单元素养评估卷(二)
时间:120分钟 分数:120分
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
More than one million single-use straws(吸管), most of them plastic, are used in the United States each day. They end up in waterways, harm sea animals, and break down into micro-plastics. Quantities of places have passed plastic-straw bans as a way to start handling the global plastic waste problem.
Straw materials: advantages and disadvantages
Metal
Made of stainless steel, aluminum, or even titanium, metal straws have become popular. They draw some criticism for having a metallic taste and conducting heat from a hot drink, but they’re strong and can be reused.
Paper
Paper drinking straws, which date from the late 1800s, often absorb liquid over time and can leave a taste or fibres in drinks. They’re the most popular throwaway choice in places with plastic-straw bans.
Glass
Though glass straws may be more breakable and thus less portable than reusable straws of other materials, they hold up well to washing and reuse. Some straws are made to look artistic, with colours and blown-glass designs.
Bamboo
This natural material can be sustainably produced and is a plant-based replacement of plastic straws. Bamboo straws are easily disposed of and turned into fertiliser. They are reusable but can be hard to clean completely and may absorb flavours.
21. What is the major problem with plastic straws
A. Function. B. Flavour.
C. Weight. D. Pollution.
解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They end up in waterways, harm sea animals, and break down into micro-plastics. Quantities of places have passed plastic-straw bans as a way to start handling the global plastic waste problem.”可知,它们最终进入航道,危害海洋动物,并分解成微小的塑料颗粒。许多地方已经对使用塑料吸管发布了禁令,以此作为开始处理全球塑料垃圾问题的一种方式。因此塑料吸管产生的主要问题是它们会带来污染。故选D项。
答案:D
22. Which of the following belongs to single-use straws
A. Metal straw. B. Paper straw.
C. Glass straw. D. Bamboo straw.
解析:细节理解题。根据Paper部分中的“They’re the most popular throwaway choice in places with plastic-straw bans.”可知,在禁止使用塑料吸管的地方,它们是最受欢迎的一次性吸管。即纸吸管属于一次性吸管,题干中的“single-use”与文中的“throwaway”是同义词,故选B项。
答案:B
23. What is the advantage of the bamboo straw
A. It can become fertiliser.
B. It is easy to clean.
C. It is portable and bendable.
D. It has different designs.
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Bamboo straws are easily disposed of and turned into fertiliser.”可知,竹吸管很容易被处理成为肥料。因此竹制吸管的优势在于它可以变成肥料。故选A项。
答案:A
B
For a herder(放牧人) in Africa, the hardest part of the job is searching for cattle lost in the bush. But for Andrew, a herder at a farm in Zimbabwe, it’s not a problem. Once he spots Toro, he knows the rest of the herd is nearby. That’s because Toro isn’t an ordinary member of the herd. He’s a giraffe. In hot weather, cattle rest in the shade under his belly. And because of his height, Toro can spot lions long before they come close to the herd.
Toro’s unusual situation came about after his mother was killed by lions. Toro survived the attack, but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk. About two days later, some herders spotted and rescued him. With the permission of the Department of Wildlife, the herders moved Toro to Andrew’s farm. Since giraffes and cattle are both plant-eating animals that live in groups, their behaviours are much the same. Toro was accepted into the herd and wandered among the cattle as they ate grass.
Toro doesn’t always behave like the other members of his new herd. Like many kinds of animals, cattle compete for dominance(支配). Standing more than 13 feet tall, Toro is more than three times taller than the biggest bull, but Toro never tries to be “the boss”. “He is very used to their company,” Andrew said. When the herd enters the kraal(家畜栏), the cows and bulls push each other. “But thanks to his height, Toro does not need to join the mess,” said Andrew.
When asked if Toro would ever be returned to the wild, Munetsi, an officer of the Department of Wildlife said no. “In the wild, he would find it difficult to be accepted into another herd or defend himself from predators(猎食者),” he added. “He seems very much at home and is respected by the cattle.”
24. What was Toro like when the herders found him
A. He was left alone.
B. He was seriously ill.
C. He was lost in the bush.
D. He was fighting with lions.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Toro survived the attack, but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk.”可知,当放牧人发现Toro时,它是孤独的,没有长颈鹿保护它或者喂它奶。故选A项。
答案:A
25. What do we know about Toro in the cattle herd
A. He has fought to be the leader.
B. He gets along well with the herd.
C. He is pushed around by the bulls.
D. He stays away from the herd most of the time.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since giraffes and cattle are both plant-eating animals that live in groups, their behaviours are much the same. Toro was accepted into the herd and wandered among the cattle as they ate grass.”可知,Toro和牛群相处得很好。故选B项。
答案:B
26. What will happen to Toro according to Munetsi
A. He will be sent back to the wild.
B. He will be put into another herd of giraffes.
C. He will continue to live together with Andrew.
D. He will be trained to fight with the big animals.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘In the wild, he would find it difficult to be accepted into another herd or defend himself from predators,’ he added. ‘He seems very much at home and is respected by the cattle.’”可推测,Toro将会继续和Andrew一起生活。故选C项。
答案:C
27. What may be the best title for the passage
A. Giraffes Under Threat in the Wild
B. A Surprising New Family for a Giraffe
C. A New Way of Herding Appears in Africa
D. Moments Showing Friendship Between Animals
解析:标题归纳题。根据文章的主要内容,尤其是第二段中的“With the permission of the Department of Wildlife, the herders moved Toro to Andrew’s farm. Since giraffes and cattle are both plant-eating animals that live in groups, their behaviours are much the same. Toro was accepted into the herd and wandered among the cattle as they ate grass.”可知,本文主要讲述了一只长颈鹿来到放牧人Andrew的农场,和牛群生活在一起的故事。
答案:B
C
We don’t know how different our life will be in the future. We can only try to imagine it.
At first we think about human relationships. In the year 2050, we will use computers almost every day. We will be making new friends through the Internet—even our husbands or wives will be met in this way. It will be much faster and easier for us. On the other hand, our relationships with people won’t be as important as they are today—we will feel a little lonely.
Computers will also help us in many other activities in 2050. For example, they will be used by the children at school to make their learning easier. In addition, there will be much more other machines which will play a similar role as computers, like robots which will do the housework for us.
Spending holidays will also be completely different. Travelling to other planets or to the moon will be available for everyone. Means of transport will, of course, change, too. We will be using solar-powered cars, which will be much more environmentally friendly.
We could expect that the faster technological progress would lead to a more polluted environment. But it isn’t true. We will pay more attention to the environment protection. Scientists will probably find cures for many dangerous diseases, like cancer or AIDS. Therefore, our surroundings as well as our health will be in better condition.
Although we can’t predict the exact changes which will be made in the world, we often think about them. We worry about our and our children’s future; we have expectations, hopes as well as fears. But I think we should be rather sanguine about our future. We should be happy and believe good things will happen.
28. Why will people probably feel a little lonely in 2050
A. Because the number of people will become much smaller.
B. Because there will be less face-to-face communication.
C. Because people won’t like making friends with each other.
D. Because people won’t communicate with each other much often.
解析:细节理解题。由第二段提到的“We will be making new friends through the Internet ...”和“... our relationships with people won’t be as important as they are today ...”可知,在2050年,人们主要通过电脑进行交流,面对面交流的机会减少了,所以会感到孤独。
答案:B
29. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us .
A. that computers will do all the things for human beings
B. how people will use computers to communicate with each other
C. that machines like computers and robots will help people a lot
D. how people will use robots to do the housework
解析:段落大意题。第三段主要举了两个例子来证明计算机和机器人等机器将会对人类的帮助很大,故选C。
答案:C
30. The underlined word “sanguine” in the last paragraph most probably means “ ”.
A. disappointed B. surprised
C. curious D. optimistic
解析:词义猜测题。根据文章最后一句“We should be happy and believe good things will happen.”可以推测sanguine的意思是“乐观的”。
答案:D
31. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. How people will communicate in the year 2050.
