2021-2022江西中考英语复习课件 5.专题四 代词(共48张PPT)

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名称 2021-2022江西中考英语复习课件 5.专题四 代词(共48张PPT)
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(共48张PPT)
专题四 代词
命题点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
命题点2 普通不定代词
命题点3 复合不定代词
命题点4 指示代词
命题点1
人称代词、物主代词
和反身代词
(除2021年外,每年1~2道;单项填空、完形填空A、完形填空B)
中考解读:分析江西近10年中考真题可知,人称代词、物主代词和反身代词主要在完形填空A和完形填空B中考查,在单项填空中考查1次。辨人称考查8次,均在完形填空A中考查,辨人称+辨形式考查1次(2013.26);完形填空B中考查3次,其中变形1次(2020.54:they→their),不变形2次。
解题技巧:解答此类试题,考生可参考以下步骤:
【注:完形填空B可参考“辨人称+辨形式”步骤做题:第①步:根据上下文判定此处用方框中给出的人称代词;第②步:分析句子结构,判断使用人称代词的哪种形式。】
类别 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词 性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourself
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their their themselves
【知识必背】
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一览表
考向1 辨人称
“辨人称”指的是选项的形式相同,人称不同,如:选项都是人称代词主格(we, you, they, she)或选项都是形容词性物主代词(my, your, her, his)。针对此类试题,考生需要根据题干中的提示词及语境判断应该用哪一人称,其中第一、二人称比较容易判断,一般都有对应人称的提示词。第三人称的区分方法具体如下:
1. 若所填词指代的是题干中的lady, woman, mother, aunt, sister, girl, madam, Miss, Mrs., Mary, Cindy等代表女性的名词或名字, 应用与she相关的词(she, her, hers, herself)。如:
The woman over there is our maths teacher. She is friendly to us. 那边的那位女士是我们的数学老师。她对我们很友好。(The woman提示要用She)
2. 若所填词指代的是题干中的gentleman, man, father, uncle, brother, boy, sir, Mr., David, John等代表男性的名词或名字,应用与he相关的词(he, him, his, himself)。如:
My uncle is a singer. I like his songs very much. 我叔叔是一名歌手。我很喜欢他的歌曲。(My uncle提示要用his)
3. 若所填词指代的是题干中的the book, a dog, this flower, friendship等表示某个物品、某个动植物或抽象概念的名词,应用与it相关的词(it, its, itself)。如:
Look at the dog!It is so cute. 看那只狗!它太可爱了。(the dog提示要用It)
4. 若所填词指代的是题干中的many people, a group of students, the books等表示第三人称复数的词,应用与they相关的词(they, them, their, theirs, themselves)。如:
There are many people on the square. They are dancing. 广场上有很多人。他们正在跳舞。(many people提示要用They)
考向2 辨形式
“辨形式”指的是选项中的人称相同,但是形式不同。如:选项都是第一人称(I,my,mine,myself)。解答此类试题的关键是掌握人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法,分析句子结构,判断所缺部分在句中所作的成分,然后选出正确答案。人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的常见用法如下:
类别 用法 例句
位置 所作成分 主格 用在动词/系 动词/情态动 词之前。 作主语。 They all like sports. 他们都喜欢运动。
宾格 用在动词/介 词之后。 作宾语。 My mother will take me to the park.
我妈妈将带我去公园。
Let’s go and look for him. 我们去找他吧。
用在系动词 之后。 作表语。 The boy in the picture is me.
照片里的男孩是我。
1. 人称代词的用法
2. 物主代词的用法
类别 用法 例句
位置 所作成分 形容词性物主代词 用在名词之前。 作定语。 This is my pet cat. 这是我的宠物猫。
名词性物主代词 用在动词/系动 词之前。 作主语。 That’s her eraser. Mine is on the desk. 那是她的橡皮。我的(橡皮)在书桌上。
名词性物主代词 用在动词/介词 之后。 作宾语。 I left my dictionary at home. Can you lend yours to me 我把词典落在家里了。你能把你的借给我吗?
用在系动词之后。 作表语。 This pencil is his. 这支铅笔是他的。
注意
物主代词不能和this, that, some, a, an, the等词连用。
3. 反身代词的用法
用法 例句
位置 所作成分 用在动词/介词之 后。 作宾语。 The little girl can’t dress herself. 这个小女孩不能自己穿衣服。
Charles said to himself, “I must work hard.”查尔斯对自己说:“我必须努力学习。”
用在系动词之后。 作表语。 The boy in the story was myself. 这个故事里的男孩是我自己。
用在名词/代词之后 或句末。 作同位语。 The boy/He himself finished the task. =The boy/He finished the task himself. 这个男孩/他自己完成了任务。
拓展
反身代词的常见固定搭配
考向3 辨人称+辨形式
“辨人称+辨形式”指选项中人称不同,形式也不同。如:I, he, him, them。考生可结合考向1和考向2的内容分步解题。
( )例: I will help the old woman clean ______ room on the coming weekend.
