2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案动词及动词短语

九 常考动词短语
get 短语：
get away from 远离 2. get off 下车
get over 克服 4. get to 到达
5. get along/ on with ... 与...相处
6. get ready for 为...做准备
7. get used to 习惯于
come 短语
1. come across 偶然遇见
2. come back 回来 3. come from 来自
4. come on 快点；加油 5. come out 出版 6. come over 来访 7. come true 实现
8. come up with 提出；想出
9. come along 出现
give 短语：
1. give away 赠送；捐赠
2. give back 归还
3. give in 投降；屈服 4. give off 发出
5. give out 分发 6. give up 放弃
go 短语
go away 走开；离开 2. go back 回到
3. go by 流逝 4. go on 继续
5. go off (闹钟)发出响声；爆炸
6. go over 复习 7. go through 穿过（空间）
look 短语：
1. look after 照顾 2. look at 看
3. look for 寻找 4. look into 调查
5. look like 看起来像 6. look out 小心
7. look over 检查 8. look through 浏览 9. look up 查阅；抬头看
10. look around 环顾
make 短语
1. make faces 做鬼脸
2. make friends 交朋友 3. make sure 确保
4. make up 编造；化妆；组成
5. make a decision/make decisions 做决定
6. make a difference 有影响
7. make a mistake/ make mistakes 犯错
8. make an effort 作出努力
put 短语：
1. put away 放好；收起来 2. put down 放下 3. put off 推迟 4. put out 扑灭
5. put on 增加（体重）；穿上
6. put up 张贴；搭起
7. put up with 容忍
take短语
1. take off 脱下；起飞
2. take action 采取行动 3. take away 拿走
4. take in 吸入 5. take out 带出
6. take place 发生 7. take up 占据
8. take part in 参加 9. take care of 照顾
turn短语：
1. turn off 关掉 2. turn on 打开
3. turn up 开大（音量）
4. turn down 关小（音量） 5. turn in 上交 6. turn into 变成 7. turn out 结果是
away 短语
1. blow away 吹走 2. throw away 扔掉
3. get away 离开；逃脱 4. move away 搬走
5. pass away 去世 6. run away 逃跑 with 短语
1. agree with 同意
2. begin/start with 以...开始
3. deal with 处理
4. end with 以...结束 5. play with 和...玩耍 6. talk with 与...谈论
7. catch up with 赶上 8. come up with 提出
up 短语：
1. clean up 打扫 2. bring up 提出；培养 3. cheer up 使振奋 4. dress up 打扮
5. eat up 吃光 6. end up 结束
7. fix up 修理 8. hurry up 快点
9. look up 查字典 10. set up 建立；创立 11. show up 出现 12. stay up 熬夜
13. use up 用完 14. wake up 醒来
out 短语
1. break out 爆发 2. bring out 使显现 3. carry out 执行 4. come out 出现；出版 5. cut out 切断；删除 6. find out 查明
7. hand out 分发 8. point out 指出
9. put out 扑灭 10. sell out 卖完 11. set out 出发 12. work out 算出；解决
13. look out 小心 14. run out 用光
off 短语：
1. break off 中断 2. get off 下车
3. give off 发出；放出
4. pay off 偿清欠款 5. put off 推迟
6. run off 逃跑 7. set off 出发；动身
8. show off 炫耀
down 短语
1. break down 出故障 2. cut down 砍倒 3. fall down 倒塌；摔倒
4. lie down 躺下 5. get down 下来 6. go down 下降 7. pull down 拆下；摧毁 8. slow down 减速 9.take down 拆卸；
10. write down 写下
动词后+to do
1. agree to do同意去做；
2. afford to do买得起；
3. decide to do决定去做某事；
4. hope to do希望去做
5. wish to do希望去做；
6. fail to do做某事失败
7. plan to do计划去做；
8. refuse to do拒绝去做；
9. would like to do想要去做；
10. want to do想要去做某事；
11. learn to do 学做；
12. prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事；
13. expect to do 期待做某事
13. sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；
14. used to do sth. 过去常做某事
15.can’t wait to do 迫不及待做…
16. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事
17. ask sb. (not) to do sth.
要求某人做（不要）某事
18. tell sb. (not) to do sth.
告诉某人做（不要）做某事
19. warn sb. (not) to do sth.
警告某人做（不要）做某事
20. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
21. be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事
22. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇
23. get/have a chance to do sth.
得到一个做某事的机会
24. It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.
It’s +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.
做某事（对某人来说）怎么样
25. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
花费某人多长时间做某事
26. It’s time for sb. to do sth.
是某人做某事的时候了
27. too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能…… =not… enough to do
28. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿……而不愿……
29. have nothing/ something to do
无事/ 有一些事做
30. it is +adj to do 做某事很....
31. It's one's turn to do 轮到某人做某事
32. try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 33. have to do 不得不做
34. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
35. encourage sb to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
36. 主+ find/ think it +adj to do sth.
