9B Unit 1 Life on Mars学练案

初三英语学练案 9B Unit 1 Life on Mars
聚焦中考要求
学习和运用与太空科技相关的词汇和科学知识，谈论航空航天话题。
学习和应用分数、百分数的表达方法。
学会运用that，if / weather引导的宾语从句。
学会用情态动词can，could，may，might表达请求和许可。
主动复习词语
翻译单词
头盔 机器人 药片 吉他 帐篷
想象 行星 拥挤的 怀着希望地 人, 人的
开发 确信的 移民 漂移 各种各样的
流行的 比较 网络 人口 交通工具
正规的 宇航员 储藏 使固定 令人愉快的
表面 干缩的 被污染的 百分率 不利条件
大气 英里 恒星 激光 专门地
互译短语
1. 到2100年为止 26. 呈药片形状
2. 在将来 / 过去 27. 在…的表面
3. 在…方面帮助… 28. 把…和…相比较
4. 许多人 29. 不让…接近
5. 在许多 / 某些方面 30. 被固定在
6. 首先，最重要的是 31. let robots do everything for us
7. 与…一样… 32. keep these animals away with laser light
8. 把…和…相连接 33. persons willing to move to Mars
9. 和…交朋友 34. 90 percent of women teachers
10. 镇静下来 35. three-eighth of the gravity on earth
11. 数码照相机 36. get more and more crowded and polluted
12. 太阳系 37. have more spare time for my hobbies
13. 以…开始 / 结束 38. at the half speed of light
14. 照顾 39. take high quality images
15. 以…的速度 40. get to / reach the pears on the tree
16. 太…而不能… 41. on the surface of the earth
17. 对…有伤害 42. make people feel sick
18. 此刻，现在 43. be worth /cost about 10 dollars
19. 公共交通 44. air pollution caused by traffic
20. 太空旅行 45. many kinds of food with different tastes
21. 考试 46. dream about traveling in space
22. 像…一样美味 47. be quite different from the situation at present
23. 担心…，害怕… 48. prevent things from floating into space
24. 去过某地 49. provide people with energy and oxygen
25. 起飞 50. a guide to living on Mars
互动排疑解难
词语辨析
imagine v. “想像，设想”（无进行时态，否定前移）I imagine him (as/to be) a big, tall man. I don’t imagine he will come if it rains. I don’t imagine he cares, does he?
crowded adj.“拥挤的”crowd n.“人群，一伙人”a crowd of tourists ____________；a crowded city ___________。
develop v.“发展，开发”；development n.“发展，开发”；developing adj.“发展中的”和developed adj.“发达的”。
【即时练1】
Our country has __________ very fast since 1978. The __________ makes the world amazed. But China is still a __________ country while Japan is a _________ country.
fashionable adj.“时尚的，流行的”fashion n.“时尚，时装”a fashion show __________。
compare v.“比较”compare…with… ______________。
force n.“力，力量”（指为了完成某事而使出的力量）power“力量”（通用词，指各种力，指具体的物质力量或抽象的精神、道德力量）strength“力量”（指人或物的力量从事、完成、忍受或抵御许多事）。
star n.“恒星”（自身发光的星球，如：the sun）planet n.“行星”（环绕恒星旋转的较大天体，如：Earth，Mars等）satellite n.“卫星”（环绕行星旋转的较小的天体，如：Moon）man-made satellite ______________。
population n.“人口（the number of people）”， 人口“多”“少”用large / big 或small来表示。
【即时练2】
1) India has a ________ population. But its population is _________ than that of China. China has the ________ population in the world.
2)中国人口是多少? __________ the population of China? = _________ people are there in China?
3) 中国人口是13亿。The population of China _______ 1.3 billion.= There ________ 1.3 million _________ in China. = China has a _________ of 1.3 billion. China is a country ________ 1.3 billion people.
fix v.“使固定，修理，安装”fix a conditioner to the wall in the room __________________。
certain adj. “确信的，无疑的 （强调有充分根据）”； certainly adv.“肯定地”；sure“确定的，有把握的（强调没有疑虑）”be sure of + n. _____________， be sure to + v. ____________， be sure that + 从句 _______________。
分数的表达:
分子用基数词，分母用序数词, 中间用连字号‘-’连接；当分子超过1时，分母要在序数词后加‘s’；如：one-third 三分之一，two-fifths 五分之二，three-eighths 八分之三，a half 二分之一，a quarter 四分之一，带分数先说整数部分，然后用and引出分数。如：five and four-sevenths 五又七分之四。
percentage n.“百分比，百分率，”the percentage of 60 = 60 percent ___________。
discussion n.“讨论”discuss v.“讨论”。
atmosphere n.“大气，空气”，air n.“空气”，climate n.“气候”，weather n. “天气”。
specially adv.“专门地，特意地（一般场合下的特殊情况，口语中多用，强调目的）”；especially “特别地（和specially可互换，多强调程度）”；particularly“特别，尤其（特殊场合下的特殊情况）”。
【即时练3】
1）I’ve come ___________ to see you. 2）I like play playing ball games, ___________ playing football.