B. What our life will be like in the year 2050.
C. How people will travel and spend their holidays in the year 2050.
D. What high technology will appear in the year 2050.
解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段中“We don’t know how different our life will be in the future. We can only try to imagine it.”可知,本文是对未来生活的设想;进一步阅读全文可知,本文主要设想了2050年人类的生活。故选B。
答案:B
D
A baby seal robot from Japan has came to the US. It’s been sold in Japan for several years, but now the company has created a Florida-based unit, Paro Robots US Inc., to sell the creature to places like nursing homes and hospitals. The robot, named Paro, is marketed as a therapeutic(治疗的) device that can help comfort people who have problems that can lead to social isolation(隔离).
Takanori Shibata, a Japanese engineer, invented Paro. He says the robot, which weighs about 6 pounds, is able to respond to touch, light, and sound.
Shibata says he tried making robotic cats and dogs, but that people didn’t find those convincing. “They expected too much,” he says, and would compare the robot to real animals they had known. Few people have ever seen a live baby seal, so they aren’t likely to draw comparisons between the robot and the real thing. So they accept Paro as a cute little companion.
The Vinson Hall Retirement Community in McLean held a recent event to showcase the robot and Virginia Long slowly came into the activity room. When a nurse put the robot on her lap, it began to shake slightly, and Long talked to it gently. “Why are you shaking Are you cold ” she asked. The robot made a high sound, and Long laughed. She said she used to have a cat, “but somebody stole him.” “Petting a seal is unusual,” she said, “but a lot of people have strange animals.”
But some experts say a robot is no replacement for a real animal. “One of the things that we’ve learned is that it is the unexpected and natural behaviour of the living creature that adds so much value to people’s experience. Any kind of newness can get the attention of people who are lonely and bored, but that doesn’t necessarily help them live a meaningful life. It doesn’t solve the problem that is really causing their lack of enjoyment of life,” says Bill Thomas, a professor at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
32. What is the role of Paro
A. To look after baby seals.
B. To give relief to patients.
C. To replace home-raised pets.
D. To provide medical examinations.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The robot, named Paro, is marketed as a therapeutic device that can help comfort people who have problems that can lead to social isolation.”可知,这款名为Paro的机器人被作为治疗性设备进行市场推广,它可以帮助那些有可能导致社交孤立问题的人获取安慰,因此可知Paro主要是为患者带来一丝慰藉。故选B项。
答案:B
33. How did people feel about robotic cats
A. Disappointed. B. Astonished.
C. Concerned. D. Amused.
解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Shibata says he tried making robotic cats and dogs ... would compare the robot to real animals they had known.”可推断,人们对机器猫比较失望,因为他们总会将机器猫与真猫做对比。故选A项。
答案:A
34. What was Long’s reaction to Paro
A. She refused to get close to it.
B. She showed it much affection.
C. She regarded it as her new cat.
D. She was frightened to talk to it.
解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“When a nurse put the robot on her lap, it began to shake slightly, and Long talked to it gently. ‘Why are you shaking Are you cold ’ she asked. The robot made a high sound, and Long laughed.”可推断,Long很喜欢Paro。故选B项。
答案:B
35. What do Bill Thomas’ words suggest about Paro
A. It is of great value to people.
B. It is not of great use in solving real problems.
C. It fails to catch older people’s interest.
D. It can take the place of a living creature.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It doesn’t solve the problem that is really causing their lack of enjoyment of life”可推断,Bill Thomas认为Paro虽然可以为孤独、无聊的人带来快乐,但是并不能解决他们生活中的实际问题。故选B项。
答案:B
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you feeling anxious about your test next week Here are some tips that will help you deal with stress and anxiety.
Study regularly
One of the most important ways of avoiding test anxiety is to prepare well in advance. Study regularly for a few hours every day. 36.
Reduce study pressure
If students are not able to deal with anxiety or nervousness, they could talk to their teachers, student counselors(辅导员), parents or friends. Parents should also avoid pressurising(加压) their kids to do well. 37. Then your children can study without any tension(紧张). Another important point that arises here is neither the students nor the parents should compare the children with their other classmates or friends.
Physical fitness
Do not forget to eat and sleep properly. Many times due to anxiety students can’t fall asleep or eat anything. 38. Exercising regularly is equally important as talking to friends and socialising(社交).
39.
Plan your studies well. Chart(制图) out a timetable and take proper breaks while studying. Along with the study time, allot(分配) time to relax and do what you love to do. Practising simple breathing skills will also help reduce stress.
40. While it is important to gain good scores in tests, it is not the most important thing in life. Learning to deal with nervousness and stress will not only help them to do well in school tests, but also in their future life.
A. Listen carefully in class
B. Prepare schedule
C. Create a peaceful and relaxing atmosphere at home.
D. It helps increase the students’ confidence.
E. Test and exam time causes a lot of nervousness in students.
F. They should sleep for at least 6—7 hours a day and eat nutritious and healthy food.
G. Students should remember that tests are just part of life.
答案:36. D 37. C 38. F 39. B 40. G
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
What kinds of homes will we live in in the future 41 can be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.
Some scientists are 42 about building whole cities under huge glass domes(圆顶). 43 , advanced heating and cooling systems will be necessary to control the weather in the domes. 44 , there will never be any rain or snow, and the temperature will always be 45 .
Perhaps everyone will live in vertical(垂直的)cities—high rises 46 are so large that they can 47 all the necessities of life. Since vertical cities will use less land than flat cities, and provide homes 48 more people, they will be practical for small countries that have 49 population.
50 idea that will be helpful to small countries is the floating city. Monaco has already built homes, stores, and offices 51 the water of the Mediterranean Sea.
There are some people who think that we will go back to 52 in caves. 53 the caves of the future will be very different from those of the Stone Age. Farms and parks will be on the land 54 the cave city. When people want to go to a farm or park, a short ride in a(n) 55 will take them there.
41. A. Somebody B. Anybody
C. Nobody D. Everybody
答案:C
42. A. thinking B. considering
C. imagining D. suggesting
答案:A
43. A. On the other hand B. As a result
C. Of course D. At the same time
答案:C
44. A. Similarly B. Therefore
C. According to D. Moreover
答案:B
45. A. cool B. warm
C. comfortable D. satisfied
答案:C
46. A. that B. whom
C. where D. who
答案:A
47. A. construct B. continue
C. remain D. contain
答案:D
48. A. on B. at
C. with D. for
答案:D
49. A. a small B. a large
C. a few D. many
答案:B
50. A. One B. Second
C. Next D. Another
答案:D
51. A. in B. above
C. over D. on
答案:D
52. A. live B. be living
C. living D. having lived
答案:C
53. A. Also B. But
C. Then D. Again
答案:B
54. A. in B. under
C. beside D. over
答案:D
55. A. lift B. underground
C. plane D. bus
答案:A
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For many of us, cold drinks 56. (consider) to be one of the necessities for summer. Who can resist the 57. (please) of drinking an ice-cold Coke after playing a basketball game on a hot day
However, a recent study 58. (conduct) by the professors from the University of Ottawa, found hot drinks such as teas and coffees might actually be more 59. (effect) to cool you down in dry conditions. According to Smithsonian Magazine, when you drink some hot drinks, you 60. (start) to sweat more. It will remove excess heat by converting(转化) 61. water from a liquid to a vapour. As long as you are able to sweat, you can cool down quickly.
But that also means 62. you’re in a hot, humid room, or you are wearing long sleeves and trousers, hot drinks are 63._______ (probable) not going to work. 64. that case, Jay suggests the opposite course of action: “Hot drinks still add a small amount of heat to the body, so if 65. (sweat) more is going to be a problem, go for a cold drink.”
答案:56. are considered 57. pleasure
58. conducted 59. effective 60. will start
61. the 62. if 63. probably 64. In 65. sweating
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,与你的美国朋友John约好上星期六下午去打网球,但你因故没能赴约。请你给John写一封信表示歉意。内容包括:
(1)向他致歉;
(2)解释原因;
(3)希望另约时间。
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80左右;
(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
(3)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:重新安排reschedule
Dear John,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案:
Dear John,
I am so sorry that I missed our appointment to play tennis last Saturday afternoon.
