change C. make D. win
A
( )2.Lucy has ______ a lot. She had long hair two months ago, but now her hair is very short.
A. imagined B. changed C. appeared D. happened
B
( )3.—Would you ______ closing the door It’s noisy outside.
—Of course not. I’ll do it right away.
A. avoid B. enjoy C. mind D. suggest
C
( )4.The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you ______ a life without it
A. imagine B. expect C. understand D. forget
A
( )5.Seen from the top of the mountain, the town ______ beautiful.
A. sees B. feels C. looks D. sounds
C
( )6.—Henry, did you drive back to your hometown last weekend
—No. I was ______ to take the train because the traffic is often the busiest at that time.
A. praised B. taught C. warned D. advised
D
( )7.When I meet new words, I usually try to ______ their meanings before turning to the dictionary.
A. guess B. explain C. introduce D. express
A
( )8.I put up the photo of Kobe on the wall to keep myself ______ of my goal as a basketball player.
A. dreamed B. reminded C. remembered D. repeated
B
( )9.Some online eating shows waste a lot of food. I think the government should make laws to ______ food waste.
A. avoid B. afford C. allow D. achieve
A
( )10.You must ______ your parents. They’ve been in London for a year.
A. understand B. find C. catch D. miss
D
( )11.Bob has run out of his money now. He can’t ______ to take a taxi to Nanchang.
A. drive B. refuse C. afford D. forget
C
( )12.The app is great because it ______ a chance for Chinese farmers to sell their local products.
A. compares B. improves C. communicates D. provides
D
( )13.—Do you like red This red bag is only twenty dollars.
—Yes. It looks nice. I’ll ______ it.
A. eat B. cut C. lose D. take
D
( )14.With the help of the new media，information can ______ every corner of the world quickly.
A. leave B. reach C. choose D. return
B
( )15.How crowded Wuyuan is! The number of tourists has kept ______ greatly since last year.
A. rising B. raising C. improving D. developing
A
( )16.Spotty is a good guard dog. Every night he ______ the house while his owner is asleep.
A. helps B. moves C. guards D. builds
C
( )17.—Have you ______ to your pen friend’s email
—No. I’m quite busy these days. I will do that after I finish doing my homework.
A. agreed B. replied C. listened D. expected
B
( )18.—I ______ first prize in the piano competition.
—Congratulations! It resulted from your hard work.
A. challenged B. won C. beat D. failed
B
( )19.Generally speaking, a good education is ______ as a ticket to success by many people.
A. considered B. refused C. known D. realized
A
( )20.The man who is speaking in front of the crowds is a great player. I ______ him for his success.
A. discover B. disagree C. admire D. encourage
C
命题点2
动词短语辨析
（10年8考；单项填空、完形填空A）
中考解读：分析江西近10年中考真题可知，动词短语辨析主要在单项填空和完形填空A中考查，具体考查情况如下：
解题技巧：解答动词短语辨析类试题时，首先要明确各选项的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或者前后的逻辑关系，最后确定正确答案。因此熟记动词短语的含义是正确解答此类试题的关键。【动词短语梳理见《单元词汇必背册》P76】
真题探究（2021江西40题）
1. Some spiders use a different kind of trick. They make webs that cheat insects. An insect sees the web and thinks it’s a flower. It then ______ the web. The spider can feel even the smallest movement of the web, and rushes at the insect before it can get away.
A. lands on B. moves towards C. flies over D. looks into
A
【方法点拨】第①步：分析语境：有些蜘蛛使用不同的伎俩。它们会结网欺骗昆虫。昆虫看到蜘蛛网，以为它是一朵花，然后它落到蜘蛛网上。蜘蛛甚至能感觉到蜘蛛网最小的移动，并且它在昆虫逃走之前就冲过去了；第②步：分析选项：落到……上面；向……移动；飞过；调查；第③步：分析后句及生活常识可知此处表示“落到蜘蛛网上”，结合选项可知lands on符合语境。
( )1.（2021安徽）Every student is supposed to ______ a sporting activity for a healthy life.
A. come across B. put away C. turn down D. take up
D
( )2.（2021昆明）Scientists all over the world are ______ new medicine to fight COVID-19.
A. blowing out B. trying out C. leaving out D. keeping out
B
( )3.The minute the alarm clock ______, I got up and took a quick shower.
A. went by B. went out C. went off D. went up
C
( )4.John ______ yesterday. As a result, he feels very tired this morning.
A. cleaned up B. got up C. ate up D. stayed up
D
( )5.—How can I get good grades in the listening test, Miss Lin
—You can ______ the questions quickly before listening.
A. look through B. go over C. pay attention to D. take notice of
A
( )6.We are supposed to ______ smartphones and take more exercise instead.
A. put away B. take up C. give out D. hold on
A
( )7.You should try to ______ the difficulty by yourself. You are not a child any longer.
A. get back B. get over C. get into D. get to
B
( )8.—Hey, Tim. Any news about your job interview
—Wait a minute. Let me ______ my e-mails to see whether there is a reply or not.
A. read out B. look through C. deal with D. point at
B
( )9.This morning Lily ______ on her way to school. She is in hospital now.
A. got off B. fell down C. turned up D. gave in
B
( )10.—I don’t know how to ______ the old clothes.
—You can give them away to the charity.
A. hand in B. deal with C. take up D. clean up
B
( )11.I ______ my good friend, Tom. He is really an honest person.
A. dress up B. believe in C. pick up D. leave out
B
( )12.Billions of plastic water bottles are ______ every year. It’s time for us to think about stopping using plastic products.
