2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案动词的时态

十二 动词的时态
考点一：一般现在时
结构
①be 型：
肯定句式：主语+am/is/are+其他 He is a doctor.
否定句式：主语+am/is/are+not+其他 He isn’t a doctor.
一般疑问句式：Am/Is/Are+主语+其他 Is he a doctor
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+am/is/are. Yes, he is.
否定回答：No, 主语+am/is/are+not. No, he isn’t.
②do型：
肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词单三形式+其他 She likes playing the piano.
否定句式: 主语+don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 She doesn’t like playing the piano.
一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他？ Does she like playing the piano
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do/does. Yes, she does.
否定回答：No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t. No, she doesn’t.
动词单三形式变化规则
（1）一般情况词尾直接加-s like--likes get--gets look--looks
（2）以字母 s，x，sh，ch，o 结尾的动词加-es fix--fixes watch--watches go--goes
（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加 es study--studies fly--flies
（4）特殊情况 be--is have--has
用法
①表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。
He often goes swimming in summer.
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.
②表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
My sister is always ready to help others .
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
③表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
④表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来, 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive等词。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
He comes back tonight.
⑤在由if, unless, as soon as, when, once等引导的条件和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。
I'll tell him the news when he comes back.
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
标志词
①频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly
②频率词组：once a year, twice a month, three times a day等
③其他词组：in the morning, on Sundays, at weekends, every day/year...(every系列)
同步练习
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
wash--_______ match--________ study--_______ finish--_______ go--_______ fly--________
carry--_______ drive--_________ have--_______ teach--________ put--_______ do--________
play--________begin--_________ take--________run--________ stay--________see--________
二、单项选择
( )1. There ______an English film at the cinema now.
A.is B.are C.am D.be
( )2. The picture ______ nice.
A. look B. looks C. looked D. be look
( )3. He sits down and soon_____asleep.
A. fall B. falling C. falled D. falls
( )4. I______up at six but Mike _____up at seven.
A.get; gets B.get; get C.gets; get D.getting; to get
( )5. My father ______for eight hours every day.
A.working B.works C.work D.to work
( )6. Uncle Wang never______English, because he ______know how to say it.
A.speak,doesn’t B.speak,don’t C.speaks,don’t D.speaks,doesn’t
( )7. On Sunday my daughter______watching TV and my son ____to play football with his friends.
A.like,want B.likes,want C.like,wants D.likes,wants
( )8. Su Yang usually______some clothes on Sunday.
A.washed B.washs C.washes D.washing
( )9.Jenny! Do you know that one-third of the boys in our class ______ the singer Zhang Shaohan
A. like B. likes C. liking
( )10. The sense of happiness will increase if you_____ what you like to do.
A. do B. did C. will do
( )11. Betty will ring me up when she ______ in Beijing.
A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive
( )12. Now my father ______ his bike to work every day instead of driving.
ride B. rode C. rides D. will ride
( )13. This girl is ready to help people any time. When she is on the bus,she always______her seat to someone in need.
A. gives B. give C. gave D. giving
三、用所给词的正确形式填空
1. We often ___________(not play) on the playground.
2. ________ you________ (brush) your teeth every day
3. How many lessons _______ your classmate ________ (have) on Sunday
4. It________(take) me two hours to finish my homework every day.
5. The child often_________(watch) TV in the evening.
6. What ________ (do) he usually________ (do) after school
7. John ________ (study) Math , Chinese ,English ,Science and Art at school.
8. Mr. Wang often________(go) to Shanghai.
考点二：一般过去时
结构
①be 型：
肯定句式：主语+was/were+其他 Her sister was in yesterday.
否定句式：主语+was/were+not+其他 Her sister wasn’t in yesterday.
一般疑问句式：Was/Were+主语+其他 Was her sister in yesterday
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. Yes, she was.
否定回答：No, 主语+was/were+not. No, she wasn’t.
②do型：
肯定句式: 主语+动词的过去式+其他 Bob wanted to go to Shanghai last year.
否定句式: 主语+didn't +动词原形+其他 Bob didn’t want to go to Shanghai last year.
一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他？Did Bob want to go to Shanghai last year
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did. Yes, he did.
否定回答：No, 主语+didn’t. No, he didn’t.