A. she B. he C. her D. their
C
【方法点拨1】第①步:分析语境:在即将到来的周末,我将帮助这位老妇人打扫 房间;第②步:辨人称:结合语境及the old woman可知应选与she相关的代词,排除B、D;第③步:辨形式:所填词在句中作定语,修饰room,应用形容词性物主代词,排除A。
【方法点拨2】第①步:分析语境:在即将到来的周末,我将帮助这位老妇人打扫 房间;第②步:辨形式:所填词在句中作定语,修饰room,应用形容词性物主代词,排除A、B;第③步:辨人称:结合语境及the old woman可知应选与she相关的代词,排除D。
( )1.(2013江西26题)There are lots of restaurants in our town. And most of ______ are clean and cheap.
A. it B. they C. us D. them
D
( )2.(2021重庆A卷)Ann has got a letter from her best friend. It makes ______ quite excited.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
B
( )3.Peter is a very kind boy. We all like ______.
A. her B. him C. it D. them
B
( )4.—Tom is upset these days. What’s wrong with him
—I’ve no idea. He always keeps everything to ______ .
A. himself B. him C. he D. his
A
( )5.—Does your sister like red
—Yes. This red skirt belongs to ______.
A. hers B. her C. she D. herself
B
( )6.Miyazaki Hayao (宫崎骏) is a famous director, and the young all like watching ______ cartoons.
A. his B. her C. their D. him
A
( )7.—Is Mr. Liu your physics teacher
—Yes, and ______ classes are difficult but interesting.
A. she B. her C. he D. his
D
he I they it we she you
8.(2021大庆)Each of _____ should study hard and do something for our country.
us
9.(2021云南省卷)When I fell and hurt _________, my mother encouraged me to stand up and gave me a hug.
myself
10.Whenever I watch Chinese Doctors, I will be moved by the doctors and nurses in ____.
it
11.Mr. Green will come here. I can’t wait to see ______.
him
12.Lucy and Chris are twin sisters. _______ are both pop music fans.
They
13.I couldn’t find my computer, so my sister asked me to use _______.
hers
14.Keep calm! A good grade depends on good behavior and hard work. If you believe in yourself, success will belong to ______.
you
命题点2
普通不定代词
(10年3考;单项填空、完形填空B)
中考解读:分析江西近10年中考真题可知,普通不定代词在单项填空和完形填空B中涉及,在单项填空中考查1次:many(2012.31);在完形填空B中考查2次:Another(2015.57);others(2012.56)。
解题技巧:解答此类试题的关键是掌握普通不定代词的含义及用法。常见普通不定代词的含义及用法如下:
代词 含义及用法 固定搭配
other 其他的,只作定语,表泛指,后接可数名词复数。 any other其他任何一个……,后接可数名词单数 each other=one another互相
others (=other+ 可数名词 复数) 泛指其他的人或物,表示在一定范围内(三者或三者以上)除去一部分后的其他一些,但不是剩余的全部,其后不接名词。 some…others… 一些……,另一些……
the other 特指两者中的另一个,其后可以接名词,也可以不接名词。 one…the other… 一个……,另一个……
other, others, the other, the others与another
代词 含义及用法 固定搭配
the others 特指在一定范围内(三者或三者以上)除去一部分后其余所有的人或物,其后不接名词。 some…the others…一些……,另一些……
another 再一个,另一个,泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个,后接可数名词。 another+数词+名词=数词+more+名词
续表
both, either, neither, all与none
代词 含义 用法
both 两者都 both作主语时,谓语动词用复数; “both…and… ……和……都”,连接并列结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
either (两者中的)任意一个 either作主语时,谓语动词用单数; “either…or… 或者……或者……;要么……要么……”,连接并列结构作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
neither (两者)都不 neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数; “neither…nor… ……和……都不”,连接并列结构作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
代词 含义 用法
all (三者或三者以上)全部都 表示全部肯定,作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
none (三者或三者以上中)没有一个 表示全部否定,作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
续表
many与much
代词 相同点 不同点
many many和much都意为“许多”,可单独使用,也可跟of短语,也可与表示程度的副词so或too连用。 修饰或指代可数名词复数。
much 修饰或指代不可数名词。
代词 相同点 不同点
some some和any都意为“一些”,修饰或指代可数名词复数和不可数名词;可单独使用,也可跟of短语。 一般用于肯定句中,也可用于表建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方的肯定回答。
any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时表示“任何(一个/一些)” 。
some与any
every与each
代词 every each
不同点 仅用作定语,修饰名词单数,不可单独使用。 用作定语,修饰名词单数,也可单独使用。
指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”。 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”。
后不可跟of短语。 后可跟of短语。
相同点 “every/each+名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 肯定意义 否定意义 所接/代替名词
a little一点儿 little几乎没有 (a) little不可数名词
a few 一些,几个 few 几乎没有 (a) few 可数名词复数
little, a little, few与a few
( )15.(2012江西31题) It’s easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have ______ of them here.
A. none B. few C. many D. each
C
( )16.—In the shop window there were many magazines.
—Yes. But ______ of them interested me.
A. none B. both C. neither D. all
A
( )17.—Would you like ______ noodles
—Yes, please. Just ______.