It must have been very upsetting for you to make every effort to get to the stadium on time, only to find that I failed to arrive. Unfortunately, my sister was involved in a car accident, and everything else simply slipped my mind.
Would you prefer to reschedule next time you are in China, or simply speak on the phone I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Christmas was hanging around. Six-year-old David was thinking what presents he could get from Santa. He wanted slippers; he wanted a silk tie; he wanted some toys. And school starting soon, he also hoped to get something about schooling. In order to get Santa to know what he needed, he thought he would write a letter to Santa, which he believed would bring him those presents. He found a sheet and made a list of the items on it, and then bent down to post the letter up the chimney, waiting for the winds to take it up.
David got up very early on the Christmas morning. He searched his room carefully, but to his disappointment, he didn’t find the presents he had hoped for. Hadn’t Santa received the letter Was he too busy to send him the gifts Although feeling a little upset, David was convinced that Santa would not forget him and he was bound to receive the items.
Many years had passed and 2019 came. In an old house, a young builder, Lewis Shaw was removing the fireplace with his colleagues when he suddenly found a small piece of paper, which was still in perfect condition even if it had turned yellow. He picked it up and unfolded it. It was a letter written to Santa. The touching hand-written note read:
Dear Father Christmas,
Please send me Rupert Annual, a drum, a box of chalks, slippers, a silk tie, a pencil box, any little toys you have to spare.
Love,
David
It was then signed off with lots of kisses.
This was the very letter written by David and the house was where he had lived during his childhood! The letter struck Shaw so much. How simple Christmas once was! David didn’t ask for much, just the things he needed. Nowadays kids always want expensive gifts and take it for granted.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1:
Shaw decided to find out the author of the letter.________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
A great surprise was on the way. After a pleasant chat, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
Paragraph 1:
Shaw decided to find out the author of the letter. He shared a photo of the note on Facebook. He also tried to speak to the neighbours on both sides of the house. Within two days he finally connected with David, the now 78-year-old man living in a town nearby. They met at the old house, where Shaw returned him the letter. What a great surprise it was that he could read the letter again so many years after he wrote it!
Paragraph 2:
A great surprise was on the way. After a pleasant chat,Shaw handed David a box. Inside the box David found all the presents he had listed in the letter. In fact, it had taken Shaw a lot of time to collect these presents. He didn’t even know Rupert Annual was a magazine for children before he was able to get one. David was quite excited—he finally had his Christmas wishes fulfilled! He hugged Shaw and thanked him very much for what he had done for him.
PAGE(共14张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing
写一篇讨论未来科技发展利弊的议论文
阅读下面范文,总结此类议论文的结构并欣赏其语言特点。
Recently we have had a discussion on whether we should clone humans.
35 percent of the students think cloning humans is interesting and can bring people back to life. It can make the world more interesting and give people more pleasure. Another advantage is that it can make a breakthrough in the development of economy. Besides, we can clone some famous scientists and let them undertake some exact research work so that they can do more things for humans. 65 percent of the students think it is a moral question to clone humans. Each of us differs while a cloned person is merely a copy. From time to time, cloned people may be taken advantage of by some evil persons.
In my opinion/view, whether cloning humans is right or not is difficult to say right now. Perhaps we will just have to wait and see.
答案:中间:优缺点
优缺点
答案:中间:优缺点
答案:中间:优缺点
答案:中间:优缺点
回顾本单元以及以前曾经学过的评论性文章,总结一下评论性文章常用的表达。
1.词汇
辩论: _______________________________________________
支持: _______________________________________________
反对: _______________________________________________
个人观点: ____________________________________________
2.句型
话题提出:_____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
观点表达: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
观点论证: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
观点总结: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
答案: 略
现在,网上购物正在被越来越多的消费者所接受。但是,由网上购物引发的问题也引起了人们的高度关注。请根据以下内容,写一篇英语短文,分析网上购物的利与弊,并简述自己的观点。
网上购物
利 弊 你的观点
·方便快捷
·价格便宜
·产品种类多 ·质量无法保证
·容易上当受骗 ……
注意:
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；
3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
With the spread of the Internet, more and more people prefer going shopping online. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
With the spread of the Internet, more and more people prefer going shopping online. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.
We can buy things on the Internet without leaving our houses. Shopping online can save a lot of time for us. What’s more, there are many different kinds of goods for us to choose from, which may be cheaper than those in real shops.
However, shopping online also causes us some problems. Since we can see only pictures of goods on the Internet, we are
not sure about their quality. Besides, there are lots of fake advertisements on the Internet, making customers easily cheated.
In my opinion, we should be careful while enjoying the convenience of shopping online.
写完之后,同伴之间或者小组成员之间互换批改(批改的时候可以参考下表),找出习作中的不足或错误,然后再结合收到的反馈意见修改完善。
项目 角度 具体评价(结合习作写出具体内容)
文章结构 是否结构清晰,思路流畅,符合观点表达类议论文的常用结构
主题词汇 是否充分有效运用了【素材积累】中的主题词汇(在右栏写出所用到的词汇)
主题句型 是否充分有效运用了【素材积累】中的主题句型(在右栏写出所用到的句型)
知识错误 单词拼写、语法错误等
其他不足
整体评价 ☆☆☆☆☆
随着网络的普及,越来越多的中学生上网交友。某报社就“Should Students Make Friends Online ”这个主题进行了征文大赛。 请你给该报社投稿。
内容要点:
1. 网上交友的优点:轻松交友,畅所欲言,帮助语言学习。
2. 网上交友的弊端:浪费时间,分散精力,有时会上当受骗。
3. 你自己的看法。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 内容充实,结构完整,语句连贯;
3. 开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Should Students Make Friends Online
Whatever your age is, the Internet is a great place to hang out, where you can not only have fun but also make friends.
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————______________________________________________________
答案:
Should Students Make Friends Online
Whatever your age is, the Internet is a great place to hang out, where you can not only have fun but also make friends.
One of the advantages of making friends online is that students can express their feelings and opinions more freely. Thus they can also ease their anxiety from their studies. In the meanwhile, it can be helpful for their language studies.
However, each coin has two sides. Making friends online can no doubt waste much of their precious time, which should be spent more meaningfully on studies. Besides, some even get cheated online.
In my opinion, students should bury themselves into their studies. As for friendship, students can readily find it among the familiar people around them.Section Ⅴ Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 根据句意及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. It’s very important to keep in mind as many English words and_______ (短语) as possible.
2. After his death, his children will certainly carry on his _______(事业).
3. The theme park is not ________(可用的) now because the roller coaster is being repaired.
4. Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung ________(癌症).
5. Further measures will be taken to rid our streets of ________(犯罪).
6. As we all know, satellites have been used for communication as well as the weather ________(预报).
7. As for the work, it is vital to keep _______ (准确的) records.
8. No matter how many people _______ (反对) it, time will prove that your ideas are right.
9. The _______ (遥远的) desert area is accessible only by helicopter.
10. Everyone should ________ (遵守) the rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.
答案:1. phrases 2. career 3. available 4. cancer
5. crime 6. forecast 7. accurate 8. oppose
9. remote 10. obey
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. We should persuade the kids _______(keep) away from violent computer games.
2. When the lost boy saw the smoke rising in the _______ (distant), he became excited immediately.
3. Learn to combine your knowledge_______experience, and you are sure to succeed.
4. He gave me a variety of examples to confirm that his (predict) was correct.
5. She turned her back to him when he explained the reason for his (absent) from the party.
6. What you said has no (relevant) to the subject.
7. One reason for her (prefer) for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
8. His being fired gave a big (warn) to anyone who is lazy and dishonest in the company.
9. After he witnessed his house broken into, he began to pay more attention to _______(secure).
10. I have such _______ good command of English that I am elected as an assistant of my English teacher.
答案:1. to keep 2. distance 3. with 4. prediction
5. absence 6. relevance 7. preference 8. warning
9. security 10. a
Ⅲ. 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
daily routine, as to, switch off, lead to, catch fire, in this sense, keep in touch with, early on, along with, on the other hand
1. When you come back you feel energetic and you are happy to be back to your ____________.
2. I ___________all the lights before I went out.
3. The Internet makes it convenient for us to __________ each other.
4. We encountered problems ___________ in the project.
5. Two farm workers died when a barn____________.
6. ___________, children should enjoy the same rights as adults.