3）He usually chats online till late at night, ____________ on weekends.
human n.“人”；adj.“人的，人类的”。human beings __________； mankind n.“人类”；man n.“男人，人（泛指）”man 表示“人类”时，为科学用语，用作单数。Man’s knowledge of things develops in the struggle of nature. people“（泛指，集体名词）人，人们”；person“（可作people的单数形式）”。
first of all“首先，头等重要的是（强调首先要做的）”；at first“首先，最初（说明时间）”；firstly“首先，第一条（列举事物或理由的顺序）”。
【即时练4】
1) I have three reasons for not going--________ I am old, secondly I have been ill, and thirdly, I don’t want to.
2) ___________, I want to say something about the importance of this subject.
3) I found it difficult to improve my English________, but with the teacher’s help, I have made it.
4) As teachers, ___________, we should love our students and our work.
get to “触及，接触，影响” His honesty got to me. 他的诚实打动了我。get to又作 “到达”解, 后接表示地点词语, 相当reach或arrive at / in。
【即时练5】
1) Her words ________ me, I decided to climb on and at last I ________ the top.
2) Put the dish nearer or I can’t _________ the food in it.
care v.“关心，照顾”，care for“关心，喜欢，介意”；n.“关心，照顾”，take good care of = look after…well__________。careful adj.“细心的”，careless adj.“粗心的”，carefully adv.“细心地”，carelessly adv.“粗心地”。
by 介词，表示时间，意为“在…之前，截止到…时候”，后接将来时间， 谓语动词用将来时态； 后接过去时间， 谓语动词用过去完成时态。by和交通工具的词连用时， 表示交通方式； 后接动名词短语， 意为“通过…”， 说明做事的方式； 手段，用于被动语态句中，后接动作执行者，意为 “被, 由”。
【即时练6】
1) The population of China ________ (reach) 15 billion by the year 2040.
2) We __________ (learn) five English textbooks by the end of last term.
3) --Do you like traveling _______ coach? ---No, I prefer to travel _______ car.
4) This bridge was designed _______ a famous expert.
5) He helped the poor _______ raising money for charity.
harm v.& n.“伤害”；harmful adj.“有害的”； harmless adj.“无害的”。do harm to = be harmful to _______________。
【即时练7】
1) Smoking is ___________ to people’s health. It is will do a lot of _________ to your health.
2) Your smoking can be __________ to the health of your children.
句型破译
How do you like …? 你觉得…怎么样? 询问对方对某事物或人的看法，和What do you think of …? 同义。--How do you like the school? --It’s very perfect. I like it very much. What do you like about…? “你喜欢某事或某人的哪个方面？”--What do you think about the school? --The teachers are friendly and the students are hard-working.
However, by the year 2100, the journey might take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light. 然而，到2100年，乘坐以二分之一光速的航天飞机去火星，或许只要很短时间。take “用去，花费（时间）”，at the speed of“以…速度”。
Compared with life on Earth，life on Mars will be better in many ways. 与地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在许多方面要好些。in many ways “在许多方面”；in some ways ____________；by the way ____________；in the same way___________，on one’s way to…____________。
Meals will probably be in the form of pills and will not be as tasty as they are today. 饭菜可能会以片剂的形式出现，不会像现在这样可口。form n.“形式，状态”， Ice, snow and steam are different forms of water. in the form of “以…的形式”，The UFO was in the form of plate。
Scientists should be able to develop plants that can grow on Mars. 科学家应当能开发出能在火星上生长的植物。
Scientists are working hard to make this dream come true。科学家们正在努力使该梦想成为现实。come true“实现，成为现实”。
语法要点
can, could, may & might表示请求和允许
can, could可以用来谈论“能力”，可用来谈论“可能性”，还可用来表示“请求和允许”。can用来表示非正式请求，对象一般是家人，同学或朋友。--Can I watch TV, Mum? --Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. could用来表示正式请求，对象一般是陌生人，老年人，老师或老板。--Could I use your mobile phone? -- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
May用来表示正式而有礼貌的请求，对象一般是陌生人或所尊敬的人。--I’m new here. May I ask you a question? --Certainly, you may. / No, you may not或you can’t. Might用来表示非常正式请求，但很少用。 语气不及May I…自信。--I would like to buy a flat. Might I borrow some money from you? –I’m afraid not.
