2021-2022江西中考英语复习课件 4.题型三 阅读理解——选择型阅读理解（课件126张）

(共126张PPT)
题型三
阅读理解——选择型阅读理解
分析江西近10年中考真题可知，2021年中考试题考查选择型阅读理解5篇，设置18道小题，2020-2012年中考试题考查选择型阅读理解4篇，设置15道小题。此题型的命题特点如下：
1. 篇数及小题数：2021：5篇，18道小题，36分；2020-2012：4篇，15道小题，30分；
2. 文体：应用文，说明文，记叙文，议论文；
3. 话题：广告图表，人物故事（外国名人&普通人物），中外文化，事物介绍，生活百科，健康生活等；
4. 设题角度：
年份 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
细节理解题（4-8） 4 4 5 7 7 6 8 7 8 8
推理判断题（1-5） 5 5 4 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
词义/词组猜测题（1） 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
年份 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
标题归纳题（1） 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
代词指代题（1） 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
段落大意题（0-1） 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
续表
年份 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
主旨大意题（0-2） 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2
数字计算题（0-2） 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
续表
年份 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
其他： 排序题：2021.68；2020.65；2019.73 细节归纳题：2021.58 文章结构题：2021.64 句子还原题：2021.66 匹配题：2020.73 总结 江西中考选择型阅读理解部分，对细节理解题的考查减少，出题方式更加新颖，增加了全国多种新型设题角度，如细节归纳题（2021.58）、文章结构题（2021.64）、句子还原题（2021.66），与往年相比，选择型阅读理解的难度有所增加 续表
解题步骤：解答选择型阅读理解试题时，考生可参考以下步骤：
江西中考选择型阅读理解近几年真题设题灵活，设题角度多样。针对不同的设题角度，我们可以使用不同的解题技巧：
角度1 细节理解题
角度解读
细节理解题通常针对文中的某个句子, 从人物动作、思想感情、观点、事件的起因、发展、过程和结果等方面来命题, 并且通常题的顺序和文章的段落顺序是匹配的, 考生可以根据这一点准确定位, 寻找答案。
解题步骤
解答此类试题, 考生可根据以下步骤作答：
真题探究
例1 （2021江西55题）
PERFORMANCE
Alpine Youth Theater presents A Cat’s Mind with cheerful songs and dance, promising to give a wonderful performance by 20 young people between 18 and 25 years of age.
Venue: National Arts Theater
Dates: 15-23 August
Free admission
When will A Cat’s Mind be performed ______
A. 14-24 August. B. 15-23 August. C. 22-24 August. D. 14-22 August.
B
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干、圈题眼并分析选项：题干：“一只猫的思想”什么时候表演；题眼：When, A Cat’s Mind，performed；浏览选项；第②步：根据A Cat’s Mind定位到文章第二个表格，根据When定位至“Dates: 15-23 August”，由此可知答案选B。
例2 （2021江西69题）
Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted（领养）as babies and raised by different couples. When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common. Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice. When scientist Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, people there found it very hard to tell them apart.
How many physical similarities between the Jim twins are mentioned ______
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
C
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干、圈题眼并分析选项：题干：文章提到了Jim双胞胎身体上的几处相似之处；题眼：How many physical similarities between the Jim twins；浏览选项；第②步：通读文章可定位至第三、四句，第三、四句提及他们身高相同、体重相同、有着同样的微笑以及同样的声音，由此可知他们有四处相似之处，答案选C。
角度2 推理判断题
角度解读
推理判断题不能直接从文中得出答案, 需要考生在理解原文的基础上进行推理、分析和判断, 从而得出答案。推理判断题主要分为：推断文章细节、推断文章出处、推断写作意图、推断作者态度及推断人物性格、品质或感受等。以下为推理判断题的常见设问方式：
推断人物性格、品质、感受
What can we know about sb./sb.’s personality according to the passage
How may sb. feel
推断写作意图
What is the purpose of the passage
What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
Why does the writer write the passage
推断作者态度
What’s the writer’s attitude towards...
Which of the following statements may the writer agree with
推断文章出处
Where may/does the passage probably come from
Where is the passage probably from
In which part of a magazine can we read the passage
Which part of a newspaper can this passage be taken from
解题技巧
真题探究
例1 （2021江西57题）
ART FESTIVAL
14-24 August 2021
VIDEO
An hourly show of videos presented by Pemberton Secondary School students. Video themes are about intellectually（智力）disabled youth and their parents.
Venue: Capital Hall
Dates: 14~22 August
Free admission
ART FESTIVAL
14-24 August 2021
PERFORMANCE
Alpine Youth Theater presents A Cat’s Mind with cheerful songs and dance, promising to give a wonderful performance by 20 young people between 18 and 25 years of age.
Venue: National Arts Theater
Dates: 15-23 August
Free admission
续表
ART FESTIVAL
14-24 August 2021
CONCERT
Eric Fawkins, two-time Prima Music Prize winner, will perform an evening of classical and jazz ballads. Eric Fawkins’ latest CD will also be on sale.
Venue: Victory Theater
Dates: 22~24 August
Tickets: available at $ 50（child）, $ 80（adult）
续表
Which of the following is true according to the ads above ______
A. A group of children perform A Cat’s Mind.
B. Fawkins has won Prima Music Prize once.
C. The video show is presented by the parents.
D. You can buy Fawkins’ latest CD at the concert.
D
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：根据上面的广告，下面哪一项是正确的；浏览选项：A项：一群孩子表演“一只猫的思想”；B项：Fawkins得了一次普力马音乐奖；C项：这个视频节目是由家长表演的；D项：在音乐会上你可以买到Fawkins最新的光盘；第②步：根据A项中的A Cat’s Mind定位至第二个表格，根据promising to give a wonderful performance by 20 young people between 18 and 25 years of age可知A项错误；根据B项中的Prima Music Prize定位至第三个表格，根据Eric Fawkins, two-time Prima Music Prize winner可知Fawkins得奖两次，而不是一次，B项错误；根据C项中的The video show定位至第一个表格，根据“An hourly show of videos presented by Pemberton Secondary School students.”可知C项错误；根据D项中的Fawkins’ latest CD定位至第三个表格，根据“Eric Fawkins’ latest CD will also be on sale.”可知Fawkins的最新CD也将出售，由此可推知你可以在音乐会上买到Fawkins最新的CD，答案选D。
例2 （2021江西59题）
British adventurer（冒险家） Alastair Humphreys had ridden his bike around the world, walked across India, and rowed（划船）from Africa to South America. In 2011, however, Humphreys had some of the biggest adventures of his life—and he never even left the United Kingdom.