7. ___________our future plans, I think I only need to say that the company intends to expand at a steady rate.
8. There is no doubt that the increase in demand __________the rise in prices.
9. Mr Green, __________ his friends, is going to play golf tomorrow.
10. On the one hand, hospitals lose money. However, , if people are healthy, don’t think of it as losing money; think of it as saving lives.
答案:1. daily routine 2. switched off 3. keep in touch with
4. early on 5. caught fire 6. In this sense 7. As to
8. leads to 9. along with 10. on the other hand
Ⅳ. 语法专练
1. When he comes to my house tomorrow, I ________(write) the report.
2. I _______ (work) in Geneva during May next year.
3. I think that she _______(work) on this experiment until tomorrow morning.
4. Premier Li _______(make) a speech on TV at 8 p.m. next Friday evening.
5. Mary will not be able to come for dinner tonight because she (have) a lecture then.
6. When he comes, I (give) him some advice.
7. Tom will not be in London next Tuesday. He (go) on a trip by camel in Africa.
8. As you go through this book, you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
9. From 13 to 20 next month, my family and I (travel) abroad.
10. This time tomorrow Bill _________ (work) in the garden.
答案:1. will be writing 2. will be working
3. will be working 4. will be making
5. will be having 6. will give 7. will be going
8. will find 9. will be travelling 10. will be working
[提升测评]
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
What will people die of 100 years from now If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in biotechnology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today’s leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.
In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs. The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells and so on, and in the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.
It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditions of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.
1. According to the passage, what is human death now mainly caused by
A. Diseases and aging.
B. Accidents and war.
C. Accidents and aging.
D. Heart disease and war.
解析:细节理解题。由文章第一段的最后一句可知,当今生命的主要杀手有心脏病、癌症和衰老。
答案:A
2. In the author’s opinion, today’s most important advance in technology lies in .
A. medicine B. the Internet
C. brain cells D. human organs
解析:细节理解题。第二段前两句的意思是:“在讨论技术变化时,现在人们主要注意到的是网络。然而,药学方面的变化可能是当今技术方面的真正的大事件”,故选A。
答案:A
3. Why may humans live longer in the future
A. Heart disease will be far away from us.
B. Human brains can decide the final death.
C. The basic materials of cells will last forever.
D. Human organs can be repaired by new medicine.
解析:推理判断题。由第二段的后半部分可知,在2050-2100年间,每隔10年左右,人们可以通过服药来修复生病或衰老的器官,这是未来生命延长的原因。
答案:D
4. What can we learn from the passage
A. Human life will not last more than 120 years in the future.
B. Humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now.
C. Much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life.
D. We have already solved the technical problems in building new cells.
解析:推理判断题。由最后一段可知,将来技术的发展可能改变人类最基本的生存条件,但想达到美好的将来还有很多技术问题要解决。
答案:C
B
Some people are so rude. Who sends an email or a text message that just says “Thank you” Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet 5.______
Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little politeness. But many social norms(规范) just don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a coauthor of Emily Post’s Etiquette, asked, “At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost ”
6.________Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages. In texts, you don’t have to declare who you are or even say hello. Email, too, is slower than a text. The worst are those who leave a voice mail message and then send an email message to tell you they left a voice mail message.
This isn’t the first time technology has changed our manners. 7._______Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people say,“Ahoy!” Finally, hello won out, and the victory sped up the greeting’s use in face-to-face communication.
In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on a digital map. 8._______ And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you email.
How to handle these differing standards Easy: Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message. 9._______In traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here’s hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.
A. Then there is voice mail.
B. Others, like me, want no reply.
C. But people still ask these things.
D. Don’t these people realise that they’re wasting your time
E. Won’t new technology bring about changes in our daily life
F. Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.
G. When the telephone was invented, people didn’t know how to greet a caller.
答案:5.D 6.A 7.G 8.C 9.B
PAGE(共14张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义
1. This brand of tinned food does not contain artificial( ) colouring.
2. Cloning( ) takes the DNA from a single cell to create a whole new individual.
3. No matter how carefully you plan your finances,no one can predict( ) when the unexpected will happen.
4. The weather station can forecast( ) a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives.
5. Fill in the form and write down your name, address and occupation( ).
6. I’d take this opportunity( ) to thank you, my dear friend.
7. It was a good concert—I enjoyed the last song in particular( ).
8. The biggest challenge( ) is to respect the traditions but to add my own style.
9. She says she can cure me, but I still doubt( ) her.
10. Imagine( ) a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the café or party, etc.
答案: 1. 人工的 2. 克隆 3. 预测
4. 预测;预报 5. 职业 6. 机会 7. 尤其;特别
8. 挑战 9. 怀疑 10. 想象
Ⅱ. 补全对话
1. A: What are you going to do next weekend
B: ______hold a party.
2. A: What do you think of him
B: _____he is suitable for the job.
3. A: Which class will win the game
B: ______Class 2 will win.
4. A: What will you be doing this time tomorrow
B: ______our homework.
5. A: What about natural resources on Earth
B:______be less and less oil, gas and coal left.
A. We will be doing
B. I don’t think that
C. In the future there will
D. We are going to
E. My prediction is that
答案: 1. D 2. B 3. E 4. A 5. C
Look at the five pictures on page 18 of the textbook and answer the following questions.
1.What do you think picture 2 is about Please give an example to
show the benefit of the technology.
______________________________________________________
2. What is picture 4 about Please give an example to show how the technology is used in China.
___________________________________________________________________
Pre-listening: Look and say.
3. What is picture 5 about Please give one or two examples to show the damage it will cause.
____________________________________________________
答案: 1. It’s about nanobots. For example, nanobots can help doctors treat heart disease. It can use a pipe and detect the particular position which is treated.
2. Cloning. In 2018, the Chinese scientists cloned two monkeys.
3. Global warming. It can cause the increasing amount of extreme weather and many animals to die out.
答案: 略
While-listening: Listen and write.
Listen to a radio interview and finish Exercise 3.
Post-listening: Speak and play.
1. (应用实践)Suppose you are the journalist who interviewed Dr Han and Vincent Black. Retell the dialogue, beginning with it like this:
Just now, as a journalist, I interviewed Dr Han and Vincent Black. I’d like them to give their predictions about the future.
_______________________________________________________
2. (迁移创新)Fill in the blanks according to the situation, and role-play with your partner.
(Situation: Two friends met on their way home, chatting and giving their predictions about life in the future.)
A: I am always dreaming about life in the future. What do you think it will be like
B: ① perhaps some people will go to the moon for a holiday, and that some scientists will live under the sea. What’s your prediction
A: ② children needn’t go to school every
day with plenty of educational programmes on the Internet. What’s your opinion about a robot
B: ③ be a robot in each family, which can do whatever they are told to, such as shopping, housework, etc. What future changes can you imagine
A: ④ our environment will be much better than now, because some effective measures will be taken to protect it. There will be no pollution, no rubbish, etc. Earth will become a big beautiful garden.
B: ⑤ our dream about life in the future will come true some day.
答案:
①I think
②My prediction is that
③Maybe in the future there will
④I can imagine
⑤I do believe
如何在听力过程中获取预测信息
1. 关注语篇中一般将来时和将来进行时的使用。
2. 留心表示预测的词汇,如predict、 prediction、 forecast等。
口语交际中表达个人观点的常用句式:
I think/believe ... 我想/认为……
In my opinion/view 依我来看
Personally就个人而言
As far as I am concerned 对我来说
As for me
My own point of view is that ...我自己的观点是……Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. —Will you be available at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon
—No. I (attend) a lecture then.
2. I (fly) from Miami to New York to meet the other members of the group this time tomorrow.
3. Paula says that she (work) late every evening next month.
4. At 7 o’clock this evening we (celebrate) Tom’s birthday.
5. When you reach the other end of the bridge, I (wait) right there to show you the way.
6. You (arrive) in time if you hurry.
7. —Look! The light is still on at noon.
