2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案非谓语动词

十 非谓语动词
考点一：动词不定时
功能 例句
作主语 It is difficult to breathe on a planet that has much thinner air than that on the Earth.
作表语 A good way to train the brain is to do some math exercises every day.
作宾语 Every child wants to be the pride of their parents.
作宾语补足语 The teacher advised the couple to talk with their son in person.
作定语 I don't have a partner to practice English with.
目的状语 He also goes on the Internet to check the times of trains, make travel plans, and buy tickets.
结果状语 I hurried to go to school only to find that it was Saturday.
原因状语 Ben was so excited to know that he won the first place in the exam.
2. 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词/词组
decide决定 would like想要 afford负担得起　　 agree同意　　　begin开始
choose选择 continue继续 dare敢 expect期望 fail失败
forget忘记 learn 学习 like喜欢 manage设法 need需要
plan计划 prefer更喜欢 prepare准备 pretend假装 promise 承诺
try尽力 want想要 wish/hope希望
3. 常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词
advise建议 allow允许 ask要求
expect期望 force 强迫 help帮助
invite邀请 teach教 tell告诉
want想要 warn警告 wish希望
*在一些使役动词和感官动词后， 要把不定式结构中的to省略，但在变为被动语态时，要把省略的to加上。常用的有：
四看：watch, see, look at, notice 三使：let, make， have
二听：listen to, hear 一感觉：feel
4. 动词不定式的固定句型
①too...to... 表示“太……而不能……”。
②...enough to...表示“……足够……”。
③prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
④It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”
⑤It is＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对于某人来说是……的/(某人能)做某事真是太……”
⑥Why not ＋省略to的不定式
⑦had better＋(not＋)省略to的不定式。
5. 疑问词＋动词不定式
动词不定式可以和疑问代词who, what，which及疑问副词when, how, where连用构成不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：
What to do is an important question. 做什么是一个很重要的问题。(作主语)
同步练习：
( )1.Reading is a good way ________ the world.
A. for know B. for knows C. to know D. to knows
( )2.We are supposed ________ some housework with our parents when we have free time.
A. to share B. sharing C. shared D. share
( )3.My two cousins decide ___________ a business together.
A. to start B. starting C. start D. started
( )4.We'll do what we can________ the sick man.
A. to help B. help C. helps D. helped
( )5.The government plans __________a new school in the village. Many kids would have a chance to go to school.
A. to build B. build C. building D. built
考点二：动名词
功能 例句 说明
作主语 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实 谓语动词用单数
作表语 Her hobby is planting different kinds of flowers.＝Planting different kinds of flowers is her hobby. 她的爱好是种植各种各样的花 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语
作宾语 I will finish reading the book and give a report next Monday 表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性动作
作定语 Our country is a developing country. 只表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于被修饰词之前
2. 常接动名词作宾语的动词/词组/句型
look forward to 期待 talk about谈论 avoid避免　　
admit 承认　　 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢
finish完成 imagine 想象 keep坚持
mind介意 practice练习 suggest建议
be busy 忙于…… be worth 值得 keep/go on继续
succeed in成功 be/get used to习惯于
can't/couldn't stand 不能忍受 can't/couldn't help情不自禁
have fun/trouble/problems/difficulty (in)．.. ……有乐趣/麻烦/问题/困难
同步练习：
( )1.We can overcome all the difficulties by __________ together.
A. work B. works C. working D. worked
( )2.I look forward________ you soon.
A. see B. seeing C. to see D. to seeing
( )3.The fridge doesn't work. Why not consider________ a new one
A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying
( )4.We talked about________ new words.
A. learn B. learned C. learning D. to learn
考点三：过去分词
功能 例句
作表语 No wonder he was excited. 难怪他很兴奋
作定语 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩
作补足语 I had my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我让人修理了我的电脑
作状语 Discussed many times, the problems were solved at last. 经过多次讨论，问题终于解决了。
2. 过去分词作补足语的常见搭配
keep sth. done 使某物保持某种状态
have sth. done 使某事被(人)做
make sb./sth. done 使某人被……/使某事被做
同步练习：
( )1._______ with my father's handwriting, mine is poor.
A. Compare B. Compared
C. Comparing D. Compares
( )2.________in deep thought, she didn't hear the sound outside.
A. Lose B. Losing C. Lost D. To lose