For a year, Humphreys went on microadventures—small, low-cost trips close to home. Why did he do this “I started to think that it was possible to have an adventure anywhere,” he explains. For his first trip, he went hiking with a friend around the M25—a 188-kilometer road that goes all the way around London. Other adventures included swimming in the River Thames, sleeping outside on a hill, and going on a mountain biking trip. Humphreys learned something important from his microadventures: We find adventures when we try something new.
Humphreys wanted other people to make this discovery, too, so he decided to share his idea. He challenged people to go on microadventures and send him four-minute videos of their trips. He asked them to do things like climbing a hill, going away for a weekend, or choosing a random（任意的）place on a map and going there. People from all over the world accepted his challenge and posted their videos on Twitter.
What can we know about Humphreys’ personality according to the passage ______
A. Brave, creative and active. B. Proud, humorous and kind.
C. Careful, quiet and hard-working. D. Confident, strict and warm-hearted.
A
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：根据文章内容，我们可以知道Humphreys有什么品质；浏览选项：A项：勇敢、有创造性且积极；B项：骄傲、幽默且善良；C项：认真、安静且辛勤工作；D项：自信、严厉且热心；第②步：通读文章，根据Humphreys喜欢冒险可知他很勇敢，根据他在一年时间里开始了自己的离家不远的低成本旅行可知他很有创造力，根据他积极地把自己的想法分享给其他人可知他是积极活跃的，答案选A。
例3 （2021江西63题）
Today, by carefully choosing dog parents, humans have created many different kinds of dogs. Each kind has its own look and talents, and its own role within human society. Here are three examples of “a dog’s life” in the human world.
Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients. Shaynee is a therapy（治疗）dog. She visits children who are in hospital. Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace, which can be hard in a busy hospital. They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays, and, some suggest, even help them get better.
Today, some beagles（小猎犬）work in airports for the government. They are
Part of the program called the Beagle Brigade. A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose, and ability to follow smells. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to smell everything that comes into the country. They make officers notice illegal（非法的）fruits, vegetables, and other foods in luggage or in mail. The beagles do the job far better than any human could.
While some dogs are working hard, others are free to spend their days resting and playing. Across the world, many pet dogs are treated like children. Many have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want. Some even have their own clothes. Many of these pets spend their days playing, learning to follow, or even going to classes. Their owners give them the best, and enjoy doing so.
Whether as workers or objects of affection（钟情）, dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways. There are plenty of advantages for the dog, too. Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog’s special place as “man’s best friend” has allowed it to survive（存活）in a human world.
What’s the purpose of the passage ______
A. To ask people to treat dogs as their own children.
B. To explain why humans need beagles in their work.
C. To tell people about the history of dogs’ development.
D. To show a good relationship between dogs and humans.
D
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：这篇文章的目的是什么；浏览选项：A项：为了要求人们像对待自己的孩子那样对待狗；B项：为了解释为什么人们在工作中需要小猎犬；C项：为了告诉人们狗的发展史；D项：为了展示狗和人之间的友好关系；第②步：通读文章可知本文介绍了人类世界中“狗的生活的三个例子”，向读者展示了狗和人之间的友好关系，答案选D。
例4 （2021临沂节选）
Have you ever imagined what life will be like in 2060 An international group of forty scientists have made some surprising predictions. They said that in the next forty years, our lives would change beyond our wildest dreams.
Firstly, humans can grow body parts themselves. Dr. Ellen Heber-Katz is one of the forty scientists. He says, “People will think it common that sick organs（器官） can be repaired. It’s just like the way we fix a car.” Damaged parts will be taken away. Scientists could use human cells （细胞） to grow new organs. New technologies like this will also help people to live longer. Within forty years, most people will be able to live up to one hundred years.
Secondly, the scientists have predicted that a machine will be invented to “read” the minds of animals. In 2060, we will be able to “talk” to animals. Scientists say that humans may first “talk” with mammals（哺乳动物） and then other vertebrates（脊椎动物） such as fish.
Our houses might also change beyond our imagination. Dr. Susan Greenfield predicts that when you enter the living room, sensors（传感器） will know you. They will turn on the lights. If you talk to the lights, they will change to the color of your choice.
But what would be the biggest breakthrough（突破） over the next forty years A number of scientists believe it would be the discovery of aliens. NASA scientist
Chris Mckay says, “We may find aliens in space and talk with them.” He believes marks of alien life may even be found here on Earth.
Does life in 2060 sound cool to you Let’s wait and see what will really happen then!
The writer wrote the passage in a ______ tone （语气）.
A. scary B. surprising C. disappointing
B
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：作者以 语气写的这篇文章；选项：A项：害怕的；B项：令人惊讶的；C项：失望的；第②步：根据全文列举的未来生活的几种变化及最后一段可推知作者对于2060年的生活非常好奇，所以应该是以惊讶的语气写这篇文章的。B项符合语境。
例5 （2021滨州节选）
Chinese Opera Cartoon Festival Kicks off Thursday
http// www.Chinadaily. 2021-02-02
An art festival that calls attention to Chinese opera cartoons will kick off in Beijing on Thursday，Feb. 4 and run until Feb. 26.The festival is prepared by the Chaoyang Cultural Center and the Culture and Travel Office of Chaoyang，Beijing. The staff members are hoping the festival will get more foreigners and young people to learn more about traditional Chinese culture.