动词的过去式变化规则
（1）一般情况在词尾直接+ed play--played offer--offered
（2）以e 结尾的动词直接+d taste-- tasted like--liked
（3）以辅音字母+y结尾，变 y 为 i 再+ed study--studied supply--supplied
（4）末尾三个字母以“辅+元+辅”且为重读闭音节， 双写末尾辅音再+ed stop--stopped plan--planned regret--regretted
（5）不规则动词 am/is--was are--were do--did
用法
①表示过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
Where did you go just now
After a few years, she started to play the piano.
②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与频度副词连用。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
标志词
①ago词组 ②yesterday及yesterday词组 ③last词组
④just now, in the past, in 1920, this morning等
⑤one day, long long ago, once upon a time, used to...
同步练习
一、写出下列动词的过去式
dream--________like--________study--________stop--________do--___________see--___________ say--_________give--_________get--__________go--_________come--__________have/has--______ eat--_________take--__________run--_________sing--_________put--__________write--_________ speak--________ ride--________swim--________ sit--________ spend--________ drink--________ sleep--________sleep--________stand--_________ read--________ fly--__________ meet--_________
用所给单词正确形式填空
We ________(enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.
Jack ________(study) for the English test just now.
________you (go) to the Great Wall last year
The old man __ (be)ill and went to see a doctor.
— How (be) the students — They were very friendly.
My mother (not do) housework yesterday.
— ________ he________ (have) lunch at nine — No, he didn’t.
They ________ (buy) a guitar yesterday.
Once upon a time, a prince ________(save) a beautiful princess bravely.
What _______（do）you do in 2021
单项选择
( )1. Lee his mobile phone at home.
A. leave B. leaves C. leaved D. left
( )2. he a good rest No, he didn’t.
Do, had B. Did, have C. Did, had D. Was, had
( )3. Mr. Black was late because he his way.
A. losted B. lose C. loses D. lost
( )4. When Lee school this morning
A. did, got to B. did, get to C. did, get D. did, got
( )5. Will you please say it again I quite you.
A. didn’t, hear B. don’t, heard C. didn’t, heard D. don’t, hear
( )6.What did you see
A. now B. every day C. these days D. just now
( )7.He went into the room and the door.
A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked
( )8. —What you last week —I bought a bag.
A. did ,buy B. did , bought C. do, buy D. do, bought
( )9.—Did the thieves into the car —No, they .
A. fell, didn’t B. fall(落下), did C. jump（跳）, didn’t D. jump, did
( )10. she this dictionary in the bookshop nearby last week
A. Did, buy B. Does, buy C. Did, bought D. Does, buys
考点三：一般将来时
结构
①will 型：
肯定句式：主语+will+动词原形+其他 I will be free this evening.
否定句式：主语+will+not+动词原形+其他 I won’t be free this evening.
一般疑问句式：Will+主语+动词原形+其他 Will you be free this evening
在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll，will not常简缩为won’t。
在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。
例如：Shall we go to the zoo
②be going to型：
肯定句式：主语+be(am/is/are) going to +动词原形+其他 It’s going to rain soon.
否定句式：主语+be(am/is/are) not going to +动词原形+其他 It’s not going to rain soon.
一般疑问句式：Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他 Is it going to rain soon
肯定回答：Yes,主语+be(am/is/are) Yes, it is.
否定回答：No,主语+be(am/is/are) not No, it isn’t.
用法
①表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
They will come to our city to hold a concert.
②表示某种必然的趋势。
Fish will die without water. 鱼没有水就会死。
③“be going to +动词原形” 表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
④ “be doing” 表示将来，常用这种结构的动词有：go, come, leave, stay, start, begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。
Look, the bus is coming. 看，公交车就要来了。
⑤ “be to do” 和 “be about to do” 表示即将发生的动作。
The meeting is about to begin. 会议就要开始了。
标志词
①tomorrow, soon, tonight ②next week/month...(next系列)
③in a week, in +未来年份, in+一段时间 ④one day, in the future
注意
★在if, when, as soon as, until等引导的状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，即主将从现。
If you work hard, you'll success.
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai.
★There be句型的一般将来时是There will be 或者There is/are going to be.
There will be a football match next Wednesday.