—Sorry. I (turn) it off.
8. Look at the dark clouds! It (rain).
9. The car (go) at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.
10. He describes what houses (look) like in thirty years.
答案: 1. will be attending 2. will be flying
3. will be working 4. will be celebrating
5. will be waiting 6. will arrive 7. will turn
8. is going to rain 9. will be going
10. will look
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 今天下午6点保拉将正在淋浴。
Paula ______ _______ _______ _______ _________at 6 this afternoon.
2. 明天我不能参加他的婚礼,因为那时我在开会。
I can’t attend his wedding tomorrow, for______ ______ _______ ______ ______ then.
3. 我很兴奋!明天上午的这个时候我正飞往上海。
I feel so excited!This time tomorrow morning______ ______ ______ _____ _______ Shanghai.
4. 她不在时,她的丈夫将照料这些孩子们。
Her husband _______ ______ _______ ______ ________ the children while she is away.
5. 下星期的这个时候我就会躺在沙滩上了。
This time next week ______ ________ ________on the beach.
答案: 1. will be taking a shower
2. I’ll be having a meeting
3. I will be flying to
4. will be taking care of
5. I’ll be lying
[提升测评]
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Dear Jack,
It’s great 1. (hear) from you. Thanks for the birthday card.
You asked 2. I have been thinking a lot about the future now that I’m 17. The answer is yes! Things change so quickly, don’t they I mean, in just a year’s time, I 3. (be) an adult. And this time next year, I 4. (take) my final school exams. Hopefully I 5. (pass) them! Then, in a couple of years’ time, I 6. (study) at university. I think I 7. (choose) law. After graduation, I 8. (look) for a job related to law. In the long term, I hope that in 20 years, I 9.______ (work) as a judge. What are you hoping to do 10. the future Tell me all about your plans.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案: 1. to hear 2. if/whether 3. will/shall be
4. will/shall be taking 5. will/shall pass
6. will/shall study或will/shall be studying
7. will/shall choose 8. will/shall look
9. will/shall be working 10. in
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
Some people are pessimistic(悲观的) when they think about the future. They say that, a hundred years from now, we will have used most of Earth’s resources. We will have polluted our seas badly, and be unable to eat fish from them. We will have made the air so dirty that we will need to wear masks. The world’s population will have doubled, and we will have used all the countryside for housing; there will be no farmland left.
Other people believe that man adapts very easily. They have a different idea of the future. How, in their views, will people be living in a hundred years’ time
One architect(建筑师) believes that man will move off the land. He suggests that the city of the future will be a huge, pyramid-shaped(金字塔形的) building, which will be floating on the surface of the sea. About 5,000 families will be living there, and the building will contain shops and schools as well as homes. By living on the sea, we will give farmers more land to grow crops.
As for oil, people will no longer need it: we will be heating our homes with power from the sun. And we will not be short of minerals, because there are plenty under our oceans. At the moment, we do not have the technology to get them out. However, in a hundred years’ time, the optimists say, the new sea cities will be using these resources.
What will be in the shops in the year 3000 What will people be wearing How will people be travelling
Scientists who make predictions about the future suggest that, by the year 3000, shops will no longer puters will have replaced them; and people will order goods at home.
People will be wearing very light, thin clothes. By this time, scientists will have invented a fabric (织物) that keeps us cool in hot weather and warm in cold weather.
As for travel, the experts say that most people will be using public transport. Electric cars will be travelling through the streets day and night. Anybody will be able to stop one and use it.
What an interesting picture. Unfortunately, we will not be there to see if these predictions come true.
1. Pessimists believe that in the future .
A. the seas and oceans will be full of houses
B. we’ll have used up all the resources
C. we will not have enough fish to eat from the seas
D. we will have polluted the air so badly that it will be impossible for us to breathe
解析: 细节理解题。由文章第一段第四句 “We will have made ... to wear masks.”可知,悲观的人认为一百年之后,因为空气受到严重污染,人们必须要戴着面具,故D项正确。A项是一位建筑师的假想,不符合题干要求;B项应为大部分资源被用完而非全部;C项应为海水受到污染从而导致鱼不能食用,故排除。
答案: D
2. Optimists suggest that in the future .
A. all the land will be too polluted to be cropped on
B. pyramids will be most commonly-used houses
C. people will be using the power from the sun instead of oil
D. we will be short of materials even though we get them from the oceans
解析: 细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句可知,人们将不再需要石油,而是利用太阳能来取暖。其他选项均与原文不符。
答案: C
3. Scientists have made the predictions EXCEPT .
A. electric cars will be going along the streets continuously
B. the resources under the oceans will never be used up
C. people will order goods at home
D. people won’t suffer from cold any longer
解析: 细节理解题。倒数第二段第二句提到日夜运作的电车;倒数第四段末句提到人们将在家中订购商品;倒数第三段末句提到新发明的织物会让我们觉得冬暖夏凉;只有B项在文中未提及。
答案: B
B
The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells(细胞) and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such great numbers used to discourage us and cause us to stop thinking about the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a speed we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years, perhaps, we will be able to build a machine as complex(复杂的) as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to make it as intelligent as the human brain by properly programming it.
I think it is certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon(硅) will arise to compete with their human ancestors. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon’s long control. And we will no longer be able to consider ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the world.
As the intelligence of robots increases and their cost goes down, we may achieve a lot with their help, first on Earth through their ability to complete any kind of work in harmful environments. In the end, deserts(沙漠) may turn into gardens. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the creation of a huge, man-made world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.
4. In the author’s opinion, the human brain .
A. is complex and intelligent
B. is too complex to be reproduced
C. may change a lot in 10 or 20 years
D. will soon be replaced by machines
解析: 细节理解题。由第一段中的“as complex as the human brain”和“as intelligent as the human brain”可知,作者认为人类的大脑十分复杂而且非常聪明,故选A项。
答案: A
5. The underlined word “carbon” in paragraph 2 stands for .
A. human beings
B. an old machine
C. an ocean animal
D. intelligent robots
解析: 词义猜测题。由该段中的“machines of silicon will arise to compete with their human ancestors”可知,carbon在此是指代人类(碳基生命是以碳元素为有机物质基础的生物。地球上已知的生物,包括人类在内,都是碳基生命),故选A项。
答案: A
6. In the last paragraph, the author mainly .
A. talks about the intelligence of robots
B. explains how to create a world in space
C. describes what our future life might be
D. shows his/her worry about the environment
解析:段落大意题。作者在本段中主要就人类未来的生活简单地进行了描绘,故选C项。
答案: C
PAGE(共40张PPT)
UNIT 2
LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE
语篇类型 1. 说明文:SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER;
2. 议论文:欢迎或者拒绝未来的变化;
3. 其他类型:图片、音频、视频等
语言知识 主题
词汇 家庭生活: switch knob appliance automatic sensor mode routine electrical wiring wire nanobot artificial switch off/on remote control air conditioner daily routine artificial intelligence
论述观点: warning critical relevant nevertheless predict prediction forecast oppose hence advocate emphasis resist resistance in this sense (in ... sense)
文学作品: phrase structure paragraph essay accurate fantasy
人物描写: preference obey persuade command abnormal cancer detect available occupation deceased absence rural career librarian keep in touch (with ...)
描述事物: efficient distant secure remote integrated integrate instant constant potential potentially leak innovation security crime combine clone cease luxury prospect signpost early on catch fire
语言知识 语法 将来进行时
语篇 观点表达类文章的语篇结构和语言特色
语用 做出预测:
I think/believe/predict that in the future ...
My prediction is that ... By 2030, we will ... In the (distant) future there will ... I can imagine/forecast ... I doubt/don’t think that ... One challenge will be ... We will have the opportunity to ... We will be doing ... We are going to ...