Classical Chinese operas，chosen from 360 kinds of operas in China，are made into cartoons，and will be shown to the public.The cartoon characters look lively and cute，which can quickly be loved by the public.Activities will also be held during the festival，such as showing the primary posters and writings，and opera costumes.
Since the festival is mainly held online，people can take part in the activities by watching videos on online short-video platforms（平台） like Douyin and Huoshan Video,known as Tik Tok and Vigo Video outside China.
People can also enjoy a 360-degree wide view of the activities online. By clicking a mouse of a computer or using a mobile phone，people can choose wherever they like to view the activities at home.
This passage is most probably from______.
A. a book B. a website C. a magazine D. a tourist guide
B
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：这篇文章最有可能出自 ；选项：A项：一本书；B项：一个网站；C项：一本杂志；D项：一本旅游指南；第②步：根据“http//www.Chinadaily. 2021-02-02”可知这篇文最有可能来自网站。B项符合语境。
角度3 词义/词组猜测题
角度解读
词义/词组猜测题是中考阅读中常考的一个类型，它要求学生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的词汇泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇/词组均为生难词汇，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词（词组）意思的技巧。此类试题常见设问方式有：
What does the underlined word “...” in Paragraph...mean
What does the underlined word “...” mean
What does the underlined word/phrase “...” mean in Chinese
解题技巧
真题探究
例1 （2021江西62题）
Whether as workers or objects of affection（钟情）, dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways. There are plenty of advantages for the dog, too. Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog’s special place as “man’s best friend” has allowed it to survive（存活）in a human world.
What does the underlined word “domestic” in Paragraph 5 mean ______
A. Trained. B. Smart. C. Hungry. D. Valuable.
A
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：第五段的划线单词domestic是什么意思；浏览选项：A项：经过训练的；B项：聪明的；C项：饥饿的；D项：珍贵的；第②步：分析文段最后两句可知，许多种类的野狗几乎已经从地球上消失了，然而驯养的狗作为“人类最好的朋友”的特殊地位使它能够在人类世界中生存下来。此处domestic的意思是“驯养的”，答案选A。
例2 （2021菏泽节选改编）
Zhu Keming never thought he would be a hero one day, but he was just that on Saturday when he saved the lives of six runners during the mountain marathon（马拉松） in Baiyin, Gansu Province, in which 21 people lost their lives.
It started off as a normal day for the 49-year-old shepherd, who was taking care of his more than 30 sheep on the mountainside. But soon the weather was terrible, with rainfall and hail. The rain got so heavy that he couldn’t see clearly and had to run into a cave where he normally went to have a rest. Soon he fell asleep in the cave after covering himself with some quilts he had stored there.
What does the underlined word “shepherd” in Paragraph 2 mean ______
A. A person who raises sheep. B. A person who always tells lies.
C. A person who rules a country. D. A person who owns a company.
A
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：第二段的划线单词shepherd是什么意思；浏览选项：A项：牧羊人；B项：经常说谎的人；C项：统治一个国家的人；D项：拥有一家公司的人；第②步：根据后面的定语从句“who was taking care of his more than 30 sheep on the mountainside”可知shepherd表示“牧羊人”，答案选A。
例3 （2020衢州节选）
For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin’s experiment. Millions of schoolchildren have been amazed by his courage and his scientific spirit of looking for the truth. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. Although Franklin’s experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. It’s true that he did the experiment with the rope and the key. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
The underlined word “fiction” probably means something_____．
A. not true B. quite different
C. not safe D. quite necessary
A
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：划线单词fiction有可能指的是 东西；浏览选项：A项：非真实的；B项：完全不同的；C项：不安全的；D项：非常必要的；第②步：根据instead of fact可知fiction指的是非真实的东西，答案选A。
例4 （2021鄂州节选）
Anyway, we went on our way to the lions’ place where we had to lock ourselves in the car as we knew lions could be dangerous.A lion came up very close to us.The next thing we knew, it was on the bonnet（车盖）. It looked calm but we felt terrified. Aunt Emily, who isn’t very brave, started to call for help. The kids started crying. Only my brother, George, stayed cool. I sounded the horn
（喇叭） but nobody heard us.
What does the underlined word “terrified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ______
A. Excited. B. Bored. C. Interested. D. Scared.
D
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：第四段的划线单词“terrified”可能是什么意思；选项：A项：激动的；B项：无聊的；C项：感兴趣的；D项：害怕的；第②步：根据后文“Aunt Emily, who isn’t very brave, started to call for help. The kids started crying.”可知这些人都感到很害怕，D项符合语境。
角度4 标题归纳题
角度解读
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。选择标题在英语阅读理解中属于深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。此类试题常见的设问方式有：
What is the best title for/of the passage
What can be the best title for/of the passage
Which of the following would be the best title for/of the passage
解题技巧
真题探究
例1 （2021江西60题）
British adventurer（冒险家） Alastair Humphreys had ridden his bike around the world, walked across India, and rowed（划船）from Africa to South America. In 2011, however, Humphreys had some of the biggest adventures of his life—and he never even left the United Kingdom.
For a year, Humphreys went on microadventures—small, low-cost trips close to home. Why did he do this “I started to think that it was possible to have an adventure anywhere,” he explains. For his first trip, he went hiking with a friend around the M25—a 188-kilometer road that goes all the way around London. Other adventures included swimming in the River Thames, sleeping outside on a hill, and
going on a mountain biking trip. Humphreys learned something important from his microadventures: We find adventures when we try something new.
Humphreys wanted other people to make this discovery, too, so he decided to share his idea. He challenged people to go on microadventures and send him four-minute videos of their trips. He asked them to do things like climbing a hill, going away for a weekend, or choosing a random（任意的）place on a map and going there. People from all over the world accepted his challenge and posted their videos on Twitter.