A. thrown away B. got away C. run away D. blown away
A
命题点3
情态动词
(10年14考；单项填空、完形填空A、完形填空B）
中考解读：情态动词可以表明能力及情感态度，后接动词原形，这是其基本用法，也可用来表推测。分析江西近10年中考真题可知，情态动词在单项填空、完形填空A和完形填空B中考查，均考查情态动词的基本用法或情态动词后接动词原形的用法，具体考查情况如下：
解题技巧：解答情态动词辨析类试题时，首先要分析语境，判断该题考查的是情态动词的基本用法还是表推测的用法，然后结合语境中的关键信息及各个选项的用法确定正确答案。
【注：本专题主要讲解各情态动词的基本用法及表推测的用法。在完形填空B中考查情态动词后接动词原形的用法时，会涉及其他命题点知识，因此针对完形填空B题型的解题方法见本书P19专项提升 用动词的适当形式填空】
考向1 情态动词的基本用法
1. can与could
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
can 表示能力，意为“能,会”。 Jim can sing songs. 吉姆会唱歌。
表示请求、允许，意为“可以” 。 Can I play basketball now
我现在可以打篮球吗？
could can的过去式，意为“能，会” ，表示过去的能力。 Lily could swim at the age of 5.
莉莉五岁的时候就会游泳了。
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求。 Could you tell me the way to the post office 你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？
表示建议，意为委婉、客气的建议。 We could write a letter to the headmaster.
我们可以给校长写一封信。
2. must与have to
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
must 表示主观看法，意为“必须，一定”。 I must work hard. 我必须努力学习。
have to 意为“不得不，必须”，多表示客观必要。 I have to get up early tomorrow. 我明天不得不早起。
注意
must与have to的肯定形式含义接近，但是否定形式的含义完全不同，mustn’t意为“禁止”，do/does/did not have to意为“不必”，相当于needn’t（2016.33;2014.29）。如：
You mustn’t take this book to the classroom. 你一定不能把这本书带到教室。
You don’t have to/needn’t take this book to the classroom. 你不必把这本书带到教室。
3. may与might
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
may 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。 May I speak to Amy
我可以和艾米通话吗？
might may的过去式。表示请求、许可，语气比 may 更委婉。 Might I ask you a question
我可以问你一个问题吗？
4. should与ought to
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
should/ought to 用于肯定句和否定句中时，should和ought to可互换使用，意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议。 You should/ought to come to school on time. 你应该按时到校。
表示征询意见，用于疑问句中时，只能用should，不能用ought to。 Should I go to her party 我应该去参加她的聚会吗？
注意
ought to的否定形式为ought not to。如：
You ought not to stay up late. 你不应该熬夜。
5. will, would与shall
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
will 表示意愿或请求，用于疑问句中，常用于第二人称。 Will you please pass the book to me 请把这本书递给我，好吗？
would 表示建议或个人意愿，表示建议时，语气较委婉。 Would you please help me with my maths 你可以帮我学习数学吗？
shall 常用于疑问句，多用于第一、三人称，表示请求或征求对方的意见。 Shall we go to the zoo
我们去动物园，好吗？
6. need与had better
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
need 作情态动词时，意为“需要”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 Alex needn’t attend the meeting. 亚历克斯不必参加这次会议。
had better 意为“最好”，没有人称和数的变化，常缩写为’d better。 You’d better come back early today. 你今天最好早点儿回来。
注意
1.由may或might引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用may/can；否定回答用can’t/mustn’t。如：
—May/Might I sit here 我可以坐在这儿吗？
—Yes, you may/can./No, you can’t/mustn’t.是的，你可以。/不，你不能。
2. 由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must；否定回答常用needn’t/don’t have to/doesn’t have to/didn’t have to。如：
—Must I hand in my homework this afternoon 我今天下午必须交作业吗？
—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t/don’t have to. 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
3. 由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must；否定回答用needn’t。如：
—Need I do the work at once 我需要立刻做这项工作吗？
—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
4. 回答以could引出的一般疑问句时，用can，不用could。如：
—Could I use your mobile phone 我可以用你的手机吗？
—Yes, you can./No, you can’t.是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。
考向2 情态动词表推测的用法
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
must 表示非常有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定”。 It must be raining outside. My father’s clothes are so wet. 外面一定在下雨。我爸爸的衣服这么湿。
can 只能和 not连用，表示十分有把握的否定推测，意为“一定不，不可能”。 He can’t be having a meeting. I saw him just now. 他不可能在开会，我刚才看见他了。
情态动词 含义及用法 例句
may 表示把握不大的肯定推测，意为“有可能，也许”。 John may come back at 5：00 pm.
约翰可能在下午五点回来。
和not连用，表示把握不大的否定推测，意为“可能不”。 Mandy may not come tonight.
曼蒂今天晚上可能不会来。
might/could 表示没有把握的肯定推测，意为“有可能，也许”，可能性低于may。 The pencil might/could be Bob’s.
这支铅笔可能是鲍勃的。
续表
基本用法
( )1.（2016江西33题）You ______ take me to the station. My brother’s taking me.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. don’t have to
D
( )2.（2015江西32题）Nathan likes his job because he ______ enjoy the beauty of nature.
A. can B. must C. should D. is supposed to
A
( )3.（2013江西30题）There’s only one day to go. You ______ finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.
A. can B. will C. must D. may
C
( )4.（2012江西30题）Last year I ______ drive. I used to take the bus.
A. could B. couldn’t C. should D. shouldn’t
B
( )5.（2021连云港）What an amazing robot! It ______ cook more than 5,000 dishes.
A. shall B. need C. must D. can
D
( )6.（2021温州）—Simon, I’m afraid we can’t complete the model spaceship this afternoon.
