2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案情态动词

十一 情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度、语气。1）有一定的词义；2）不能单独做谓语，必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语；3）没有人称和数的变化。
考点一：基本用法
情态动词的意义：must“_________” ； can/could“_________ ”；may/might“可以”；should“_______”would,will“愿，要”；have to“_______ ” ；need“_______” had better “_____” 。
一、can, could
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）,可用be able to代替。
Can you lift this heavy box （体力）。
Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。
如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
表示请求和允许。如：-----Can I go now ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语。--- Could I come to see you tomorrow --- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true This can’t be done by him.
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。
否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room ---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed!
表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
He may /might be very busy now.
Your mother may /might not know the truth.
三、 must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time.
2) 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t或
don’t have to.（不必）
Must we hand in our exercise books today ---- Yes, you must.
--- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。
must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
四、 shall, should
shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。should 意为“应该”，表示义务、责任，可用于各
种人称。 What shall we do this evening
五、 will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please
2)表示意志、愿望和决心。
I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad.
六、had better
had better"最好"， (常简略为'd better)，是一固定词组，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better后面必须跟动词原形。
肯定为had better do sth. 否定形式为had better not do sth.
同步练习：
( ) 1. John_______ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. may B. can C. has to D. must
( ) 2. They _______ do well in the exam.
A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to
( ) 3. --May I take this book out --No, you_______.
A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't
( ) 4. You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
A. can B. must C. dare D.would
( ) 5. --Can you speak Japanese --No, I____.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
( ) 6. --Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad --Thanks, but you______, I've had enough.
may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't
( ) 7. we _____try our best to fight against pollution.
should B. may C.mustn't D.needn't
( ) 8. ___ I take this one
A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do
( ) 9. The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. Must
( ) 10. You ___ be late for school again next time.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to
考点二：情态动词表推测的用法
must be : 一定是 can’t be ： 不可能是 may/might be： 可能是
同步练习：
( ) 1. -He______ be in the classroom, I think.
-- No, he ______ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.
A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't
( ) 2. Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it ______ be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need
( ) 3. He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.
A. can B. shall C. must D. has to