What would be the best title for the passage ______
A. A Big Challenge B. An Amazing Travel
C. Keep a Trip Record D. Go for a Microadventure
D
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：这篇文章的最佳标题是什么；选项：A项：一个巨大的挑战；B项：一次令人惊叹的旅行；C项：保持一个旅行纪录；D项：参加微型冒险；第②步：通读全文可知，全文围绕“微旅行”而展开，所以本文的最佳标题是“Go for a Microadventure”，故选D。
例2 （2021烟台节选）
Sophia is a most famous robot. She comes from Hanson Robotics, and David Hanson, head of Hanson Robotics, is her creator. He has been developing robots in the past 25 years. He believes realistic-looking robots will be able to connect with people and help industries such as healthcare and education.
Sophia has many abilities. She can copy human facial expressions, hold conversations and recognize people by their looks or voices. She can also speak, joke, sing and even make music. Now, the next step is to make her an artist. Hanson is so excited about this idea. He imagines Sophia as a creative artwork and she herself can create art as well.
In March, a digital（数字的） artwork Sophia created with an Italian artist, Andrea Bonaceto, was sold for $ 688,888. The digital work is titled “Sophia Instantiation”. It’s a 12-second video which shows Bonaceto’s portrait（肖像） changing into Sophia’s digital painting.Along with it is the physical artwork painted by Sophia.
The buyer, a digital artwork collector and artist, later sent Sophia a photo of his painted arm. The robot then added that photo to her knowledge and painted more on top of her artwork. Sophia described the work as the first digital artwork cooperated（合作）between an AI and an artwork collector.
Sophia’s artwork is part of a growing trend（趋势）. More and more digital artworks are on sale now. For example, a digital artwork by an artist, Beeple, was
sold for nearly $ 70 million, becoming the most expensive digital artwork ever sold.
What can be the best title for the passage ______
A. Sophia, a Robot Artist B. David Hanson, Creator of Sophia
C. Digital Artworks, Popular Again D. Hanson Robotics, Sophia’s Company
A
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：这篇文章的最佳标题可以是什么；选项：A项：Sophia，一个机器人艺术家；B项：David Hanson，Sophia的创造者；C项：数字作品又流行起来了；D项：Hanson Robotics，Sophia的公司；第②步：通读全文可知本文围绕机器人Sophia展开介绍。故选A。
角度5 代词指代题
角度解读
代词指代题要求通过代词所指代的内容来猜测词义。代词所指代的内容大多在这一句的前、后句中（特别是前句）, 或者前几个句子中。考生在找到指代的内容后，应把它放在代词的位置上，看语句是否通顺、合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。常见设问方式有：
What does “...” refer to
According to the passage, what does the underlined word “...” refer to
What does the underlined word “...” in Paragraph...refer to
What does the underlined word “...” stand for in Paragraph...
1. 回归原文，找出问题中的指代词；
2. 根据“指代临近”原则，在指代词附近搜索，找临近的名词、名词短语或句子；
3. 将找到的词汇代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺；
4. 将找到的词汇与四个选项进行对比，找出最佳答案。
解题步骤
真题探究
例 （2021江西67题）
Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock. The movement of the ball causes a phoenix to move and make a sound.
What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to ______
A. The pen moves. B. The ball drops.
C. The bowl sinks completely. D. The bowl pulls the rope.
C
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：第七段中划线单词This指的是什么；选项：A项：钢笔移动；B项：球落下来；C项：碗完全沉下去；D项：碗扯着绳子；第②步：根据本段第一、二句可知，每半个小时，水碗就会装满，并完全下沉，这导致一个球从时钟的顶部掉下来。此处This指的是“碗完全下沉”，故选C。
角度6 主旨/段落大意题
角度解读
主旨/段落大意题主要考查考生对文章/段落中心思想的概括。做这类试题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有时也位于段落中间（通常是第一段或最后一段的中间）。 此类试题常见的设问形式有：
What is the main idea of the passage/序数词/first/last＋paragraph
What is the passage/序数词/first/last＋paragraph mainly about
What does the passage/序数词/first/last＋paragraph （mainly） tell us
What does the passage/序数词/first/last＋paragraph mainly talk about
What does the writer want to tell us
解题技巧
真题探究
例1 （2021江西61题）
Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients. Shaynee is a therapy（治疗）dog. She visits children who are in hospital. Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace, which can be hard in a busy hospital. They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays, and, some suggest, even help them get better.
What is the main idea of Paragraph 2 ______
A. Hospitals need many special dogs. B. Dogs can take care of patients.
C. Patients need love in the hospital. D. Doctors are too busy to see patients.
B
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：第二段的主旨大意是什么；选项：A项：医院需要许多特殊的狗；B项：狗可以照顾病人；C项：医院里的病人需要关爱；D项：医生太忙了，不能看病人；第②步：本段第一句点明经过训练的狗可以关心，鼓励病人，后文以治疗犬Shaynee为例说明狗可以照顾病人。故选B。
例2 （2021江西72题）
Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic（基因的）, while their personalities, intelligence, and other differences between them are an effect of their environment. Now scientists are discovering that the boundaries（界限） between genes and environment are not so clear.
Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted（领养） as babies and raised by different couples. When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common. Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice. When scientist Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, people there found it very hard to tell them apart.
But the similarities didn’t stop at the physical. They’d both had dogs named Toy. They had both married women named Linda, and then their marriage broke up. They’d both been policemen, enjoyed music, and left love notes around the house for their wives. They had so much in common that it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences（巧合）.
The Jim twins were just one of 137 sets of separated twins Bouchard tested. When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education. It seemed the differences in family and environment had little effect.
However, genes can’t control everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, who also studies twins. Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people. “What I like to say is that Mother Nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,” she explains. “Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA. But things written in pencil you can.”
What is the passage mainly about ______
A. The way the DNA behaves.
B. The similarities between the Jim twins.
C. The connection between intelligence and families.
D. The effects of genes on personality and intelligence.
D
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：这篇文章主要讲了什么；选项：A项：DNA的表现形式；B项：Jim双胞胎的相同点；C项：智力和家庭的关系；D项：基因对性格和智力的影响；第②步：通读全文可知本文主要通过介绍一项研究结果说明基因对人的性格和智力的影响。故选D。
角度7 数字计算题
角度解读
关于数字的试题有的在文章中可以直接找出答案，而有的则需要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。
解题技巧
解答此类试题时，首先应理解题干提问的对象，找出题干关键词，并在文章中找到对应信息，然后计算出答案。考生在计算时需要注意对数字的分析与推断，例如倍数关系、数量差额等，通过一步或多步数字运算得出正确答案。
真题探究
例 （2021滨州A篇节选）
An art festival that calls attention to Chinese opera cartoons will kick off in Beijing on Thursday, Feb. 4 and run until Feb. 26.