同步练习
单项选择
( )1. --Did you call Jenny --Oh no, I forgot. I _____her right away.
called B. have called C. call D. will call
( )2. In the near future, there _____self-driving cars in our city.
is B. was C. are D. will be
( )3. There _____ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
will be going to B. will going to be C.is going to be D. will go to be
( )4. We _____ have a picnic together with our teachers next Thursday.
are going B. are going to C. will going D. may going to
( )5. Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He _____ a speech there in two days.
gives B. gave C. will give D. has given
( )6. --What is your plan for next weekend, Lingling --I ____to the museum to work as a volunteer.
go B. went C. have gone D. will go
( )7. Mike _____ here next month.
isn’t work B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
( )8. _____you _____ free next Monday
Are, be B. Will, be C. Do, be D. Will, are
( )9.Why not come over at weekend My family _____seeing you again.
enjoyed B. would enjoy C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed
( )10. --Let’s go fishing if it _____this weekend. --But nobody knows if it _____.
is fine; will rain B. will be fine; rains C. will be fine; will rain D. is fine; rains
用所给词的适当形式填空
I promise I __________(send) you an e-mail to explain all of these tomorrow.
If I’m free tomorrow afternoon, I __________(visit) the city museum with my brother.
If it _________(rain) tomorrow, we’ll stay at home and read books.
Mike ____________ (believe, not) this until he sees it with his own eyes.
We __________(finish, not) this task without your help.
--The Dragon Boat Festival is coming. What are you going to do that day
--I ____________(visit) my grandparents in my home village.
I am afraid there __________ (be) a meeting this afternoon. I can't join you.
考点四：现在进行时
结构
am/is/are+动词的现在分词（V-ing）
动词的现在分词变化规则
（1）一般情况下在动词词尾+ing wash—washing
以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e，再+ ing make—making
（3）末尾三个字母以“辅+元+辅”且为重读闭音节， 双写末尾辅音，再+ ing swim—swimming run---running
（4）特殊情况 die---dying lie---lying
用法
①表示此时此刻正在发生或进行的动作。
Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
He is thinking about this problem these days.
③表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
④go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词用现在进行时表将来。
I'm leaving tonight. I have got my plane ticket.
3. 标志词 look, listen, now等
4. 注意：下列动词一般不用于现在进行时的句子中：
①表示感觉的动词，如：see，hear等。
②表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如：like，love，hate等。
③表示希望的动词，如：hope，wish等。
④表示归属的动词，如：have等。
⑤表示状态的动词，如：be等。
⑥表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词，如：know，forget， understand 等。
同步练习
一、写出下列动词的现在分词
move--_________ skate--_________ tell--_________ ring--_________ wear--_________
get--___________ put--__________ hit--__________ stop--_________ keep--________
lie--___________ die--__________ begin--________ save--_________ teach--________
read--_________ write--_________ dance--________ run--__________ control--_______
单项选择
( )1. Tom ______ an English class now.
A. is having B. has C. having D. have
( )2. Are you playing basketball No, we ________ .
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. not D. don’t
( )3. Listen！Kate_____now, she always_____ .
sings, is singing B. is singing, sing C. sang,singing D. is singing, sings
( )4. Don’t disturb Allen now. He _______ for the Spelling Bee competition.
prepares B. prepared C. is preparing D. will prepare
( )5. Look, Liu Mei ______ a book under the tree.
is finding B. is looking C. reading D. is reading
( )6. What _____ you doing I________ football.
is,am playing B. are,playing C. is,are playing D. are,am playing
( )7. I can’t hear you. I _____to an English speech.
am listening B. was listening C. listen D. listened
( )8. --Paul, I’m busy cooking. Can you give me a hand --Just a minute. I _____my e-mail.
am checking B. will check C. have checked D. was checking
三、用所给词的正确形式填空
1. It _____________ (rain) heavily outside now. You must stay at home.
2. Don’t sing. The baby_____________ (sleep).
3. They ____________ (not ,water) the flowers now.
4. Look! The girls ____________ (dance )in the classroom .
5. What is our granddaughter doing She _____________ (listen ) to music.
6. Helen _____________(wash )clothes Yes ,she is.
考点五：过去进行时
结构
was/were+动词的现在分词(V-ing)
用法
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作.
My family were watching TV at that time yesterday.
标志词
at this time yesterday, at that time, at 7:00 yesterday, from seven to nine last night等。
注意
①以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。即 A was/were doing when B did.
When he called me , I was having dinner .
②以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当……的时候，同时”。 即 A was/were doing while B was/were doing.
Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .
同步练习
单项选择
( )1. She ______ an English magazine when I came in.
reads B. had read C. will read D. was reading
( )2. We ______ TV from seven to nine last night.
were watching B. will watch C. watched D. watch
( )3. when you _____me last night, I _____the piano.
were calling; was playing B. were calling; played C. called; played D. called; was playing
( )4. --I saw the light of your room was still on at two o’clock last night.