—Well, we ______ finish it today. It’s fine if we give it to Mr. Wang tomorrow.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
C
( )7.—______ I talk to you, Mr. Green It won’t take long.
—Of course you can.
A. Should B. May C. Need D. Must
B
( )8.—Must we wear masks in PE class
—No, you ______.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
C
( )9.When we go to a restaurant, we ______ order less food to prevent waste.
A. may B. must C. should D. have to
C
( )10.My bike was broken yesterday, so I ______ walk home.
A. might B. had to C. must D. could
B
( )11.—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein ______ read until he was seven.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
C
表推测的用法
( )12.（2021宿迁）—Sandy, is Mr. Li in the teachers’ office now
—I am not sure. He ______ be there.
A. must B. can’t C. mustn’t D. may
D
( )13.The old man ______ be interested in tea. He makes a cup of tea for himself every morning.
A. may B. might C. must D. can’t
C
( )14.—Is that woman in the lab Ms. Jones
—No, it ______ be her. She has gone to the museum.
A. can’t B. can C. mustn’t D. must
A
( )15.I attended a concert yesterday, so my schoolbag ______ still be in the music hall.
A. might B. need C. should D. can
A
命题点4
动词的时态
(必考：3~4道；单项填空、完形填空B）
中考解读：分析江西近10年中考真题可知，动词的时态主要在单项填空和完形填空B中考查。具体考查情况如下：
【注：本专题主要讲解动词各时态的用法。在完形填空B中考查动词的时态时，会涉及其他命题点知识，因此针对完形填空B题型的解题方法见本书P19专项提升 用动词的适当形式填空】
解题技巧：解答动词的时态类试题时，考生首先应掌握各个时态的结构、用法和标志词等，然后结合具体语境或标志词确定正确答案。
中考常考六种时态的构成及用法
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般现在时 结构 1. 主语+am/is/are（+表语） 2. 主语+动词原形/动词单三形式（+宾语） 1. 表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。如：
I always get up early.
2. 表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如：
The earth moves around the sun.
【注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是一般过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。】
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般现在时 标志词 1. 频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly 2. 频率词组：once a year, twice a month, three times a day等； 3. 其他词组：in the morning, on Sundays, at weekends, every day/year…（every系列） 3. 主将从现：若一个复合句含有由when, after, before, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if, unless, as long as, once等引导的条件状语从句, 主句若用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。如：
I will tell Kate the good news as soon as she comes back.
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般现在时 标志词 1. ago词组 2. yesterday及yesterday词组 3. last及last词组 4. just now, in the past, in 1920等 5. at the age of…, used to… 6. one day, long long ago, once upon a time 4. 表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，但仅限于start， begin， leave， go， come， arrive等动词。如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般过去时 结构 1. 主语+was/were（+表语） 2. 主语+动词过去式（+宾语） 1. 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。如：We went to the City Library last week.
2. 表示过去常常或反复发生的动作，常与频度副词连用。如：
When I was a child，I often played basketball on the playground.
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般过去时 标志词 1. ago词组 2. yesterday及yesterday词组 3. last及last词组 4. just now， in the past， in 1920等 5. at the age of…， used to… 6. one day， long long ago， once upon a time
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般将来时 结构 1. 主语+will/shall+动词原形（+表语/宾语）2. 主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形（+表语/宾语） 1. 表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
They will leave for Shanghai next week.
2. 表示某种必然的趋势。如：
Fish will die without water.鱼没有水会死。
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般将来时 标志词 1. tomorrow, soon 2. next week/month（next系列） 3. in a week, in 2023, in+一段时间 4. in the （near） future 3. be going to+动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事情。如：
What are you going to do next Sunday （计划）
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.（客观迹象）
4. “be about to +动词原形”和“be to +动词原形”结构也可表示即将发生的动作。如：
The train is about to start.
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在进行时 结构 主语+am/is/are +动词现在分词（+宾语） 1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如：
—What are you doing
—I am reading English.
2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行，常用时间状语有：this/these+表示一段时间的名词。如：
They are studying hard this term.
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在进行时 标志词 1. now, right now 2. at present, at this time, at the/this moment 3. these days 4. when, while 5. Look! Listen! 3. be doing表示将来，常用这种结构的动词有go, come, leave, stay, start, begin, 表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如：
She is going there tomorrow.
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
过去 进行时 结构 主语+was/were+动词现在分词（+宾语） 1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：
I was watching TV at nine last night.
2. 表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如：
What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
过去 进行时 标志词 1. then 2. at that time, at ten yesterday, at this time yesterday 3. when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句 3. 过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。如：
Alice is always changing her mind.（表示厌烦）
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在 完成时 结构 主语+has/have+动词过去分词（+表语/宾语） 1. 表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响。如：
—Have you had your lunch yet
—Yes. I’ve just had it.
2. 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用，动词应用延续性动词。如：
We have lived here since 2000.
