2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案句子的种类

十六 句子的种类
考点一、疑问句
1.一般疑问句
指能用yes或no来回答的句子。如：Do you like apples
2.选择疑问句
供选择的部分用or连接。回答时不用yes或no, 而是根据具体情况直接作出回答，如：
--Would you like tea or coffee --- Coffee, please.
3.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是“疑问词十一般疑问句”结构。
what colour 问颜色；how old问年龄；how often 问频率；how far问距离，How far is it from A to B
how much问价格或数量；how many 问可数名词的数量（基数词）；
how long问时间段或物体长度，对“for十时间段”进行提问；how soon对“in十时间段”进行提问。
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句由“陈述句十简短附加问句”组成，两部分的人称和时态要一致，且遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。
反意疑问句的回答根据事实，不应受汉语的干扰，建议答题时先按照实际情况写后面的答语，再根据前后一致原则写Yes/No。
如：You didn't come here last week, did you 你上星期没来，是不是
No, I didn't. /Yes, I did.是的，我没有来。／不，我来了。
常见的特殊反意疑问句：
①如果陈述部分有 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, nobody, nothing 等表示否定含义的词，附加疑问部分一般要用肯定式。如：We can hardly understand her words, can we
②陈述部分有un-,in-,dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时，仍作肯定句，附加疑问部分用否定形式。如：She is unhappy today, isn't she 她今天不高兴，不是吗？
③陈述部分如果是祈使句的常用will you, 但以let's开头的祈使句用shall we。
如：Pass me the ruler, will you 递给我那把尺子，好吗？
Let’s go to the park, shall we
④陈述部分为there be句型时，此时附加问句的谓语用和陈述部分对应的助动词，there不变。
如：－There used to be a house there, didn't there 那里过去有一座房子，是吗？
⑤当陈述部分为“I am...”时，附加问句部分用aren't I.
⑥当陈述部分主语为 everybody, everyone, nobody, no one, someone, somebody等指人的不定代词时，附加问句的主语通常用they或he. 如： Everyone knows that,don't they
⑦当陈述部分主语为 everything, something, nothing等指物的不定代词时，附加问句的主语通常用it. 如： Everything is ready, isn't it 万事俱备，不是吗？
⑧当陈述部分为复合句时，附加部分要根据主句的主谓形式来确定。当主句的主语为第一人称I时，其谓语动词又是 think,believe,suppose,guess,imagine等时，反意从句，如：
I believe that it was a mistake,wasn't it 我认为这是一个错误，难道不是吗？
同步练习：
( )1.—_______is it from Lanzhou to Lhasa？—It's about 2，160 kilometers.
A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How many
( )2.________ pencil is this， Tom's or Henry's？
A. What　　　 B. When C. Who D. Whose
( )3.—________ does Bob usually go to work？—He usually rides his bike.
A. What B. Who C. Where D. How
( )4.—_______times have you visited Gansu Science Museum？—Only once.
A. How often B. How many C. How long D. How soon
考点二、祈使句
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。在祈使句中,通常省略第二人称主语you。肯定式以动词原形开头,否定式在动词原形前加don’t。
形式 结构 例句
肯定形式 （Please＋）动词原形＋其他 Please listen to me carefully！
Do＋动词原形（加强语气，表“务必，一定”）＋其他！ Do come on time！
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他！ Let's have a rest！
Be＋表语（＋其他） Be quiet！
否定形式 Don't＋动词原形＋其他 Please don't throw the rubbish everywhere.
No＋名词/动名词！ No photos！
Don't let ＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他. ＝Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他 Don't let Mary come here.＝Let Mary not come here.
祈使句的应答语。回答祈使句时要用一般将来时。如：
---Please remember to take the dog out for a walk every day. －Yes, I will.
－Don't take your mobile phone to school. ---Sorry, I won't.
“祈使句＋and/or+结果状语从句”结构。如：Hurry up，or you'll be late for class.
同步练习：
( )1.Boys and girls，_______ learning and have fun！
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
2.公共场合禁止吸烟。 _______ _________ in public areas.
( )3.Please _________ me an email before you come here， and I'll meet you at the train station.