文化知识 1. 了解未来智能家居给生活带来的便捷,认识到科技的力量;
2. 对未来变化做出合理的预测,畅想未来的美好
语言技能 1. 能够在听力语篇中抓取表示预测的时态和句子结构,获取主要信息;
2. 能够根据文体和语言特点判断文章的目标读者和写作目的;
3. 能够运用表示预测的语言功能项目谈论未来的工作和生活;
4. 能够运用正反两方面的观点和论据写一篇讨论未来科技发展利弊的议论文;
5. 能够在看视频前根据标题、介绍文字及图片预测视频内容
学习策略 1. 利用题目有效预测听力内容或篇章主要内容;
2. 在语境中学习词汇和语法
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (1)
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义
1. I think it important to memorise words and phrases( ).
2. She worked as a librarian before switching( ) to a journalist.
3. I’m willing to go to work in a remote( ) village after I graduate from university.
4. The general commanded( ) that the soldiers make an attack on the enemy.
5. Pedestrians should obey( ) traffic rules and not cross the road at a red light.
6. In many countries, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning( ) attached to them.
7. You can write anything relevant( ) so long as it’s interesting and informative.
8. I would be very grateful if you could send me more information about the post available( ).
9. When he first arrived in the US, he was an instant( ) hit among basketball followers nationwide.
10. With these changes, people’s work has been made more efficient( ).
答案：1.词组 2. 转换 3. 偏远的 4. 命令 5. 遵守
6. 警告 7. 有关的 8. 可获得的 9. 立即的 10. 效率高的
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示补全短语
1. switch 关/开(电灯、机器等)
2. control 遥控器;遥控
3. air 空调机;空调设备
4. daily 日常生活
5. fire着火
6. this sense 从这种意义上来讲
7.respond 对……做出反应
8. addition另外;此外
9. keep track 了解……的动态;与……保持联系
10. prevent sb/sth sth 阻止某人/某物做某事
答案：1. off/on 2. remote 3. conditioner 4. routine
5. catch 6. in 7. to 8. in 9. of 10. (from) doing
Ⅲ. 根据句意及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. Can you show me a case where this (短语) is often misused by Chinese students, Mr Brown
2. I attempted to (说服) him to change his mind, but failed at the first attempt.
3. What we know is that every parent wants a (可靠的) future for his or her children.
4. It’s just a (常规的) medical examination, nothing to worry about.
5. The great drawback to living on a main road is the (不断的) noise.
6. The fighting has stopped, but the situation is still (严重的).
7. Sea water was (渗漏) into the batteries which powered the electric motors.
8. What you said was true. It was, (不过;然而), a little unkind.
9. We must encourage (创新) if the company is to remain competitive.
10. Being examined twice a year, whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must (遵守) in this city.
答案：1. phrase 2. persuade 3. secure 4. routine
5. constant 6. critical 7. leaking
8. nevertheless 9. innovation 10. obey
Ⅳ. 完成句子并背诵
1. 或是你忘记过关掉电视或电脑吗
Or, have you ever forgotten to the TV or computer
2. 在你步入家门的一刹那,灯光亮起,你最喜爱的音乐或电视节目随即开启,而且你会发现晚餐也已备好。
Your lights will you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
3. 智能马桶也会持续跟踪你的健康状况。
Smart toilets will be your health as well.
4. 如果发现异常情况,或是你得了癌症等重大疾病,智能马桶会提前警告你,并有可能挽救你的生命。
They can warn you if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
5. 这样一来,你就能够在家里水流满地或着火前及时解决问题。
This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or .
6. 从这个意义上说,明日之家已经是今日之家。
, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.
答案：
1. switch off 2. come on the instant
3. keeping constant track of 4. early on
5. catches fire 6. In this sense
Step 1:
1. Look at the title “SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER”. Can you guess what the text is about __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why does the writer use the two questions at the beginning of the text
————————————————————————————————————————————————————
It is about smart homes in the future.
To draw the readers’ attention to the topic.
识别写作意图和读者对象
1.作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种看法或观点。判断文章的写作意图时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握;阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句,准确归纳文章主题。此外,文中的短语类型也能帮助我们识别写作意图。
2. 识别读者对象:识别读者对象要求我们要具备一定的常识,只有把文章的内容与自己具备的常识结合起来才能做出准确推断。比如我们要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,识别出读者对象选出最佳答案。
Step 2: Read the text and fill in the table.
SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER
Intelligent
Controls ·Today: We use 1. for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and 2. controls for our TVs and air conditioners.
·In the future:①We will be using advanced technology for 3. ____ control of just about everything in our home.
②Your home will learn your daily routine and preferences.
Regular
Health
Checks ·Bed: Your bed will 4. how well you sleep every night and 5. your body weight and it will send a 6. to your phone if you start to have sleep or weight problems.
·Smart toilets: They will keep constant 7. of your health.
No More
Disasters ·Smart homes: They will prevent serious damage from 8. .
答案：1.switches 2. remote 3. automatic 4. record
5. check 6. warning 7. track 8. accidents
Step 3: Read the text again and choose the best answers.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 1
A. What benefits these smart homes will bring us.
B. We often forget to lock the door and switch off the TV or computer.
C. In the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away.
D. What will happen to our homes in the near future
答案：1. A
2. What will all controls in smart homes respond to
A. Switches. B. Knobs.
C. Voice commands. D. Remote controls.
3. What does the word “monitoring” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Secretly listening to other people’s telephone calls.
B. A child who has been chosen to help a teacher in some way in class.
C. A television or part of a computer with a screen.
D. Carefully watching and checking a situation in order to see how it changes over a period of time.
答案：2. C 3. D
4. What could be inferred from paragraph 4
A. Accidents can be prevented in smart homes.
B. The new technology is not available for most new homes at the moment.
C. Smart homes will detect a short in the electrical wiring and fix it.
D. Smart homes will provide you with all the information you need.
答案：4. B
Reading and Thinking (2)
1. persuade
【观察思考】
For example, the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade. (教材第14页)
例如,短语in my opinion告诉我们,这篇文章可能是为了说服。
I have persuaded him to make good use of his spare time to read more books.
=I have persuaded him into making good use of his spare time to read more books.
我已经说服了他好好利用空闲时间多读些书。
The doctor wanted to persuade him not to smoke, but he didn’t listen.
=The doctor wanted to persuade him out of smoking, but he didn’t listen.
医生想劝他不要抽烟,但他不听。
He has persuaded me of its truth. 他已经使我相信这是真的。
Our headteacher persuaded us that he was right.
我们的校长使我们相信他是对的。
【探究总结】
(1)persuade vt. 劝说;说服;使相信
①persuade sb sth=persuade sb doing sth 说服某人做某事
②persuade sb sth=persuade sb sth 说服某人不要做某事
③persuade sb sth 使某人相信某事
④persuade sb ... 使某人相信某事
(2)persuasion n. 说服;劝说
persuasive adj. 有说服力的
答案：(1)①to do into ②not to do out of doing ③of ④that
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①The man was so stubborn that no one could persuade him (do) so.
②I must find a way to persuade her into (leave) that house.
(2)完成句子。
None of us could (说服他不做) that.
答案：(1)①to do ②leaving
(2)persuade him out of doing/persuade him not to do
2. switch
【观察思考】
Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer (教材第14页) 或是你忘记过关掉电视或电脑吗
Switch on the recorder, please. I want to listen to some songs. 请打开录音机,我想听几首歌。
I don’t like to watch this. There’s a better programme than this on CCTV 6. Please switch over.
我不喜欢看这个。中央六台有比这更好看的节目。请换频道吧。
He was tired of teaching and as a result, switched to writing novels.
他厌倦了教学,结果改行写小说了。
【探究总结】
(1)switch vt. 转换;交换 vi. & vt. (使)改变;转变
①switch 关上(电灯、电视等);断掉(电源)
②switch 把开关打开;接通
③switch 换频道;换台
④switch ... 变换/转移到……
(2)switch n. 开关;转换器;改变
make a switch做出改变
答案：①off ②on ③over ④ to
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①I don’t like this movie. Let’s switch another.
②He switched the light as there was no one in the room.
③After the boy entered the house, he switched the TV and decided to watch the TV play.