续表
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现在 完成时 标志词 1. already, ever, never, just, yet, still 2. recently, lately, so far, up till now 3. in the past/last 3 years/… 4. since 1998, since+一段时间+ago 5. for+一段时间 3. 特殊用法：
（1）have gone to已去某地（未回）
have been to曾去过某地（已回）
have been in待在某地
（2）It is/has been+时间段+since+用一般过去时的句子
续表
拓展：实义动词还可以根据词汇意义分为：①延续性动词；②非延续性动词。
分类 定义 例词 例句
延续性动词 表示可以持续的动作或状态，可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 live, stay, study, work, keep, teach I have studied in this school for three years. 我已经在这所学校学习三年了。
非延续性动词 表示在短暂时间内可以完成的动作，不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, arrive She bought a nice watch. 她买了一块漂亮的手表。
若句中含有表示一段时间的时间状语，谓语动词应用延续性动词；如果动词是非
延续性动词，要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。常见转化见下表：
非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组） 非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组）
arrive in/at/reach/get to be in begin/start be on
borrow/lend keep buy have
catch a cold have a cold come back be back
die be dead fall/become asleep/ill be asleep/ill
join be in/be a member of leave be away from
marry be married open be open
如：I’ve left this school for eight years.（×）
I’ve been away from this school for eight years.（√）
拓展
1. 一般过去时和现在完成时的易混辨析
两者都表示过去发生的事情。但一般过去时只强调过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成影响，主要说明现在的情况。如：
I opened the door just now. 我刚才开了门。（指刚才做了“开门”的动作, 但现在门是否开着, 并未说明）
I have opened the door. 我已经把门打开了。（门现在还开着）
2. 一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析
一般过去时表示过去发生过的动作, 强调动作结束了, 侧重于事实；过去进行时表示动作在过去某时刻或某段时间内正在进行, 强调动作的持续性和未完成性。如：
I wrote a letter to a friend last night.昨天晚上我给一个朋友写了一封信。（信写完了, 强调事实）
I was writing a letter to a friend at this time last night.昨天晚上这个时候，我在给一个朋友写信。（信不一定写完了，强调动作）
( )1.（2021江西22题）—What’s that terrible noise
—It’s John. He ______ the violin.
A. practiced B. is practicing C. was practicing D. has practiced
B
( )2.（2021江西26题）—How do we turn on the oven
—I ______ you. Weren’t you listening
A. tell B. am telling C. will tell D. have told
D
( )3.（2020江西29题）—The coffee’s finished!
—Oh, sorry! I ______ to the shop to get some.
A. am going B. was going C. went D. have gone
A
( )4.（2020江西34题）I don’t know the words to a lot of songs, but I do know some folk songs that my grandma ______ me at an early age.
A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. has taught
B
( )5.（2019江西30题）—Hurry up!
—One moment. I ______ my e-mail and then I’m ready to go.
A. read B. am reading C. was reading D. have read
B
( )6.（2019江西33题）—I’ve never seen Mr. Taylor before.
—Don’t worry. I ______ him to you before the meeting.
A. will introduce B. introduced C. have introduced D. had introduced
A
( )7.（2018江西31题）Sorry I’m late. I ______ with a friend and I completely forgot the time.
A. talk B. am talking C. was talking D. will talk
C
( )8.（2018江西35题）We ______ a party for Kate. It’s supposed to be a surprise.
A. were having B. had C. will have D. have had
C
( )9.（2017江西31题）I’ve just returned from my trip to London. I ______ many interesting places there.
A. visit B. will visit C. am visiting D. visited
D
( )10.（2017江西34题）Since we began to use the Internet, our lives ______ a lot.
A. change B. had changed C. will change D. have changed
D
( )11.（2016江西30题）The water ______ dark and dirty. It’s no longer safe to drink.
A. became B. has become C. will become D. was becoming
B
( )12.（2016江西32题）—May I speak to Mrs. Black
—Sorry, Mum can’t come to the phone now. She ______ a shower.
A. has B. had C. is having D. was having
C
( )13.（2015江西30题）—Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they
—No. They ______ to London on business.
A. have gone B. go C. have been D. will go
A
( )14.（2015江西34题）—Do you have any plans for tonight
—Yes, I ______ at the new Italian restaurant in town.
A. eat B. have eaten C. ate D. am going to eat
D
( )15.（2014江西31题）—You’re in a hurry. Where are you going
—To the cinema. Sue ______ for me outside.
A. waits B. waited C. is waiting D. was waiting
C
( )16.（2014江西36题）—Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. ______ you ______ it
—Not yet. I’m doing it right now.
A. Do; finish B. Had; finished C. Will; finish D. Have; finished
D
( )17.（2013江西33题）—Have you had your breakfast yet
—Yes. Mom ______ it for me.
A. was cooking B. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked
D
( )18.（2013江西39题）Tom wants to be a singer and he ______ singing lessons to do it.
A. took B. has taken C. is taking D. was taking
C
( )19.（2012江西38题）—Hello, Mum. Are you still on Lushan Mountain
—Oh, no. We are back home. We ______ a really good journey.
A. have B. had C. are having D. will have
B
( )20.（2012江西32题）—Hello, Mary! This is John. You must know why I ______ you.
—Oh, hello, John! I’ve waited for this call since last month.
A. called B. am calling C. was calling D. have called
B
( )21.（2011江西33题）Mary isn’t here at the moment. She ______ later.
A. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming
D
( )22.（2011江西36题）I’m now in New York with my friend Jenny. We ______ by plane on Monday.
A. arrive B. arrived C. are arriving D. will arrive
B
( )23.（2021江西样卷一）—Why was Paul very angry when he came back in the late afternoon
—Because he ______ that his new pen was gone.
A. discovered B. will discover C. was discovering D. is discovering
A
( )24.（2021南昌二模）—Linda, what great progress you’ve made!
—Thanks.I ______ English half an hour every day during the winter holiday.
A. practice B. practiced C. will practice D. have practiced
B
( )25.—We ______ very simply and do not spend much money on food.
—That’s why you’re called the Greens.
A. eat B. ate C. will eat D. had eaten
A
( )26.You can borrow this film—surely you ______ watching it.
A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed
C
( )27.—Where is Mum
—In the living room. She ______ a book at the moment.
A. was reading B. will read C. is reading D. has read
C
( )28.—Where is Lucy I haven’t seen her for days.