A. send B. sending C. to send D. sent
( )4. —________ photos here， sir！ The bright light will do harm to the paintings.
—Sorry， I won't do that again.
Take B. To take C. Don't take D. Taking
考点三、感叹句
感叹句用来表达说话人惊讶，强烈感彩的句子，一般用how,what加被强调的词。
what引导的感叹句：what 在感叹句中修饰名词，其常见句式如下：
①What+a/an+形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！如：What a good person he is!
②What+形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！如：What lovely boys they are!
③What+形容词＋不可数名词＋主语十谓语！如：What nice music it is!
how引导的感叹句 how是副词，在感叹句中作状语，修饰形容词、副词和动词。
句式为“How+形容词／副词＋主语十谓语！” 如：How beautifully Jane is dancing!
what与how引导的感叹句之间的转换：
How+形容词＋a/an+可数名词单数（十主语十谓语）！ How careful a girl she is!
＝What+a/an+形容词＋可数名词单数（十主语＋谓语）！ =What a careful girl she is!
其他形式的感叹句。如：Wonderful! 棒极了！How time flies! 时光飞逝！
口诀：感叹句，表情感，how与what放句首，名词词组跟what，how与形副紧相连。为使句子更简洁，主谓部分可省略。
同步练习：
( )1.--____ fine weather it is! Let's go for a walk. －Sounds like a great idea.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
( )2.______silly questions the boys asked yesterday! A.What a B. What C. How D. How ( )3.---_____useful advice on English learning Mr. Li gave us!
---I agree. I think we have improved our English with his help.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
( )4.—All of my classmates have passed the PE test. —______ exciting the news is！
How B. What C. What an D. How an
( )5. Look！_______ happily the children are playing over there！
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
考点四、倒装句
倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
1. so引导的倒装句
完全倒装：so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语，意为“……也一样”，上下句中是不同的两个人或物，但具有同样的行为或状况，表示肯定的倒装。如：
Lucy is a good student， and so is Lily. 露西是个好学生，莉莉也是。
【注意】so＋主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词，意为“确实是……”。上下句中是相同的人或物，表示对前面所说的事实加以肯定。如：---He worked very hard.--So he did.的确是这样。
2. neither/nor引导的倒装句
neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语，意为“……也不”，上下句中是不同的两个人或物，他们的行为或状况一样，表示否定的倒装。如：
Mary didn't watch TV last night， and neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没看电视，吉姆也没看。
3. only引导的倒装句
（1）only后跟副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。如：
Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有用这种方法，你才能学好英语。
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有病得很重时，他才卧床休息。
4. 副词引导的倒装句
以here， there， out， in， down， up， away， now， then等副词开头的句子，其倒装形式有两种：（1）副词＋动词＋名词（完全倒装） （2）副词＋代词＋动词（主谓不倒装）
【注意】副词引导的句子的谓语动词的单复数形式由谓语动词后面的名词或前面的代词决定。如：Here is a flower. 这儿有一朵花。 Away went the football fans. 足球迷们走了。
同步练习：
( )1.Only yesterday _______ find out that his purse was lost.
A. he was B. was he C. did he D. he did
( )2.—It's very cold in Shenyang in winter. —_______ here.
So it is B. So is it C. So it does D. So does it
( )3.—Has your mother ever been to London？—Yes， and _______. We went together.
A. so have I B. so I have C. neither have I D. neither I have
( )4.—Would you like to go to the city park？ —I'm not sure. If Mike doesn't，_______.
A. so will I B. so I will C. neither will I D. neither I will
( )5. —Sandy likes English best. She reads the English texts every day.—_______.
So does Jim B. So Jim does C. So Jim is D. So is Jim
考点五、强调句
对谓语动词的强调用助动词do/does或did。如：
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写信了.
强调句句型：陈述句的强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）＋that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）＋ 其他部分。如：
It was Jane that/who I saw in the library this morning. 今天早上我在图书馆看到的是简。
同步练习：
( )1.I _______ you can finish the exam in two hours.
does believe B. do believe C. did believed D. do believed
( )2. It was yesterday _______ he met his old friends.
A. how B. that C. who D. when
( )3.I _______ listening to light music because it makes me feel relaxed.
A. do like B. does like C. did like D. liked