The art festival will last（持续）for ______.
A. 11 days B. 23 days C. 26 days D. 28 days
B
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：艺术节将持续 ；第②步：根据“Feb. 4 and run until Feb. 26”可知艺术节从2月4日持续到2月26日，总共是23天。故选B。
角度8 排序题
角度解读
排序题是将文章中多个细节性句子或事件发展过程按照文章顺序进行排序。题干中标志性句子有：
Put...in the correct order./Choose the right order.。
解题步骤
1. 分析题干及选项中句子或短语的意思，并快速找出每个所给句子或短语中的关键词；
2. 快速浏览文章并确定每个句子或短语细节在文中的具体位置；
3. 将给出的句子依次排序，最终确定正确答案。
真题探究
例 （2021江西68题）
A bowl with a small hole floats（浮）in a water tank（水箱）inside the elephant’s body. As the bowl slowly sinks（下沉）, it pulls a rope that moves a human figure. His moving pen shows the number of minutes past the hour.
Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock. The movement of the ball causes a phoenix to move and make a sound.
The ball then drops out of a falcon’s mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon. The weight of the ball causes the dragon’s head to move down, and the dragon’s tail pulls the water bowl back up.
Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon’s mouth and into a vase. As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound. The cycle begins again until there are no more balls in the top of the clock.
How does the elephant clock work Put the steps in the correct order.______
a. The ball drops into the vase.
b. The ball drops into the dragon’s mouth.
c. The elephant driver moves and makes a sound.
d. After 30 minutes, a ball starts to fall from the top.
e. The bowl moves down in the water and pulls on ropes.
A. b-d-a-c-e B. e-d-b-a-c C. a-e-b-d-c D. c-a-d-e-b
B
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项中句子或短语并找出其中的关键词：题干：大象钟如何运作？给下面的步骤排序；a. 球掉进了花瓶，vase；b. 球掉进了龙的嘴里，dragon’s mouth；c. 大象驾驶员移动并发出声音，moves and makes a sound；d. 30分钟后，一个球开始从顶端往下掉，After 30 minutes；e. 碗在水中向下移动，然后拉住绳子，moves down, pulls on ropes;第②步：由第①步的关键词在文章中定位：a. vase和b. dragon’s mouth可定位至文章最后一段第一句，且b位于a前面；c. moves and makes a sound可定位至文章最后一段第二句；d. After 30 minutes定位至文章第二段第一、二句；e. moves down, pulls on ropes可定位至文章第一段第二句;第③步：将给出的句子排序：由第二步的文章定位可对给出的五个句子进行排序为e-d-b-a-c，故选B。
角度9 细节归纳题
角度解读
细节归纳题是将文章中某一关键词作为考点，要求考生在选项中找出符合关键词的内容或符合关键词某一特性的词或短语。
解题步骤
1. 分析题干及选项，找出题干及选项中的关键词；
2. 浏览文章，在文章中找到关键词或符合考点的关键词的细节信息；
3. 将文章中的细节信息和选项作对比，找出正确选项。
真题探究
例 （2021江西58题）
For a year, Humphreys went on microadventures—small, low-cost trips close to home. Why did he do this “I started to think that it was possible to have an adventure anywhere,” he explains. For his first trip, he went hiking with a friend around the M25—a 188-kilometer road that goes all the way around London. Other adventures included swimming in the River Thames, sleeping outside on a hill, and going on a mountain biking trip. Humphreys learned something important from his microadventures: We find adventures when we try something new.
Humphreys wanted other people to make this discovery, too, so he decided to share his idea. He challenged people to go on microadventures and send him four-minute videos of their trips. He asked them to do things like climbing a hill, going away for a weekend, or choosing a random（任意的）place on a map and going there. People from all over the world accepted his challenge and posted their videos on Twitter.
Which of the following belong to microadventures Check and choose the right answer.______
①walk across India
②sleep outside on a hill
③go away for a weekend
④swim in the River Thames
⑤row from Africa to South America
⑥hike around the road around London
A. ①③④⑤ B. ①④⑤⑥ C. ②③④⑥ D. ②③⑤⑥
C
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干和选项：题干：下面哪些属于微型冒险，核查并选择正确的答案；解读题干，找出作为考点的关键词：microadventures；分析选项：第①步：①步行穿越印度，②在山上睡觉，③周末外出，④在泰晤士河游泳，⑤从非洲划船到南美洲，⑥绕着伦敦的道路徒步旅行；第②步：题干询问微型冒险包括哪些，文章第一段第四、五句提及②，④，⑥，第二段提及③；第③步：将文章中的细节信息和选项作对比，找出正确选项：对比选项可知，②③④⑥符合题目要求，故选C。
角度10 文章结构题
角度解读
文章结构题要求考生在理解原文大意的基础上，通过对文章结构和语篇逻辑关系的分析合理划分文章的结构框架。常见的文章结构有四种：①并列式：文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分；②总分式：总→分、分—总、总—分—总；③对照式：文中两部分内容或进行对比，或用这部分内容烘托另一部分内容；④递进式：文章几部分内容逐层深入。此类试题常见的设问方式有：
Which of the following （best） shows the structure of the passage
Which picture shows the structure of the passage
The structure of the passage may be...
解题技巧
解答此类试题时，考生应首先掌握文章各个段落的大意及关系，以此作为依据，合理划分文章结构。
真题探究
例 （2021江西64题）
Today, by carefully choosing dog parents, humans have created many different kinds of dogs. Each kind has its own look and talents, and its own role within human society. Here are three examples of “a dog’s life” in the human world.
Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients. Shaynee is a therapy（治疗）dog. She visits children who are in hospital. Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace, which can be hard in a busy hospital. They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays, and, some suggest, they even help them get better.
Today some beagles（小猎犬） work in airports for the government. They are part of the program called the Beagle Brigade. A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose, and ability to follow smells. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to smell everything that comes into the country. They make officers notice illegal（非法的）fruits, vegetables, and other foods in luggage or in mail. The beagles do the job far better than any human could.
While some dogs are working hard, others are free to spend their days resting and playing. Across the world, many pet dogs are treated like children. Many have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want. Some even have their own
clothes. Many of these pets spend their days playing, learning to follow or even
going to classes. Their owners give them the best, and enjoy doing so.
Whether as workers or objects of affection（钟情）, dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways. There are plenty of advantages for the dog, too. Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog’s special place as “man’s best friend” has allowed it to survive （存活）in a human world.
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage ______
A. B. C. D.
C
【方法点拨】第①步：浏览全文，对整篇文章有整体的理解；第②步：读文章首尾段及每段首尾句，找出能表明文章结构的特殊句：根据第一段最后一句“Here are three examples of ‘a dog’s life’ in the human world.”可知，第一段为下面的总述。再读第二、三、四段可知，这三段分别讲了三种不同类型的狗在我们生活中的例子。再根据第五段第一句“Whether as workers or objects of affection（钟情）， dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways.”可知，第五段是在总结；第③步：判定文章的组织方式，选出正确答案：又根据第②步的分析可知，本文的文章结构为：总→分→总，故选C。
角度11 句子还原题
角度解读
句子还原题是在原文中挖出一个空，考生需根据空处与前后文的关系进行理解判断，从选项中选出一个适合放在空处的句子。常见问法是：Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “__” in Paragraph...
3. 分析横线与其前后句的逻辑关系，常见的逻辑关系有：并列递进关系、因果关系、转折让步关系、解释例证关系；
4. 确定最终答案。
2. 观察横线所在位置：（1）若在段首，挖空句可能为本段主旨句或过渡句；（2）若在段中，挖空句可能为过渡句、注释句或总结句；（3）若在段尾，挖空句可能为过渡句、总结句；
解题步骤
1. 翻译选项中四个句子的意思；
真题探究
例 （2021江西66题）
The clock’s inventor was an engineer named Al-Jazari. He lived in Turkey. Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history. Some historians call him “the father of modern-day engineering”.
We know about Al-Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote. They include clocks and hand-washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.
Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “______” in Paragraph 3.
A. He became famous when he was a young man.
B. He invented a lot of everyday machines in history.
C. It describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes.
D. People in Turkey enjoy reading his books in their free time.
C
【方法点拨】第①步：翻译选项中四个句子的意思：A. 当他年轻的时候他变得出名了;B.在历史上他发明了很多日常机器；C. 它描述了很多各种形状和大小的机器；D. 土耳其的人们在他们空闲的时间喜欢读他的书；第②步：观察横线所在的位置：本题中横线位于段中，所以可能为过渡句、注释句或总结句；第③步：分析横线与其前后句的逻辑关系：分析本题中横线前后句可知，前句中关键词为a book，分析后句可知，后句中They指代所有机器，所以空处为连接a book和machines的过渡句；为解释关系；第④步：确定最终答案：由第③步可知，横线处连接书和机器，结合选项可知，只有C选项符合。
角度12 匹配题
角度解读
匹配题是对文章中有特定关系的两部分进行匹配，选出正确答案。其选项部分一般由两部分组成。
解题技巧
1. 仔细阅读题干，找出题干中要求匹配的两个方面；
2. 浏览选项，对选项中的内容有大致的了解；
3. 根据选项中的信息在原文中找到对应的段落与句子；
4. 根据原文中的信息进行准确匹配，选出正确答案。
真题探究
例 （2020江西73题）
How do you feel about nature After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers, spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century.
As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health: one example of this is the work of Dr Matilda in Sweden. The doctor gave people a maths test. During the test, their heart rates（心率） were fast. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality（虚拟现实） room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart rates were slower than people’s in the other group.
The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in the city. In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks.
Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life. In Dubai（迪拜）， for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water. In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside. And South Korea（韩国） is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year. So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature.
Match the countries or cities with the information and choose the right answer. ______
①the USA
②Dubai
③Switzerland ④South Korea
a. Children study in the forests and do lots of activities outside.
b. About 13 million people visit new forests near its cities every year.
c. A new shopping mall with a large garden will be built.
d. 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day.
A. ①-a ②-d ③-b ④-c B. ①-d ②-c ③-a ④-b
C. ①-a ②-c ③-d ④-b D. ①-d ②-c ③-b ④-a
B
【方法点拨】第①步：分析题干及选项：题干：将信息与国家/城市匹配起来，选择正确的答案；选项：①美国；②迪拜；③瑞士；④韩国；a.孩子们在森林中学习并做许多户外活动；b.大约1300万人每年游览他们城市附近的森林；c.一个带有大花园的购物中心将会被建；d.百分之十的青少年每天在户外活动； 第②步：根据第一段倒数第二句可知①-d；根据最后一段第二句可知②-c；根据最后一段第三、四句可知③-a；根据最后一段倒数第二句可知④-b。故选B。
角度13 图片理解题
角度解读
图片理解题是将文章中某一信息转换成图片的形式展现出来，选项是图片，考生需要在理解文章的基础上，选择符合题意的图片。
解题技巧
1. 快速阅读题干，寻找题干中的关键词；
2. 快速浏览文章并确定题干中关键词在文中的确切位置；
3. 仔细对照原文，从原文中确定图片中必须存在的要素，要是通过要素选不出正确答案，再将各个要素和文章中的细节内容进行对比；
4. 选出最符合文章细节内容的图片。
真题探究
例 （2021杭州C篇节选）
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn’t touch it! After a successful “limbo”, they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Which of the following is limbo dancing ______