—She ______ Shangrao. She’ll be back next week.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
A
( )29.—Did you see Dorothy She just came back from abroad.
—Yes. But she ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
A. phones B. is phoning C. was phoning D. has phoned
C
( )30.My father ______ me a funny joke and I can’t stop laughing every time I think of it.
A. told B. tells C. will tell D. is telling
A
( )31.—Our computer is working again!
—Yes. Our IT teacher ______ it. It took him about an hour.
A. has fixed B. will fix C. is fixing D. was fixing
A
( )32.—The classroom is so quiet.
—Yes, all the students ______ for the final exam.
A. prepare B. prepared C. will prepare D. are preparing
D
( )33.—What did you do this Dragon Boat Festival
—I ______ the boat races on TV and read books.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch
B
( )34.—Do you know where your brother is, Mark
—Sorry, I ______ about a question and didn’t hear what you had said.
A. was thinking B. will think C. am thinking D. thought
A
( )35.My parents went to Nanchang to visit my sister yesterday. They ______ there for another three days.
A. stay B. have stayed C. will stay D. stayed
C
( )36.—Bob，can you take the dog for a walk
—Sorry, Dad.I ______ an online class.
A. take B. took C. am taking D. have taken
C
( )37.—You didn’t watch The Wandering Earth last night
—No. I ______ for my English test to be held next week.
A. study B. am studying C. was studying D. will study
C
( )38.We never know what ______ unless we try our best.
A. happened B. has happened C. will happen D. is happening
C
( )39.I’m so glad that I ______ nearly half of the test now.
A. finish B. finished C. will finish D. have finished
D
( )40.—How lucky!Mr.Herriot didn’t see me make faces just now.
—Yeah. He ______ on the blackboard.
A. wrote B. has written C. was writing D. was written
C
( )41.—It’s so cold here. I hear Miss Gao has gone to Hainan for Chinese New Year.
—Really Do you know when she ______
A. leaves B. was leaving C. has left D. left
D
( )42.Molly ______ on the phone，so I just smiled at her and went away without saying anything.
A. has talked B. will talk C. was talking D. talked
C
( )43.—What do you think of your hometown, Kate
—It ______ a lot. It’s more beautiful than before.
A. has changed B. changes C. will change D. change
A
命题点5
动词的语态
(必考：1道；单项填空)
中考解读：分析江西近10年中考真题可知，动词的语态主要在单项填空中考查，具体考查情况如下：
解题技巧：在解答此类试题时，考生首先应理解语境,判断题目是否考查被动语态，若主语与谓语动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，则用被动语态；然后根据语境或给出的时间状语判断应用哪种时态的被动语态【时态的结构、用法及各时态标志词见本书P9】。
真题探究
( )1.（2021江西28题）
The man did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He ______ on TV and becomes widely known.
A. interviewed B. has interviewed
C. was interviewed D. will be interviewed
C
【方法点拨】第①步：分析语境：这位男士在抗击新冠肺炎的战斗中表现出色，他在电视上 ，变得广为人知；第②步：根据语境可知这位男士应该是被采访，应使用被动语态，选项中有两个被动语态：C项：一般过去时的被动语态；D项：一般将来时的被动语态；第③步：结合常识及后句中的becomes widely known可知他被采访这一动作应是发生在过去，所以他现在广为人知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。
?被动语态的结构
被动语态的结构为“主语（动作的承受者）+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。常
时态 被动语态结构 例句 主动语态 被动语态
一般 现在时 am/is/are done We clean theclassroom everyday.我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
教室每天被我们打扫。
见的被动语态结构如下：
时态 被动语态结构 例句 主动语态 被动语态
一般 过去时 was/weredone Lu Xun wrote thebook. 鲁迅写了这本书。 The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。
一般 将来时 will/shall/be goingto be done They will plant trees tomorrow. 他们明天将要种树。 Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
明天树将要被他们种植。
含情 态动词 情态动词+be done We shouldn’t throw waste paper here. 我们不应该把废纸扔在这儿。 Waste paper shouldn’t be thrown here.
废纸不应该被扔在这儿。
续表
主动语态变被动语态的方法
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。
注意
主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动语态中有些感官动词（如hear, see, watch, notice等）和使役动词（如make, let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。如：
hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. be heard/seen to do sth.
make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.
( )1.（2020江西35题）You ______ lunch at school. So you don’t have to bring your own food.
A. give B. will give C. are given D. have given
C
( )2.（2017江西35题）A baby’s first month birthday is a special event in China and ______ with a special party.
A. is celebrated B. is celebrating C. was celebrated D. celebrates
A
( )3.（2016江西35题）I plan to build an unusual house. It ______ out of old things.
A. is built B. has built C. was built D. will be built
D
( )4.（2012江西39题）—Oh, my God! I can’t find my key to the office.
—Don’t worry. Perhaps it ______ at your home.
A. left B. has left C. was left D. had left
C
( )5.（2011江西40题）—What happened to Billy
—He ______ because of his drink-driving.
A. is caught B. was caught C. has caught D. had caught
B
( )6.The 19th Asian Games ______ in Hangzhou in September， 2022.
A. holds B. is held C. will be held D. was held
C
( )7.Now waste from daily life in Chengdu ______ to be separated into different groups.
A. is requiring B. is required C. required D. was required
B
( )8.—Who’s that boy in a black mask in the photo, John
—It’s my brother.This photo ______ in February when he was a volunteer.
A. might take B. can take C. is taken D. might be taken
D
( )9.It is reported that a total of 71, 000 5G base stations ______ in Jiangsu Province in 2020.