答案：①to ②off ③on
3. instant
【观察思考】
Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. (教材第14页)
在你步入家门的一刹那,灯光亮起,你最喜爱的音乐或电视节目随即开启,而且你会发现晚餐也已备好。
I’ll be back in an instant. 我马上就回来。
He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.
他仍举着手站了一会儿。
Her voice is instantly recognisable.
她的声音一下子就能听出来。
【探究总结】
(1)instant n. 瞬间;片刻 adj. 立即的;速食的;速溶的
① Instant 一……就……
②in an instant 立刻;马上
③ an instant 一会儿,一时
(2)instantly adv. 立即;马上
the
for
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①Wait a moment. I’ll be with you an instant.
②I recognised him instant I saw him.
(2)句型转换。
Fortunately somebody who happened to be passing by called the fire department as soon as the fire broke out.
→Fortunately somebody who happened to be passing by called the fire department the fire broke out.
答案：(1)①in ②the (2)the instant
4. command
【观察思考】
All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey. (教材第14页)
所有的控制器都将响应语言指令,因此如果你想改变日程安排,你只需大声说出你的想法,家居系统就会照办。
I’m at your command—what would you like me to do
我听从你的吩咐——你要我做什么
The army is under the king’s command. 军队由国王统率。
He felt fully in command of the situation.
他觉得完全控制了局面。
Nobody can take command of the situation where everything is in a mess.
没有人能够控制这混乱的局面。
The police commanded that all the people present (should) stay still on the square.
=The police commanded all the people present to stay still on the square.
警察命令所有在场的人待在广场上别动。
【探究总结】
(1)command n. 指令;命令;控制;掌握
① sb’s command 听从某人支配/吩咐
② one’s command=under the command of sb 由某人指挥
③be command of掌握;控制
④take command 控制
⑤have a command of ... 了解/掌握……
(2)command vt. 命令;控制
①command sb sth命令某人做某事
②command that ... ... 命令……做……
答案：(1)①at ②under ③in ④of (2)①to do ②(should) do
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①Because of his years of hard work, he has good command of French now.
②She is in command our class at present.
(2)一句多译。
警察命令那个小偷上交他所偷的东西。
→The policeman commanded the thief ________ _______in what he had stolen.
→The policeman commanded that the thief______ _______in what he had stolen.
答案： (1) ①a ②of (2) to hand should hand
5. catch fire
【观察思考】
This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire. (教材第15页)
这样一来,你就能够在家里水流满地或着火前及时解决问题。
The whole house was on fire within minutes.
几分钟内,整栋房子就都烧了起来。
I believe the house was deliberately set fire to.
我认为有人蓄意放火烧这栋房子。
Put out the fire before going to bed.
睡觉之前先熄掉火。
【探究总结】
(1) fire 着火(动作)
(2)be fire 着火(状态)
(3)set fire (=set ... on fire) 放火(焚烧);激起;使激愤
(4)put the fire 扑灭火
答案：(1)catch (2)on (3)to (4)out
②He with a piece of wet carpet.
③The driver got out of the car directly it .
答案： ① set fire to ②put out the fire ③caught fire
【应用实践】
选择填空(catch fire/set fire to/put out the fire)。
①The man in black was about to the house when the police came.
6. available
【观察思考】
Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes. (教材第15页)
这些新近的革新中有许多已经唾手可得,并正在一些住宅中使用。
I would have gone to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
昨天晚上我本想去参加堂兄的生日聚会,但我没空。
All the teaching equipment is available to students.
学生们可以使用所有的教学设备。
【探究总结】
(1)available adj. ① ②__________
(2)常见搭配:
①be available sb 可被某人获得/利用的
②be available for 可供……之用
答案：(1) ①可获得的;可利用的;可购得的
②(人)有空的 (2)①to
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①The room is not available the conference.
②My bicycle is not available you because it is being repaired.
答案：①for ②toSection Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (1)
阅读理解
A
WASHINGTON—It starts out laying flat, like a sheet of paper. Then it springs up, almost lifelike, and folds into moveable parts much like Japanese paper origami(折纸) art. And then it crawls away.
This new kind of robot could someday be used in space exploration, to slide into collapsed building sites to aid the search and rescue, or to speed up production on assembly lines, experts said.
While this particular machine’s march to the world market is still years away, the report in the journal Science said the latest advances open the way to a new frontier in personalised robotics.
Not only is the material cheap—it cost just $100—it could be easily reprogrammed from one task to another, said Sam Felton, a researcher at Harvard University’s Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
“In the same way that if you have a Word document and you want to change a few words, you just reprint it at your home computer, you could take a robot’s digital plan, change a few things and reprint it,” Felton told reporters.
The thin robot is built of layers, including paper, a middle layer of copper into a network of electrical leads, and an outer layer of shape-memory polymers(聚合物) that fold when heated. Once the batteries and motors are activated(激活), the robot folds itself much like a child’s Transformer toy, and moves away like a crab.
Other potential uses could include self-assembling furniture,or even shelters that build themselves in disaster zones. “The exciting thing here is that you create this device that has computation(计算) put in the flat, printed version,” explained Daniela Rus, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). “And when these devices lift up from the ground into three-D, they do it in a thoughtful way.”
1. The author introduces the topic of the text by .
A. giving a description B. making a comparison
C. giving an example D. making a summary
解析: 推理判断题。分析文章第一段可知,作者首先对这款可以折叠的机器人进行了描述,通过此种方法引出文章的话题。
答案:A
2. The robot could be used to .
A. make paper origami art
B. make toys for children
C. do housework for humans
D. search for survivors in an earthquake
解析: 推理判断题。分析文章第二段可知,这款机器人可能会被用来在地震中搜救幸存者。
答案: D
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the robot
A. It has been put into wide use.
B. It doesn’t cost much to make it.
C. It is shaped like a crab.
D. It is made of rare materials.
解析: 细节理解题。由文章第四段中的“it cost just $100”可知,这款机器人所使用的材料很便宜,因此不需要花很多钱就可以制作这款机器人。
答案:B
B
(2021年·全国乙卷)
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
4. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users.
B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions.
D. Their complex design.
解析: 段落大意题。文中第二段主要讲述澳大利亚15岁以上的人群几乎人手一部移动手机,即移动手机深受澳大利亚人的欢迎。
答案:B
5. What does the underlined word“concede” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
解析: 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词后的“that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket ... emergencies”可知,这部分人中19%的人说从不使用座机,13%的人说保留座机是为了应急使用。由此可推知,前面是说三分之一保留座机的人承认座机并非必需品。concede与admit意思最为相近,意为“承认”。
答案:A
6. What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games.
B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones.
D. They are attached to their family.
解析: 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years”可知,84%的婴儿潮一代至今仍然使用家庭座机。
答案:C
7. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
解析: 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者提出疑问:离座机像煤气路灯和早上送奶到户一样消失还有多久 故可推测,座机会逐渐地从人们的视野中消失。
答案:B
C
Futurologists(未来学家) predict that life will probably be very different in 2050 in all the fields of activities, from entertainment to technology.
First of all, it seems that TV channels will have disappeared by 2050. Instead, people will choose a programme from a “menu” and a computer will send the programme directly to the television. Today, we can use the Internet to read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometres away. By 2050, music, films, programmes, newspapers and books will come to us by computer. We will also be able to see, smell and touch the things that we see on television.
In transport, cars will run on new, clean “gas” and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed and there won’t be any accidents. Today, many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it where you want to go. Space planes will fly all over the world and people will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just two hours.
In technology, robots will have replaced people in factories. Many factories already use robots. Big companies prefer robots—they do not ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere—in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops and homes.
Last but not least, medicine technology will have conquered many diseases. By 2050, we will be able to help blind and deaf people see again and hear again.