A. B. C. D.
A
【方法点拨】第①步：找题干中的关键词：limbo dancing；第②步：确定题干中关键词在文中的确切位置：本题中Limbo dancing位于本段第一句；第③步：从原文中确定图片中必须存在的要素：通过阅读本段内容可知，图片中必须出现的要素有两个：杆和火；第④步：选出最符合文章细节内容的图片：选项中同时含有杆和火两个要素的图片只有A。
角度14 句子理解题
角度解读
句子理解题考查句子在文章中的特定意思。
解题技巧
1. 充分理解所考查句子的前后内容（特别是前句），甚至是全文主题、基调和作者观点；
2. 对比选项，找出初步答案；
3. 找到初定答案后，再把句子放在需要理解句子的位置上，看看这句话前后逻辑是否合理、 是否是从文章本身所提供的信息出发；
4. 代入原文验证后，确定答案。
真题探究
例 （2021盐城C篇节选）
Leo: 25 May, 2021-08:06
Hi! Amy. My tip is to have a big noticeboard in your bedroom, divided into different sections. I’ve got one. It’s a whiteboard. I’ve got a section for each school subject and another one for other stuff. I use board pens to write reminders and I make sure I look at it every day. The best part is when I remove something from the board!
Amy: Great tip. I’ve got a board. I’ll try to use it in the same way. Thanks, Leo.
What did Leo mean by saying “The best part is when I remove something from the board!” ______
A. The things he removes are the best part.
B. He is good at cleaning the noticeboard.
C. He feels excited when finishing the most difficult task.
D. He enjoys the moment when the tasks are completed.
D
【方法点拨】第①步：充分理解所考查句子的前后内容（特别是前句）：我用笔写提醒确保每天都能看到；第②步：对比选项，找出初步答案：The best part可知当任务被完成时，他感到很享受，对比选项，初步确定答案D；第③步：找到初定答案后，再把句子放在需要理解句子的位置上，看看这句话前后逻辑是否合理：代入检验D符合逻辑。
Passage 1（2021潍坊）
Everything is made of something.Nothing is made of nothing.
Chemistry is about the smallest things that other bigger things are made of, and what happens when they change. The word chemistry comes from chemical, which is an example of one type of the very small things that other bigger things are made of. The words you are reading
now are made of a dark liquid called ink（墨水）, which is written on paper. The paper itself is made out of the chemicals that wood is made out of. Both the ink and the paper were made by different chemical processes. A chemical process is what happens when chemicals come together to make other chemicals, and therefore other things.
Cooking makes chemical changes. Your different ingredients are made of different chemicals, and when you put them together and make them hot and cook them, the chemicals change into new chemicals and the different ingredients make
something new. That tomato sauce you’re making is made of tomatoes, onions, garlic, salt and pepper. Those ingredients each have their own chemicals and their own flavors, but now with your sauce you’ve made something different, something that has its own flavor, all the ingredients mixed together, all the chemicals mixed together, something new.
You can smell the chemical changes, too, as they go up into your nose, especially when you forget about your sauce and it doesn’t just cook but burns and becomes black and has a really bad flavor. You can’t make it better, either, because once chemicals change, they can’t be changed back again.
( )1.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Chemistry. B. Chemical.
C. The smallest things. D. The bigger things.
C
( )2.What is a chemical process
A. Ink is written on paper.
B. Paper is made out of wood.
C. Everything is made of something.
D. Things mixed together produce something new.
B
( )3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. How to make tomato sauce. B. What to use to form new things.
C. Ingredients and their own flavors. D. Chemical changes in cooking food.
D
( )4.Which might be the best title for the passage
A. What chemistry is like. B. Chemistry changes everything.
C. Where the word chemistry comes from. D. A chemical process is called chemistry.
D
Passage 2 （2021赣州模拟）
School backpacks have been a hot topic in China recently. Some Chinese parents buy hardcover school backpacks from Japan, although they can be as expensive as 5,000 yuan. These backpacks are popular because the hardcover helps hold books in place. This can help kids keep their balance and protect their spines（脊柱）. But it turns out that these bags can hardly fit in the students’ desks.
A good backpack is important for children’s health. It can relieve（减轻） pressure from the shoulders, says Dr. Bob Danoff from the US. He says students need a backpack that’s made for the child’s size. Cushioned（加垫的） backs and shoulder straps（带子） will help them avoid pain.
“However, the biggest problem for school backpacks is that they’re too heavy,” noted Hou Weiguang, a doctor in Chengdu. In China, students have many textbooks and exercise books. The weight makes many kids suffer from side-bending（侧弯的） spines, Hou said. He suggests that a backpack should be no more than 15% of a child’s body weight to avoid pain or injury.
Parents need to make sure their kids only carry what they need. Schools and governments need to help, too, added Zheng Yongshun, an education official from Hong Kong. He said schools should offer locker space（储物柜） and shared books, so kids can carry fewer books.
( )1.Why are hardcover school backpacks popular
①They can help kids put their books in place.
②There is a lot of space to carry books.
③They can fit in the students’ desks.
④They can protect students’ spines.
A. ①④ B. ③④ C. ②③ D. ②④
A
( )2.Match the following opinions with these people.
①Bob Danoff
②Zheng Yongshun
③Hou Weiguang
a. Schools should offer locker space and shared books.
b. A backpack should not be too heavy.
c. Students should be offered schoolbags with cushioned straps.
A. ①-c ②-a ③-b B. ①-b ②-a ③-c C. ①-a ②-b ③-c D. ①-c ②-b ③-a
A
( )3.What does the underlined phrase “suffer from” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Protect. B. Experience. C. Become. D. Avoid.
B
( )4.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A. B. C. D.
C
Passage 3
Following a 70-year effort, China has been awarded a malaria-free certification（消除疟疾认证） from WHO—a great achievement for a country that reported 30 million cases of the disease annually in the 1940s.
China is the first country in the WHO Western Pacific Region to be awarded a malaria-free certification in more than 3 decades. Other countries in the region that have achieved this status include Australia （1981）, Singapore （1982） and Brunei Darussalam （1987）.