A. build B. built C. were built D. have built
C
命题点6
主谓一致
(2016.58, 2015.52;完形填空B)
中考解读：当符合语境的词是动词且在句中作谓语时，考生需结合上下文及关键信息判断应填该动词的哪种形式。在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。分析江西近10年中考真题可知，主谓一致在完形填空B中考查2次。
解题技巧：考生在做时态类试题、语态类试题及用动词的适当形式填空类试题时，若句子用一般现在时或现在完成时，应考虑主谓一致。主谓一致的规律大致可以归纳为三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则，考生可根据下列内容归类理解记忆。
语法一致原则
语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语 谓语 例句
不可数名词 单数 Water is important to everyone. 水对每个人都很重要。
可数名词单数及第三人称单数 单数 The young man is from Paris. 那位年轻人来自巴黎。
可数名词复数、人称代词复数、第一人称单数I及第二人称单数you 复数 （am/was除外） The children were in the classroom two hours ago. 孩子们两个小时前在教室里。
one of+可数名词复数/复数代词 单数 One of the books is boring. 这些书里有一本很无聊。
主语 谓语 例句
and或both…and…连接的名词 复数 Both Jenny and Kate are my friends. 珍妮和凯特都是我的朋友。
either, neither, each, every或no +单数名词 单数 Each person has a new book. 每个人都有一本新书。
复合不定代词 单数 Everybody has a chance to win. 每个人都有机会赢。
续表
主语 谓语 例句
主语后面跟有with, together with,except, but, like, as well as, rather than, including等 取决于 主语的数 The mother together with her three sons was happy. 这位妈妈和她的三个儿子都很开心。
分数/百分数+of+名词 取决于 名词的数 60%of the students in our class are girls. 我们班百分之六十的学生是女孩。
a lot of/lots of/ plenty of/the rest of+名词 A lot of people are in the classroom. 许多人在教室里。
续表
主语 谓语 例句
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 What he said is very meaningful. 他说的话很有意义。
a number of+可数名词复数 复数 A number of books were given to the poor students.许多书被给予那些贫穷的学生。
the number of+可数名词复数 单数 The number of the apples is 12. 苹果的数量是12。
续表
意义一致原则
意义一致就是概念一致，即谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。
主语 谓语 例句
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格等的词或短语 单数 Two meters is not as high as you think. 两米不像你想得那么高。
the+姓氏复数/the+姓氏+family，表示“……一家；……夫妇” 复数 The Smiths have decided to go to Kunming for holiday. 史密斯一家人已经决定去昆明度假了。
the+形容词，表示一类人 复数 The young are energetic. 年轻人很有活力。
注意
1. 某些集体名词，如family, class, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词要用单数形式；如果强调其中的成员，要用复数形式。如：
His family is going to move to Beijing. 他家将搬到北京。
The whole family are looking forward to the holiday. 全家人都在期待假期。
2. 由（both…）and连接的两个名词指不同的人时，谓语动词用复数形式（语法一致）；由and连接的两个名词指同一个人时，谓语动词用单数形式（意义一致）。如：
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 这个男孩和这个女孩听到这个消息时都很惊讶。
The writer and actor has come. 这位作家兼演员已经来了。
就近原则
就近原则指当句子有两个或两个以上主语时，谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致。
主语 谓语 例句
由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but（also）…, not…but… 或or连接的两个并列主语 谓语动词和距离其较近的主语在数上保持一致 Either Jimmy or I am going to give a speech. 要么吉米要么我将做一个演讲。
There be…和Here be…这两个句式中 be动词常与距其最近的主语在数上保持一致 Here is a book and two notebooks for you.这里有给你的一本书和两个笔记本。
1.Volunteering our time to help people ____ （be） a good way to learn new things.
is
2.Look! Julia as well as her sisters ____ （be）flying kites on the playground.
is
3.This pair of trousers ______（be）made in Hangzhou. I love the trousers a lot.
was
4.Neither my dad nor my sisters _______（stay）at home today. I must cook by myself.
stay
5.The teacher with all his students ______（be）having a picnic when it rained.
was
6.The talent show is becoming hotter and hotter online. Half of our class _______（show）an interest in it recently.
show
7.The number of the children in that village ____（be）35 this year and a number of the children with their parents _______（have）moved to cities in the past few years.