A. any; a few B. some; a little C. some; a few D. any; a little
C
( )18.It is not so far from the tiger museum to the bird world, so you can visit ______ just in a day.
A. either B. both C. neither D. nor
B
( )19.Mr. Robinson, we didn’t quite follow you. Would you please give us ______ example
A. other B. another C. the other D. others
B
much all neither other either
20.You can choose ________ of the two rooms and the other is for the guest tomorrow.
either
21.Tom sped up in the last few seconds and soon left ________ runners behind.
other
22.Penny is in charge of the meeting. She knows ________ about the project.
much
23.__________ of them knows French, so I have to ask a third person for help.
Neither
24.After the four trips, Gulliver realizes that every place has its civilization and culture and it’s not necessary for us to accept _____ of them.
all
命题点3
复合不定代词
(10年5考;单项填空、完形填空A、完形填空B)
中考解读:分析江西近10年中考真题可知,复合不定代词主要在完形填空A中考查,单项填空和完形填空B也会涉及。具体考查情况如下:
解题技巧:解答此类试题的关键是掌握复合不定代词的含义及用法,常见复合不定代词的含义及用法如下:
词根 -one/-body(指人) -thing (指物)
some-(肯定) someone/somebody 某人 something 某事,某物
any-(否定/肯定) anyone/anybody 任何人 anything 任何事
every-(肯定) everyone/everybody 每个人 everything 每件事,一切
no-(否定) no one/nobody 没有人 nothing 什么都没有
常见复合不定代词的含义
常见复合不定代词的用法
1. 由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词,其区别同some和any。someone, somebody, something通常用于肯定句;anyone, anybody, anything通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。
2. 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词之后。如:
There is something interesting in the book.这本书里有一些有趣的东西。
3. 复合不定代词可作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数。如:
Somebody is talking in the empty house.有人在那个空房子里说话。
4. somebody还可意为“大人物;重要人物”;nobody还可意为“小人物;无名小卒”。如:
I’d like to be somebody. 我想要出人头地。
( )25.(2015江西26题)Our teacher was very happy because ______ failed the examination.
A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody
B
( )26.(2021贵港) —______ is in the classroom. Where are the students
—They are all in the chemistry laboratory.
A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody
C
( )27.(2021盐城)—Why are you laughing, Daniel
—There is ______ funny in the e and see.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
B
( )28.—When do you plan to start for the meeting tomorrow
—Didn’t ______ tell you that the meeting had been put off
A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody
C
( )29.—What are you going to give your daughter for her graduation
—I’m not sure. But I will buy her ______.
A. something special B. special something
C. anything special D. special anything
A
something nothing someone everybody nobody
30.I think _________ will use money in 100 years. Everything will be free.
nobody
31.Learning is a lifelong journey because it brings us ____________ new every day.
something
32.Though the movie Hi, Mom is really a big hit, I’m afraid it won’t be liked by ____________.
everybody
33.Believe in yourself. Do this and no matter where you are, you will have __________ to fear.
nothing
34.When Jane studied alone in Japan, she always hoped there was __________ she could spend holidays with.
someone
命题点4
指示代词
(2019.53;完形填空B)
中考解读:分析江西近10年中考真题可知,指示代词仅在2019年完形填空B中考查过一次(2019.53)。
解题技巧:解答此类试题时,考生应掌握各指示代词的用法。
常见指示代词的用法
代词 用法
this (复数是 these) 指代时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物,当指代的人或物为单数时用this,为复数时用these。
指代下文要提到的事。
代词 用法
this (复数是 these) 在电话用语中, 常用this介绍自己是谁。
that (复数是 those) 指代时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物,当指代的人或物为单数时用that,为复数时用those。
用于比较级结构中,代替前面提到的名词,当前面的名词为可数名词单数或不可数名词时用that,为可数名词复数时用those。
指代前面刚刚提到过的事。
在电话用语中,常用that询问对方是谁。
续表
常考易混代词辨析
it和one不是指示代词,但是分析全国中考试题可知it,one经常和this,that在一起考查,所以考生也应掌握其用法。
代词 用法 例句
it 指代与上文提到的对象是同一事物(同类同物)。 I put my dictionary on my desk, but today it is gone.我把我的字典忘在书桌上了,但是今天它不见了。
one/ ones 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(同类异物),其复数形式为ones。 I don’t like this pen. Could you show me a better one 我不喜欢这支钢笔。你能给我看一支更好的吗?
( )35.The gravity on Mars is only about three eighths of ______ on the Earth.
A. that B. those C. one D. ones
A
( )36.—Maria, how do you like Journey to the West, one of the four classic novels of Chinese literature
—Wonderful! I like ______ very much.
A. one B. them C. it D. its
C
one this it those
37.—What do you think of learning Chinese, David
—Actually, I find ____ hard to learn Chinese well in a short time.
it
38.A study shows that the children who share the housework at home are more understanding than ________ who do not.
those
39.Nancy, ______ is my cousin, Yan Wan. She just came back from Beijing.
this
40.I have a few books on Chinese food. You can borrow ______ if you want.
one
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