--Oh, I ______ a football match of the Russia World Cup.
watched B. was watched C. am watching D. was watching
( )5. Sam _____to the radio while his mother was washing clothes in the yard.
listen B. listened C. is listening D. was listening
( )6. --I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
－Oh, I’m sorry I ______ dinner at my friend’ s home．
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
( )7. She asked him whether he _______ back for lunch．
A. come B. was coming C. came D. had come
( )8. Nobody noticed what she _______ at the moment．
A. will do B. was doing C. has done D. had done
( )9. My mother ______ while my father ______ TV．
A. cooked; was watching B. was cooking; was watching
C. was cooked; watched D. cooked; watched
( )10. Was it raining hard when you ______ this morning
left B. leaves C. was leaving D. would leave
考点六：现在完成时
结构
肯定句式：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 I have already finished my homework.
否定句式：主语+have/has+not动词的过去分词+其他 I haven’t finished my homework yet.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？ Have you finished your homework yet
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. Yes, I have.
否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t / hasn’t. No, I haven’t.
用法
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
I have already read this book.
②表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成或可能持续下去。
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
③表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。
e.g. This is my first time that I have visited China.
　 This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
　 That is the only book that he has written.
④It is/has been+一段时间+since+从句（一般过去时）
It is / has been ten years since he was a doctor. 他当医生已经十年了。
标志词
①already(肯定句), yet(否定句或疑问句), ever, never, just, before等
②recently, lately, so far, in the past few years, up to now, till now等
③for+时间段, since+过去的时间点, since+一般过去时的句子
④次数(once, twice, three times, several times...)
注意
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。
have/ has gone to 已去某地（未回）
have/ has been to 去过某地（已回）
have/ has been in 仍在某地
e.g. She has gone to Shanghai, so you can’t find her here.她去了上海，所以在这你找不到她。
She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。
★现在完成时瞬间动词即非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，要转化为延续性动词。
常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的对应关系如下:
come / go / arrive / get to / reach / move--- be in/at become ---be begin / start ---- be on
borrow --- keep buy --- have return --- be back die --- be dead
put on --- wear open --- be open close --- be closed fall asleep --- be asleep leave --- be away (from) end/finish ----- be over get married --- be married
catch a cold --- have a cold join --- be in/ be a member of
例：吉姆买这支笔已有两年了。
Jim bought this pen two years ago.
Jim has had this pen for two years.
Jim has had this pen since two years ago.
同步练习
一、单项选择
( )1.How long have you _____ here
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
( )2. My grandpa died ______ .
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
( )3. Jane has _______ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
( )4. It is ten years ______ I last saw her.
after B. since C. for D. that
( )5. --Who will go to the station to meet Lorry --I will. I ____her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
( )6. --What a nice dress! How long_____you_____ it --Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
( )7.--Do you know Lydia very well --Yes, She and I ______ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
( )8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
( )9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black
-- Sorry. He____ the BaiNiao Park.
has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
( )10. -- ______you ever ______ to the US -- Yes, twice.
Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
( )11.In the past few years there _____great changes in my hometown.
had been B. have been C. were D. are
( )12. The movie _____for about 5 minutes, so let’s see the next one.
has been on B. has started C. started D. began
( )13.Lei Feng _____for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.
died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.She’s ________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them __________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3. Half an hour _________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
4. Mary________ (lose) her pen. ________you_________ (see) it here and there
5. ---Are you thirsty ---No I ________ just ________ (have) some orange.
6. I _____________ (not finish) my homework . Can you help me
过去完成时
结构
had＋动词的过去分词
用法
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
②表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。
When Mary arrived, she learned Jack had been away for an hour.
③表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。
标志词
①by+过去的时间点 ②by the end of +过去的时间 ③用在宾从、状从中
同步练习
( )1. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie _____for ten minutes.
A.has been on B. had been on C. had stopped D. had begun
( )2. By the time I locked the door, I realized I _____ my keys at home.
A.had left B. have left C. has left D. will leave
( )3. Simon_____the piano for ages before he gave his first concert.
A.played B.plays C. had played D. is playing
( )4. Tom said he _____ the book twice.
reads B. has read C.read D. had read
5.When I ________ (arrive) at the station, he ___________(leave).
过去将来时
结构
①would+动词原形 ②was/were going to+动词原形
用法
表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。
He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.
他说他会在九点之前完成工作。
When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be .
当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。
She said she was going to see me the next day.
她说她第二天将会来看我。
同步练习
He asked me when he ____________(see) me again.
I told Laura I ______________(go) home the following weekend.
They were going to _______(start) a new job when I saw them then.