M2 Unit1 Tales of the unexplained Grammar and usage 现在完成时和进行时

课件24张PPT。About Shenzhou03 神州五号 杨利伟
05 神州六号 费俊龙 聂海胜
08 神州七号 翟志刚 刘伯朋 景海鹏
11 神州八号 unmanned spaceship
12 神州九号 刘洋 景海鹏 刘旺Requirements for astronautsAge (25-35)
Height (1.6-1.72m)
Weight (55-70kg)
Gender
Profession (pilot, 3 different kinds of air conditions)本节课学习重点：
Ⅰ、现在完成时
1.现在完成时的构成和用法
2.现在完成时和一般过去时的比较
Ⅱ、现在完成进行时
1.现在完成进行时的构成和用法
2.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较Grammar and usage
The Present Perfect Tense
基本结构：_____________________
否定式：_______________________
被动式：_______________________
1.现在完成时的结构：have/has donehave/has not donehave/has been done现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的动作，或某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词_______________ ____________________________________等状语连用。 just, already, before, yet, never, ever, lately, recentlyalready:用于肯定句;yet:用于否定句和疑问句2.现在完成时的用法小结1：The police have just finished searching the area.Just表示动作刚结束，常放在have和动词之间迄今为止：______________________________
2. 过去的几年：_____________________________
3.最近： ___________________________________
4.到这个时候：__________________
5.从……以来:____________________
6.for + 一段时间 so far, up till now, up to now, until now….in /during the last/past yearsrecently, lately, these few days….by this time(ever) since翻译下列词组Fill in the blanks:

a. She has learnt English 3 years.
b. She has learnt English 3 years ago.
c. They have lived here _____1990.forsincesince翻译：电影已经开演30分钟了。
The movie has begun for 30 minutes.
The movie has been on for 30 minutes.
2.现在完成时的用法小结2： 一些短暂性动词用于完成时中，一般不和一段时间连用，如：start, begin, disappear, buy, arrive, reach, join, fall, come, go, leave，die, come back,go to see等。他的祖父已经去世三年了
His grandpa has died for 3 years.
His grandpa has been dead for 3 years.
他们回来已经有两天了。
They have come back for two days.
They have been back for two days.现在完成时可指过去发生过一次或多次的情况，常和次数连用。也可以说是一种经历。2.I （not see）
anything so beautiful in my life.haven’t seen2.现在完成时的用法小结3：1.Some villagers say that they ______________(see) UFOs many times.have seen与现在完成时有关的句型:
1)This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that-clause
This is the first time that I _________ (see) pandas.
2 )This (That/It) is the only time … + that-clause
It is the only time that I_____________ (travel )abroad.
3)This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting … +
that-clause.
It is the most delicious food that I ___________(taste)have seenhave traveledhave tasted2.现在完成时的用法小结4：It was the most delicious food that I ____________(taste)had tasted2.现在完成时的用法小结5： 在until, after, as soon as, if 等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，强调动作的完成,表示将来时。Don’t get off the bus until it ___________. (stop)has stoppedThe plane has arrived .
The plane arrived a quarter ago.
1、时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过时态，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。
2、用法上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，是过去的事实，和现在没有关系现在完成时和一般现在时的区别I have taught here for fifteen years.
（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year.
（曾在这儿教过，但现在不在这儿任教了）He works in a hospital now, but he ____________(work) in a factory for 20 years.worked比较以下例句例一：
Tom has had a bad car crash.
Tom had a bad car crash.例二：
He has smoked for 6 months.
He smoked for 6 months.现在完成进行时的构成：
have/has been doing一、现在完成进行时的用法：用法1：现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能持续下去.用法2:现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到说话时刚结束。Kelly: Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?
Mavis: Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour.I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.Tom __________ (read) a book about Stonehenge.
(She finished reading the book.)
Tom ________________ (read) a book about Stonehenge.
(She is still reading the book.)
has read has been reading二、现在完成进行时和现在完成时区别 区别一：现在完成时表示动作结束的事实；完成进行时表示动作的持续。 区别二：现在完成时常和次数连用；完成进行时常和持续性时间状语连用。I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months. 区别三：现在完成时常用how many /how much提问；完成进行时常用how long提问。How many times have you swum in the lake?How long have you been swimming in the lake?Who has been eating my apples?
Who has eaten my apples?（带有厌恶，反感的感彩）（不带有感彩，只是陈述某事情） 区别四：现在完成进行时常带有一定的感彩。Someone has phoned you.
Someone has been phoning you.有人给你打电话了。有人一直在给你打电话。通常不表示动作的重复。表示动作的重复。 区别五：现在完成进行时常表示动作的断断续续的重复。试比较： 区别六：完成进行时只能和表示动作的词（行为动词）连用，不能和状态词（know, be, have, exist等）连用；现在完成时既可以和动作词又可和状态词连用。I have had this camera for five years.
I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.
I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. 区别七：现在完成进行时不能和以下的时间状语连用，如：never，ever，yet, already, 。I’ve never visited Paris. 区别八：有些动词一般只用于现在完成时，不能用于完成进行时，如：understand, realize, remember, forget, see, hear, believe等。She has forgotten her promise.I smoked.
I smoke.
I have smoked for 3 years.
It is 3 years since I smoked.
It is 3 years since I began to smoke.试比较：我已经3年不抽烟了。我已经抽了3年烟了。延续性动词短暂性动词