is
have
命题点7
非谓语动词
(必考：1~2道；单项选择、完形填空B)
中考解读：分析江西近10年中考真题可知，非谓语动词主要在单项填空和完形填空B中考查，均考查动词不定式的用法。具体考查情况如下：
【注：本专题主要讲解非谓语动词的用法，在完形填空B中考查非谓语动词时，会涉及其他命题点知识，因此针对完形填空B题型的解题方法见本书P19专项提升 用动词的适当形式填空】
解题技巧：在做此类试题时，考生应先分析本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后才能确定选用动词的哪种形式。
1. 判定本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：判断句子是否缺少谓语。
（1）当句子缺少谓语时，该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下，动词作谓语放在主语之后，如“I love you.”中，love就是谓语动词；
（2）当句中已有谓语动词，而且没有并列连词使其与所填动词并列时，该动词就用非谓语动词形式。
2. 判定本题该用非谓语动词的哪种形式：
（1）根据非谓语动词的句法功能确定用非谓语动词的哪种形式，即所作的成分；
（2）根据句式和固定搭配来确定。
考向1 动词不定式
动词不定式（to do）的功能
功能 例句
作主语 To keep the classroom clean is important. 保持教室干净是重要的。
作宾语 I want to keep the classroom clean. 我想保持教室干净。
作表语 My purpose is to keep the classroom clean. 我的目的是保持教室干净。
作补足语 Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom clean. 我们老师建议我们保持教室干净。
功能 例句
作状语 目的状语 I collect rubbish to keep the classroom clean. 我捡垃圾是为了保持教室干净。
原因状语 I am happy to keep the classroom clean.保持教室干净使我很开心。
结果状语 I am free enough to clean the classroom. 我足够闲，可以打扫教室。
作定语 I am not free now. I have many things to do. 我现在没空，我有许多事情要做。
续表
常见的接动词不定式作宾语的动词/词组（v.+to do sth. ……做某事）
afford 负担得起 agree 同意 choose 选择 decide 决定
expect 期待 forget 忘记 hope/wish 希望 learn 学习
manage 设法 plan 计划 prefer 更喜欢 prepare 准备
promise 承诺 refuse 拒绝 remember 记得 try 努力
wait 等待 want/would like 想要
常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词（v.+sb.+to do sth. ……某人做某事）
allow 允许 advise 建议 ask 要求 expect 期望
force 强迫 invite 邀请 order 命令 teach 教
tell 告诉 want 想要 warn 警告 wish 希望
动词不定式常用句型
1. too+adj./adv. +to do sth. 表示“太……而不能做某事”。
2. adj./adv. +enough to do sth. 表示“足够……做某事”。
3. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“比起做某事更喜欢做某事”。
4. It’s+adj.（+for/of sb.）＋to do sth.表示“（对于某人而言，）做某事是……/（某人）做某事是……”。
5. It takes （sb.）+时间+to do sth.表示“做某事花费（某人）……”。
6. It’s one’s turn to do sth.表示“轮到某人做某事”。
“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法
1. 动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语。如：
When to go to Beijing hasn’t been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定下来。（作主语）
I haven’t decided when to leave Beijing. 我还没决定什么时候离开北京。（作宾语）
My question is how to go to Beijing. 我的问题是如何去北京。（作表语）
2. “疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如：
Can you tell me where to buy a cup =Can you tell me where I can buy a cup 你能告诉我在哪里能买到杯子吗？
考向2 动名词
动名词（v.-ing）的功能
功能 例句
作主语 Teaching English is interesting. 教英语是有趣的。
作宾语 动词的宾语 She likes teaching English. 她喜欢教英语。
介词的宾语 She is good at teaching English. 她擅长教英语。
作表语 Her job is teaching English in a middle school. 她的工作是在一所中学教英语。
作定语 She wants to buy a washing machine. 她想买一台洗衣机。
常见的接动名词作宾语的动词/词组（v.+doing sth. ……做某事）
avoid 避免 consider 考虑 enjoy 喜欢
finish 完成 imagine 想象 keep 坚持
mind 介意 miss 错过 stop 停止
practice 练习 risk 冒险 stand 忍受
feel like 想要 succeed in 成功
advise/suggest 建议
注意
若动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
考向3 分词
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词由“v.+-ing”构成，表示主动、进行之意；过去分词由“v.+-ed”构成，表示被动、完成之意。
分词的功能
功能 用法 例句
作补足语 现在分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）。 I hear my sister singing. 我听见我妹妹在唱歌。
功能 用法 例句
作补足语 过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即动宾关系）。 I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上我理发了。
作定语 现在分词作定语，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语。 Do you know the boy playing football 你认识正在踢足球的那个男孩吗？
过去分词作定语，被修饰的词是其逻辑宾语。 Please hand in your written exercises. 请上交你的书面练习。
续表
现在分词与过去分词的区别
1. 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：
a sleeping girl一个睡着的女孩
the moved people被感动的人们
2. 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已完成的动作。如：
the developing country发展中国家
the developed country发达国家
( )1.（2021重庆A卷）The villagers plan ______ a new bridge over the river.
A. build B. building C. to build D. built
C
( )2.The parents suggested ______ in the hotel room but their kids wanted to camp out during the trip.
A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. slept
C
( )3.I think it’s important for children ______ how to do chores.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned
C
( )6.Mr.Li keeps ______ his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.
A. telling B. to tell C. told D. tell
A
( )4.My mom often asks me ______ my room on weekends.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
B
( )5.Whenever you have a chance ______ English, you should take it.
A. speak B. to speak C. spoke D. speaks
B
专项提升
用动词的适当形式填空
(必考：2~3道；完形填空B)
中考解读：分析江西近10年中考真题可知，用动词的适当形式填空均在完形填空B中考查，主要涉及非谓语动词、动词的时态、情态动词和祈使句，具体考查情况如下：
解题技巧：解答此类试题时，考生可参考以下步骤：
【注:铺灰内容（语态、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）近10年未考查过，但是均属于动词的常见变形，考生在确定符合该语境的词是动词后，也应结合语境或关键词考虑是否需要用被动语态，是否填动名词、现在分词或过去分词】
示例探究
come waste turn learn make give read accept
例1： We all hope you can _________ our invitation and join us in the picnic.
accept
【方法点拨】第①步：结合join us in the picnic及备选词可知此处表示“接受邀请” ，accept符合语境；第②步：本句包含一个宾语从句，宾语从句的结构为“主语（you）+谓语（can ）+宾语（our invitation）”结构，空处所填词作谓语；第③步：can后接动词原形。
例2： Don’t _______ Eddie food. I fed him just now.
give
【方法点拨】第①步：根据后句可知此处表示“不要给艾迪食物”，give符合语境；第②步：本句为祈使句，Don’t后接动词原形。
例3： Last night, Sandy ________ up with a good idea.
came
【方法点拨】第①步：结合空后的a good idea及备选词可知此处表示“想出一个好主意”，come up with 想出；第②步：本句为“主语（Sandy）+谓语（ up with）+宾语（a good idea）”结构，所填内容作谓语；第③步：根据Last night可知此处应填过去式，表示过去发生的动作。
例4： Tina is quite shy. Her face ________ red in front of the public.