【即时练8】
1) --___________ I smoke here, Tom? --Sorry, you ___________.
2) -- ___________ I open the window, Mrs White? -- No, you ___________.
3) -- ___________ I use your ruler? -- Of course you ___________. Here you are.
4) --It’s raining heavily. ___________ I share your umbrella with you? --Certainly, you___________.
5) --Excuse me, ___________ you tell me the way to the Olympic Centre, please? -- Sure.
that , if / whether 引导宾语从句
当宾语从句的含义是陈述口气时，从句用that来引导，在非正式语体中可省略。I always imagine (that) most of the work can be done by robots in the future. 当宾语从句是“是否”疑问语气时，从句用if或whether来引导，不省略，从句用陈述句语序。当从句中有or not时只用whether. I don’t know if / whether people can live on Mars by 2050.
【即时练9】
1) He told me __________ the earth goes around the sun.
2) I don’t know ___________ he will go there or not.
3) Can you tell me ___________ it snows in winter in your hometown?
4) I’m sure ___________ I can’t go to the movie with you tonight, for I have much homework to do.
独立操练巩固
词汇填空
1. You’d better wear ____________ (头盔) when you riding motorbikes, kids.
2. Our earth is getting more and more ____________ (拥挤) because of the increase of people.
3. Jumping on Mars will be ____________ (危险) because we easily jump too high and flew away.
4. Take the ____________ (药) and stay in bed, then you’ll get better.
5. Gravity is a kind of force that keeps us from ____________ (漂浮) into the air.
6. I wish I would be an a____________ like Yang Liwei some day.
7. C____________ with the various kinds, and you’ll realize this one is more suitable for you.
8. Our earth is one of the sun’s p____________, it turns around the sun all the time.
9. My father ordered a d____________ camera for me online last Saturday.
单项选择
( ) 1. If your work __________, you can go skating with Dick.
A. will do B. is done C. have been done D. will be done
( ) 2. --Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr Scott?
--No, you __________. You __________ give it to me tomorrow.
A. needn’t, may B. mustn’t, can C. can’t, must D. may not, need
( ) 3. -- ___________ I borrow the library book Red Star Over China, Mrs Wei?
--No, you ____________. Somebody has borrowed it.
A. May, might not B. Can, couldn’t C. Could, can’t D. Might, may nott
( ) 4. We all know ____________ Mars is a planet in the solar system.
A. whether B. that C. if D. what
( ) 5. The USA is a ___________ country while China is a ___________ country.
A. developed, developed B. developing, developing
C. developing, developed D. developed, developing
( ) 6. About __________ of the doctors in the hospital ___________ women.
A. three-fifths, are B. third-fifth, is C. three-fifth, are D. third-five, is
( ) 7. I’m really very busy so I have my brother __________ the housework.
A. do B. done C. did D. doing
( ) 8. We are wondering ___________ we can grow plants on Mars in the future.
A. whether B. weather C. that D. what
( ) 9. The cake ___________ good. I can’t wait to eat it.
A. feels B. sounds C. becomes D. smells
( ) 10. Our English class usually starts ___________ a speech about daily life by a student.
A. about B. at C. with D. on
句子翻译
1. 科学家们正努力使该梦想成为现实。Scientists __________________to make this dream ____________.
2. 人类需要食物,水和空气才能生存。________________ food, water and air __________________.
3. –和农村生活相比, 你认为学校生活怎么样? –更有意思。你呢？
--What do you ___________ the school life _____________the country life? --_____________. What _____________?
4. 地球上的人口正变得越来越多。The population on the earth __________________________.
5. 现在，坐宇宙飞船到月球要用多长时间？__________ does ___________ to go to the moon __________ at present?
书面表达
根据月球上现存的条件（no air or water, less gravity, too hot when in the day and too cold at night），设想你去月球旅行要准备的物品（helmet, sunglasses, space clothes, special boots, notebook computer...），说明它们的用途，写一篇题为“Living on Moon”的100词左右的文章。