37. be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
38. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
39. 人+need to do sth. 需要做某事
后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况
1. finish doing sth. 完成做某事；
2.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；
3.practice doing sth. 练习做某事；
4. continue doing sth.= go on doing sth.
= keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
5.mind doing sth. 介意做某事；
6. keep doing sth. 一直做某事
7.feel like doing sth. 想要做某事；
8. be busy doing sth .忙于做某事；
9. be worth doing 值得做某事；
10.spend time (in) doing sth.
花费时间（金钱）做…
11. have difficulty/trouble in doing sth
做某事有困难
12.have fun doing 做某事高兴
13.be good at doing sth.=do well in doing sth.
擅长做某事
14. thank you for doing sth. 为某事感谢
15. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
16.stop / keep/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
17. be interested in doing sth. 对做...感兴趣
18. look forward to doing sth 期望做某事；
19. prefer doing sth. to doing sth
喜欢做...胜于做...
20. pay attention to doing 注意做某事
21. be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；
22.have fun/trouble/problems/difficulty (in)doing sth 在...方面有乐趣/麻烦/ 问题/ 困难
23. what about/ how about doing sth.
...怎么样？
24.suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
25. can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
26物+ need doing 需要做
27. avoid doing sth 避免做某事 28.consider doing sth 考虑做某事
后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：
remember to do(记住去做)
remember doing(记得做过)
forget to do(忘记去做)
forget doing(忘记做过)
try to do(设法做)
try doing(试着做)
4. continue/ go on to do(接着做另一事)
continue/ go on doing(继续做同一事)
stop to do(停下来去做)
stop doing(停止做)
regret doing (后悔做某事）
regret to do (遗憾要去做某事）
mean doing (意味着做某事）
mean to do (打算做某事）
后跟动词原形的情况。
see / watch/ hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.
看见/ 观看/ 听见/ 注意/ 感觉某人做过某事
see / watch/ hear / notice / feel sb. doing sth.
看见/ 观看/ 听见/ 注意/ 感觉某人正在做某事
2. Will（Would）you please（not）do sth. ．．．？请做（不要做）某事好吗？
3. had better (not) do sth. 最好做(不要做) 某事
4.Why not do sth. = why don’t you do sth. ．．．？为何不做某事
5. would rather(not) do sth. ...
宁可(不)；宁愿(不). 此句型也可以扩展成：
would rather do sth. ..than do sth. ...
=would do sth. ..rather than do sth. ..
let / make/ have sb do sth.
使/ 让某人做某事
7. 情态动词+do sth.
8. help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事
过去分词作补足语情况：
1. make sb/sth done 使某人被…./使某事被... 如： make you seen 使你被看见
2. have sth done让/使…被….
如：have my car repaired 让我的汽车被修理
keep sth. done 使某物保持某种状态
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中考词形不规则变化汇总
一、AAA型(原形→原形→原形)
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
cut cut cut 切，割
cost cost cost 花费
hit hit hit 撞，击
hurt hurt hurt 伤害
let let let 让
put put put 放
read read read 读
set set set 安排
二、ABA型(原形→过去式→原形)
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
become became become 成为
come came come 来
run ran run 跑
三、ABC型
1．原形→ew→own
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
blow blew blown 吹
fly flew flown 飞
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
2.j→a→u
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
kegin kegan kegun 开始
drink drank drunk 喝
ring rang rung 打电话
sing sang sung 唱
swim swam swum 游泳
3.原形→过去式→过去式＋(e)n
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
choose chose chosen 选择
freeze froze frozen 冻
speak spoke spoken 说
4.原形→过去式→原形＋(e)n
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 吃下
give gave given 给
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
draw drew drawn 画
take took taken 拿
hide hid hidden 躲藏
5.无规律
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
am/is was been 是
are were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 走
四、ABB型
1．原形→ought→ought
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 打架
think thought thought 思考
2.原形→aught→aught
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
catch caught caught 捉，抓
teach taught taught 教
3.原形→t→t
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
feel felt felt 感到
keep kept kept 保持
leave left left 离开
sleep slept slept 睡
sweep swept swept 扫
deal dealt dealt 处理
mean meant meant 意思
4.变其中一个辅音字母
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
build built built 建造
hear heard heard 听见
make made made 制造
send sent sent 送，寄
spend spent spent 花费
5.辅音字母和元音字母都变
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
have had had 有
lay laid laid 放
lose lost lost 丢失
pay paid paid 付钱
say said said 说
sell sold sold 卖
stand stood stood 站
tell told told 告诉
6.变其中一个元音字母
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
babysit babysat babysat 照看
feed fed fed 喂
find found found 发现
get got got(gotten) 得到
hold held held 举行
meet met met 遇见
sit sat sat 坐
win won won 赢
五、AAB型
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
beat beat beaten 打败
forget forgot forgotten 忘记