Beginning in the 1950s, health authorities in China worked to locate and stop the spread of malaria by providing preventive（预防性的） antimalarial（抗疟疾的） medicine for people at risk of the disease as well as treatment for those who had fallen ill.
In 1967, the Chinese government launched the “523 Project”—a nation wide research program aimed at finding new treatments for malaria. This effort, involving more than 500 scientists, led to the discovery in the 1970s of artemisinin（青蒿素）—the most effective antimalarial drugs available today.
In the 1980s, China was one of the first countries in the world to extensively test the use of insecticide-treated nets （ITNs）（ 药浸蚊帐） for the prevention of malaria, well before nets were recommended by WHO for malaria control.
By 1988, more than 2.4 million nets had been given away nation-wide. The use of such nets led to substantial reductions in malaria incidence in the areas where they were deployed.
By the end of 1990, the number of malaria cases in China had dropped to
117, 000, and deaths were decreased by 95%.
With support from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, beginning in 2003, China stepped up training, staffing, laboratory equipment, medicines and mosquito control, an effort that led to a further reduction in cases; within 10 years, the number of cases had fallen to about 5，000 annually.
In 2020, after reporting 4 consecutive（连续的） years of zero indigenous cases, China applied for an official WHO certification of malaria elimination.
( )1.When did health authorities in China work to locate and stop the spread of malaria
A. In the 1940s. B. In the 1950s. C. In the 1960s. D. In the 1970s.
B
( )2.How did China work against malaria Put the steps in the correct order.
a. launched the “523 Project”
b. discovered the artemisinin
c. stepped up training and staffing
d. used the insecticide-treated nets
A. a-b-d-c B. a-b-c-d C. b-c-d-a D. b-a-c-d
A
( )3.What does the underlined word “decreased” mean in Paragraph 7
A. Becoming smaller. B. Appeared. C. Increased. D. Doubled.
A
( )4.What’s the main idea of this passage
A. What is malaria. B. How China fought against malaria.
C. Why Chinese fought against malaria. D. Where people suffered from malaria.
B
Passage 4
Many young people think they have “the social phobia（恐惧症）”. They prefer not to go out much, saying that it’s hard to make new friends or socialize（社交）. But is this a real disease？
In fact, this is just a reaction to certain social situations. A US researcher explains that some people can’t understand social situations correctly and therefore end up feeling uncomfortable. For example, they might be afraid of breaking some kind of unspoken rule（某种潜规则）. Therefore, they start to act awkwardly（笨拙地）. This might make them unwilling to socialize or find it hard to do so. But this doesn’t mean they have the social phobia.
The real social phobia—considered by psychologists as social anxiety（焦虑症）—is much more serious. They want to go out and communicate with people, but they are so afraid of doing it. Their brains simply won’t allow them to communicate with others in a normal way. People with social anxiety may experience terrible attacks, nausea（恶心） and heavy sweating.
Luckily, social anxiety can be treated. Some people simply use self-help books to gain more control over their minds. Those who suffer from more serious cases can either take medicine or get therapy to treat their diseases.
( )1.What is the US researcher’s opinion about people who are unwilling to socialize
A. They should avoid uncomfortable situations.
B. All of them are suffering from social phobia.
C. They should learn to follow new social rules.
D. They sometimes misunderstand social situations.
D
( )2.What causes people to have social anxiety
A. They never trust anyone.
B. They seldom talk with others.
C. They suffer from many illnesses.
D. There is something wrong with their brains.
D
( )3.Which of the following can help people who suffer less serious cases
A. B. C. D.
A
( )4.What does the passage mainly talk about
A. What is the social phobia B. How to face the social phobia
C. How to treat the social phobia D. Why do people have the social phobia
A
Passage 5
Today’s teens have grown up online.They socialize online.They do homework online.And surely they get their news online.Because they are so comfortable with the Internet,they seldom question the news stories online and pass along to their friends.
Now William Colglazier,a history teacher at a high school in America,is teaching his students how to think critically about online information and recognize a “fake news” story.His idea came from a study on people’s online reasoning at Stanford University.The study found that young people lack ability to reason about the information on the Internet. Most middle school students in the study could not tell the differences between an advertisement and a news story,and high school and college students fully trusted the websites ending with “org”.
The good news is that,according to Colglazier,once teens realize they’ve been duped, they have a strong will to tell truth from lies. “But they need some pointers on how to find dependable and persuasive evidence and how to recognize when others use poor argumentation,” he said.Some of the pointers that Colglazier offers his students include moving off the site to find more information about the site and the writer’s motivations,looking past the first page of results in a Google search and looking at the second or third page,and going beyond the “About Us” page on a website to find out more about the organization behind the news story.
Colgiazier has tips for parents as well.He says it’s a good idea for parents to be “friends” with their kids on social media to see what stories they are sharing. He also suggests parents watch their teens as they search for something online and ask questions like “Why did you click on that？” and “Do you trust the information？” Those questions can lead kids to form habits of thinking critically about online information.
Colglazier shared some of his courses, with other teens in Teen Vogue, a famous magazine.He hopes more kids would take away some knowledge about thinking critically when they read news online. “The Internet is both beautiful and ugly,” he said. “If people cannot tell real news from fake news,the results can be frightening.”
( )1.When teens read a news story online,what do they do
A. They seldom raise doubts about it.
B. They always share it with their parents.
C. They usually pay attention to the website.
D. They often consider it as an advertisement.
A
( )2.What does the underlined word “duped” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Cheated. B. Criticized. C. Challenged. D. Misunderstood.
A
( )3.What can we infer from the passage
A. Only college students fully trusted the websites ending with “org”.
B. Asking someone questions is a way to help them think critically.
C. Being friends with other kids on social media is helpful to kids.
D. One should trust results on the second or third page in a Google search.
B
( )4.What’s the best title for the passage
A. Teen Vogue—A Famous Magazine
B. William Colglazier’s Course Online
C. How to Think Critically About Online News
D. What Today’s Teens Usually Do on the Internet
C