turns
【方法点拨】第①步：根据前句可知此处表示“脸变红”，turn符合语境；第②步：本句为“主语（Her face）+系动词+表语（red）”结构，空处填系动词；第③步：根据前句中的is可知介绍蒂娜的习惯，用一般现在时，主语Her face为单数，空处应填动词单三形式。
例5： Bruce, thank you for helping me with my English. I have ________ much progress.
made
【方法点拨】第①步：根据前句可知此处表示“取得许多进步”，make much progress 取得许多进步；第②步：本句为“主语（I）+谓语（have __）+宾语（much progress）”结构，空处所填词作谓语，应填动词；第③步：此处表示到目前为止取得的进步，结合空前的have可知本句用现在完成时，空处填过去分词。
例6： Each year, quite a lot of food is _________ around the world. It’s really time for us to do something.
wasted
【方法点拨】第①步：结合语境及备选词可知此处表示“许多食物被浪费”，waste符合语境；第②步：根据句意可知此句使用被动语态，空前有is，空处填过去分词。
例7： The best way __________ English is to use it as often as you can.
to learn
【方法点拨】第①步：结合use it as often as you can及备选词可知此处表示“学英语的最佳方法”，learn符合语境；第②步：本句为“主语（The best way English）+系动词（is）+表语（to use it as often as you can）”结构，句子结构完整，空处所填词不作主干成分，考虑非谓语动词；第③步：所填内容作定语，且位于名词后，应填动词不定式作定语。
例8： Bob showed a great interest in __________ when he was young, so he became a writer.
reading
【方法点拨】第①步：根据后半句可知此处表示“对阅读有很浓厚的兴趣”，read符合语境；第②步：本句为“主语（Bob）+谓语（showed）+宾语（a great interest）+in+介词in的宾语（ ）”结构，空处所填词作in的宾语，考虑非谓语动词；第③步：show a great interest in doing sth. 对做某事表现出浓厚的兴趣，空处应填动名词。
一、小题试练
Group 1
care have develop spread know mean discover say wish discuss
1.He sent me a few messages, but I haven’t replied yet as I don’t know what _________.
to say
2.Machines are taking the place of workers. It _________ there will be fewer jobs for human beings.
means
3.My dear kids, please _______ for yourselves when you are playing outside.
care
4.It’s helpful for children ____________ the habit of saving money.
to develop
5.He didn’t mention the event, so nobody ________ what happened to him last night.
6.If it is sunny tomorrow, we will _______ a picnic near the river.
have
7.Though the boy’s parents _______ him to be a pianist as he grows up, he is interested in dancing.
wish
8.Jim ____________ the special stone when he was playing on the beach.
discovered
9.If you would like to _________ the matter further, please call me.
discuss
10.China has _________ its traditional culture to the world since a long time ago.
spread
knew
Group 2
have buy come see describe enter want read make feel
11.They __________ the office with the teacher five minutes ago.
entered
12.The man is happily ____________ what he saw during his winter vacation.
describing
13.Professor Li _______ quite satisfied with his students’ creative inventions.
feels
14.We were all busy at that moment and nobody noticed him ________ into the room.
come
15.There were few bananas in the fridge. So my mother went to the supermarket and _________ some.
bought
wants
18.Jerry ________ to look for a part-time job as a waiter in a restaurant.
Reading
19.Read more, please! __________ books can build a bridge between our life and the unknown world.
make
20.The couple use many different methods to ________ their menus more attractive.
16.Our teacher warned us not to make small talk in the classroom, for it would _______ a bad influence on others.
have
17.Everyone was surprised ________ her at the party last night.
to see
二、语篇提升
Passage 1
plant know carry be remain prevent fall make provide have
Trees are useful to humans in three important ways: They 21. __________ humans with wood and other products, they give humans shade, and they help to prevent droughts and floods.
Unluckily, in many parts of the world, people don’t 22. ________ that the third of these is the most important. In their eagerness（渴望） of 23. __________ money from trees, some people cut trees down in large numbers. And besides, they are usually unwilling 24. __________ or look after new trees, so the forests slowly become smaller and smaller.
provide
know
making
to plant
This does not only mean that humans will 25. _______ fewer trees in the future. The results 26. ______ even more serious: for the places where there are trees, their roots can 27. __________ the rain from washing away the soil, but if there are no trees, the rain 28. _______ on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and 29. __________ away the rich topsoil. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing 30. __________ but death.
have
are
prevent
falls
carrying
remains
Passage 2
describe create appear come have play introduce pull see think
Pipa is one of the most popular traditional Chinese instruments. It first 31. ___________ in the Qin Dynasty. And it 32. ______ a history of over two thousand years.
The word “pipa” came from two main skills that are needed33. _________ the instrument. “pi”means finger pushing and “pa” means finger 34. _________. In the Tang Dynasty, pipa was 35. ____________ to countries nearby. Today you can 36. ______ similar instruments in Japan and North Korea.
appeared
has
to play
pulling
introduced
see
As to pipa music works, most of Chinese people will 37. ________ of Shimian Maifu. It is one of the top ten ancient music works in China. Sunny Spring and White Snow is one of the several traditional Chinese pieces for pipa. It was said that the piece was 38. _________ by either Shi Kuang from the State of Jin or Liu Juanzi from the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period. Sunny Spring describes a sunny spring day when everything 39. ________ back to life. White Snow records the beauty of snow that covers bamboo and plants. Now, Sunny Spring and White Snow is widely used to 40. __________ highbrow（高雅的） art forms such as classical music, painting and literature.
created
comes
describe
think