8. What can be the development of transport that benefits people most by 2050
A. Cars will go at a very high speed on their own.
B. Space planes will fly all over the world in a short time.
C. There will be less pollution and no car accidents.
D. Computers will tell people where they are going.
解析: 细节理解题。文章第三段前两句提及“clean ‘gas’”与“there won’t be any accidents”,因此C项正确。
答案:C
9. It can be implied in the passage that by 2050 .
A. people will live more healthily and longer
B. computers will control the speed of cars
C. people can read newspapers by computer
D. there will be no people working in factories
解析: 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Last but not least, medicine technology will have conquered many diseases.”判断,未来人们会更健康、更长寿。
答案:A
10. What is the author’s attitude towards people’s life in the future
A. Doubtful. B. Sad. C. Happy. D. Worried.
解析: 观点态度题。作者在叙述未来生活各个领域的变化时,给予了积极评价。因此选C。
答案:C
Reading and Thinking (2)
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. As the work can be divided among several people, it can be done_______(efficient).
2. Don’t let yourself be persuaded buying things that you don’t really want.
3. He shook me by the hand and we had a conversation
(instant).
4. Despite the (warn) from the local government, the travellers went to play by the sea.
5. He drove so fast that the car disappeared in the (distant) right away.
6. The prison was ordered to tighten (secure) after a prisoner escaped yesterday.
7. Not only can the technique be used to predict major diseases, but it also enables people to foresee the examinees’ food (prefer).
8. I’ve decided to block all the information from a friend, who
(constant) shares links to various healthy tips.
9. My parents thought it was (normal) for a boy to be interested in ballet.
10. I don’t think what he said is relevant the topic we are discussing.
答案: 1. efficiently 2. into 3. instantly
4. warning 5. distance 6. security
7. preferences 8. constantly 9. abnormal 10. to
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
along with, early on, in addition, switch off, come on, as to,
catch fire, lead to, in this sense,keep track of
1. When not in a room, you’d better all the lights and the fan.
2. This problem may more serious ones if left unsolved.
3. Bank statements help you where your money is going.
4. , we should make laws to prevent people throwing away rubbish everywhere.
5. Sarah, who has taken part in shows top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
6. I realised I’d never pass the exam.
7. Frank was very uncertain whether it was the right job for him.
8. It is known that stone buildings are not easy to .
9. , good crisis management also contributes to crisis prevention.
10. A dog started barking and lights in the house.
答案: 1. switch off 2. lead to 3. keep track of
4. In addition 5. along with 6. early on
7. as to 8. catch fire 9. In this sense 10. came on
Ⅲ. 语法填空
In the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment 1. (live) in.
In the future, we will be using 2. (advance) technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home 3. (use) integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by
4. (it). Your home will also learn your daily routine and
5. (prefer), so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud 6. you want and the home system will obey.
In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from
7. (accident).
This smart technology is not 8. fantasy. Many of these new
9. (innovate) are already available and being used in some homes. In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years 10. most new homes begin to use this new technology.
答案: 1. to live 2. advanced 3. will use 4. itself
5. preferences 6. what 7. accidents 8. a
9. innovations 10. before
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 完形填空
Recently we carried out a survey of 1,000 people from different countries to find out what they think 1 will be like in the future. The results clearly show both our hopes and fears.
The survey suggests that the 2 —one of the most important human relationships—will change greatly. People will make friends through the puters will become really 3 by 2050. Even now, some people describe them as their best friends! Others, 4 , say that we will become much more isolated(孤立的) from each other 5 we will have little real human communication.
Education will 6 a lot too. As more and more children will be using computers in school, certain abilities, such as mental arithmetic(心算), won’t be necessary. Even writing by hand will have become a thing of the 7 .
According to the survey, home life will be easier. Most people believe that by 2050 robots will be doing the housework and that we will be eating 8 food. A lot of people think that we might only cook for fun in the future. Space exploration will become increasingly 9 . Fifty percent of the people we talked to 10 that man will regularly visit Mars.
Pollution is something that seems to 11 many people. Some fear that it will continue to get worse, and that our planet will become 12 to live on. Others even 13 that one day we’ll have to pay for clean air.
14 , people seem to be quite optimistic about genetic engineering(遗传工程学), as they think scientists will use it to prevent diseases like cancer and AIDS.
No matter how dark or bright it may seem, it is up to us to 15 our planet and try to make it a better place.
1. A. education B. space C. nature D. life
答案:D
2. A. marriage B. leadership
C. friendship D. neighbourhood
答案:C
3. A. private B. perfect C. necessary D. expensive
答案:C
4. A. however B. instead C. anyhow D. therefore
答案:A
5. A. until B. unless C. because D. although
答案:C
6. A. provide B. complete C. receive D. change
答案:D
7. A. end B. past C. moment D. future
答案:B
8. A. unhealthy B. frozen C. overcooked D. ready-made
答案:D
9. A. famous B. cheap C. popular D. difficult
答案:C
10. A. doubt B. believe C. remember D. warn
答案:B
11. A. confuse B. frighten C. satisfy D. worry
答案:D
12. A. cold B. free C. suitable D. impossible
答案:D
13. A. expect B. promise C. predict D. wish
答案:C
14. A. As a result B. In other words
C. In a similar way D. On the other hand
答案:D
15. A. look after B. take over
C. pay for D. think about
答案:A
PAGE(共9张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
将来进行时
一、 将来进行时
1. 构成
【观察思考】
This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema to see a film.
明天这个时候他们将坐在电影院里看电影。
This time tomorrow I shall/will be flying to London.
明天这个时候我将在飞往伦敦的路上。
【探究总结】
将来进行时由“ ”构成,其否定式是在shall/will后加not,常与表示将来的时间状语(如tomorrow, this evening, this time tomorrow, next year, in two days等)连用。shall多用于第 人称。
shall/will be doing
一
2. 基本用法
【观察思考】
Don’t phone me between 8:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. tomorrow. We’ll be having classes then.
明天上午8点到9点之间不要给我打电话。我们那时正在上课。
I will be studying in America next year.
明年我将在美国学习。
When I arrive home, my mother will probably be waiting for me for lunch.
当我到家时,我妈妈可能正在等我吃午饭。
If you will be needing me for help, please let me know. 如果你需要我的帮助,请告诉我。
【探究总结】
(1)表示将来某一时间段内或某一时刻 的动作或存在的状态。常与表示 的时间状语连用。
(2)表示已经 好要发生的动作。
安排
正在进行
将来
(3)表示预测___________会发生的事。
(4)将来进行时用于疑问句、___________从句或I hope/think 等的宾语从句中,表示亲切或委婉的语气。
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (teach) a class at that time.
②—Could I use your car tomorrow morning
—Sure. I (write) a report at home then.
③At ten o’clock tomorrow, she (work) in her office.
可能
条件状语
④If you plant watermelon seeds in spring, you_____________(eat) fresh watermelon in autumn.
⑤Professor Wang (give) another talk on this subject at the same time next week.
答案:①will be teaching ②will be writing
③will be working ④will be eating ⑤will be giving
二、 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别
【观察思考】
I will be reading a book at 10:00 tomorrow morning.
明天上午10点我(肯定)正在看书。(将来正在进行的动作)
It is a terribly heavy box. Don’t worry. I’ll help you to carry it.
这是一个很重的箱子。别担心,我会帮你搬。(临时决定)
Fish will die without water. 鱼没有水就会死。
It will be snowing then in London.
那时伦敦可能在下雪。(强调主观上臆断和猜测)
Tom is going to cut the grass tomorrow.
汤姆明天打算去割草。(计划、打算和安排)
【探究总结】
(1)将来进行时表示 正在进行的动作。而一般将来时表示将来要做的事、事先没有考虑而只是在说话时做出的 的决定或表示事物的 性、规律性和习惯。
(2)be going to do表示 要发生或有迹象表明将要发生的事;而将来进行时表示 要发生某事。
答案: (1)将来某一时刻 临时 倾向
(2)计划、打算和安排 主观上臆断和猜测
【应用实践】
完成句子。
①This term will end in July and I (我就要回到家里去) in the country.
②I (应该正在看望) my grandmother at three this afternoon.
③Look at the lightning in the sky. It (要下雨了) soon, I’m afraid.
④ (你会感觉好些) if you take the medicine.
答案: ①will be going back home ②shall be visiting ③is going to rain ④You will feel better
