2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案主谓一致（无答案）

十四 主谓一致
考点一：语法一致原则
语法一致表示谓语动词与主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
谓语动词用单数的情况：
①单数名词、不可数名词、单三人称。
He exercises every day. 他每天锻炼。
②动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句。
To be a pilot is his dream. 当一名飞行员是他的梦想。
③either, neither, each, every或no+单数名词，以及由some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Someone is waiting for you. 有人在等你。
④the number of +可数名词复数+谓单
The number of students in our class is 30.我们班学生的数量是30.
⑤one of +可数名词复数+谓单
One of my favourite films is Cinderella. 我最喜欢的电影之一是灰姑娘。
谓语动词用复数的情况：
①复数名词、复数代词。
They exercise every day. 他们每天锻炼。
②a number of +可数名词复数
A number of birds are on the island. 在岛上有大量的鸟儿。
③both...and...连接两个名词作主语
Both Jack and Henry like reading books. 杰克和亨利都喜欢读书。
特殊情况：
①名词前有分数、百分数、a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of等修饰，谓语动词与名词的数保持一致。
Three fifths of the forest was destroyed. 五分之三的森林被毁坏了。
70 percent of the students are natives. 70％的学生是本地人。
②主语后跟有with, together with, along with, except, but, like, as well as等词时，谓语动词与主语保持一致（靠前原则）。
Susan with her family works on the farm. 苏珊和她的家人在农场上干活。
③名词前有量词pair, kind 等修饰，谓语动词与量词保持一致。
A pair of shoes is under the bed. 床下面有一双鞋。
④主语后有定语从句修饰，谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
The boys who are playing basketball are students. 打篮球的那些男孩都是学生。
同步练习：
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
I like teachers who _________(be) always friendly, helpful and fair to each student.
Both Tony and Lucy ________(be) my best friends. We have a lot in common.
My mother with her friends often ________(go) shopping on weekends.
Everyone ________(have) their own ideas.
Each of the students ________(be) asked to take a dictionary to the English class.
Mike often ________ (live) with his brother.
How old _________ (be) your grandma and grandpa
The number of the forests __________ (fall) by 20percent in the past few years.
10% of the students __________ (go) to school on foot.
A pair of gloves _________ (be) quite enough.
II． 单项选择
( )1. As we all know, using public chopsticks _____necessary when we eat with others.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )2. Peter with his classmates _____ for the bus when the earthquake happened.
A. is waiting B. was waiting C. are waiting D. were waiting
( )3. —The number of tourists ____ over 33 million this year.
一Yes. A large number of tourists ____ so far because of the new look of our city.
A. is;have come B. is;has come C. are;has come D. are;have come
( )4. ______ of the farmland here _____ with rice.
A. Two thirds;is covering B. Two third;is covered
C. Second third;are covering D. Two thirds;is covered
( )5. Everyone except Ted and Jake _____studying for the final test now.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
( )6. Each of these students ______a different habit from each other.
A.have B.having C.had D.has
( )7. To be a good person _____ to have peace of mind and good deeds.
A. is B. are C. being D. to be
( )8. One of famous Chinese actors _____arrested(逮捕) by police last month.
is B. are C. was D.were
考点二：意义一致原则
意义一致就是概念一致，即谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。
1. 表示时间、长度、距离、价格、金钱、重量、数学运算等的词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Two years is a long time. 两年是一段很长的时间。
Two plus three equals five. 2+3=5
集体名词（如people, police, Chinese等）作主语，谓语动词用复数。
The police are running after a thief. 警察们正在追赶一个小偷。
the +姓氏复数（表示“......一家人”或“......夫妇”），the +形容词（表示一类人）作主语， 谓语动词用复数。
The Greens enjoy travelling around the world. 格林夫妇喜欢环游世界。
复数主语+each (each作同位语), 谓语动词用复数。
We each have our own dream. 我们每个人都有自己的梦想。
集体名词（如family, class, group, team等），表示整体概念时谓语动词用单数，表示集体中的成员时谓语动词用复数。
His family is going to move. 他家要搬走了。（强调整体）
My family all like watching TV. 我们全家都喜欢看电视。（强调成员个体）
and 连接的两个并列主语指同一概念（and 后无限定词）时，谓语动词用单数。
The actor and singer was invited to the party. 那位演员兼歌手应邀参加派对。（指同一人）
同步练习：
I．单项选择
( )1. Cindy invited me to her home yesterday. Her family ____very nice and made me feel at home.
is B. was C. are D. were
( )2. Two months _______ a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.
A .am B .is C .are D .will be
( )3.The famous writer and teacher often _______in this park.
A.run B.runs C.ran D.is running
( )4. —The talent show Youth With You(青春有你) is becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class _____interested in it recently.
is B.are C.was D.were
( )5. The old ______ good care of in our country.
is taken B. are taken C. was taken D. were taken
考点三： 就近一致原则
就近一致即谓语动词与离它最近的主语部分保持一致。
either...or...或者......或者...... ；neither...nor...既不......也不......； not only...but (also)...不但......而且......；not...but...不是......而是......；... or ... 或者 连接两个主语时谓语动词就近原则。
Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午要么你要么他得待在家里。
Not only you but also your mother is going there. 不但你，而且你妈妈也要去那儿。
There be 句型和Here be 句型 中的be动词与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
There is a river and two big trees there. 那边有一条河和两棵大树。
同步练习：
( )1.---What’s in the picture on the wall ---There ___some students and a teacher playing soccer on the playground.
A. has B. are C. is D. have
( )2. Not only Jim but also his sister _____a few cities in the south since they came to China.
A. have visited B. has visited C. visited D. visits
( )3. Either the students or the teacher______ him very well.
A. knows B. to know C. know D. knowing
( )4. Neither Tom nor I______ interested in playing WeChat.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
( )5. There are many websites on the Internet and there ____a lot of useful ____ on the websites.
A. are; informations B. are; information C. is; information D. is; informations
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