2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案宾语从句

十七 宾语从句
宾语从句就是在主从复合句中充当主句中谓语动词的宾语的句子。句中的宾语一般由名词、代词、 动名词或动词不定式充当。
宾语从句的三个要点： 1.引导词 2.从句语序 3.主从句的时态
考点一：宾语从句的引导词（连接词）
连接词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，不译，可以省略。
I am afraid（that）you are right.
连接词if 、whether，意为“是否”，在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。
Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词后：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
④宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem .
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。
1). He asked _________can answer this question. (谁能回答这个问题）
2). Do you know_________they are waiting for （他们在等谁）
3). He asked ___________handwriting is the best in the class.（谁的书法是班上最好的）
4). Please tell me ___________we hold the meeting.（我们什么时候开会）
5). Can you tell me ___________he is （他在哪儿）
6). Could you tell me _____________I can go to the train station.（我该怎么去车站）
7). Would you tell me __________the train was late.（为什么火车晚了）
考点二：宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
Can you tell me who（m） do we have to see （╳）
Can you tell me who（m） we have to see （ √）
考点三：宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态应遵循以下三个原则：
需要性原则：主句是现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句时态随句意。如：I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.
I hear Joe will leave for Beijing next week.
呼应性原则：主句是过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时），从句用相应的过去的某种时态。如：When I got to school,I realized that I had left my back-pack at home.
3. 特殊性原则：从句表示客观事实、真理或自然现象时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that practice makes perfect,so we should do more practice.
四、其他需要说明的问题
What’s wrong/the matter/trouble (with...) What happened to... 作宾语从句时语序不变。
如：Do you know what happened to her
如果主句的谓语动词是think，guess，believe等动词，且后面接含有that引导的否定意义的宾语从句时，常将否定词提前到主句中。
如：I don't think I copied down the maths problems correctly. （否定主句）
I don’t believe that he is a thief, is he (反意从句)
一些宾语从句可以简化成“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的结构。
I don’ t know what I should say. = I don’ t know what to say.
Could you tell me how I can get there = Could you tell me how to get there
宾语从句学习顺口溜
学习宾从三注意，时态语序引导词：时态主从要呼应, 语序要用陈述句，
That连接陈述句，省与不省没关系；从句若表“是否”时，if/whether 均可以，
特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词；三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。
同步练习：
( )1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me
where you buy it B.where do you buy it C.where you bought it D.where did you buy it
( )2---Excuse me. Could you tell me I can get to the Space Museum
---Of course. You can take bus No. 1.
where B.how C.if D.why
( )3---Do you know the new mobile phone last week -
----Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.
how much she paid for B.how much will she pay for C.how much did she pay for
( )4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life. And that’s he succeeds.
A.what B.when C.why D.where
( )5---Do you know the girl in red is ---I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher.
when B.how C.where D.what
( )6. I want to know .
when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airport
C.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at
( )7. ---Would you please tell me ---At 10:00 this evening.
when will the train leave B.when the train will leave C.when does the train leave
( )8. ---Could you tell me ---Fill in this form and I will give you a card.
how I can meet Cathy B.where I can meet Cathy C.when I can meet Cathy
( )9. I hear you’ve got a new pen pal. I wonder .
where does she live B.where she is studying C.where will she work
( )10. ---Do you know the man under the tree ---Sorry, I don’t know .
how is he B.what is he C.who he is D.where he is
把下列句子合并为一句
I want to know. Have they finished their homework
I am sure. He will like the new bike.
What will we do next I want to know.