2019年高考英语真题解析卷-全国1卷

2019年高考英语真题（全国卷Ⅰ）
例：How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1.Where does this conversation take place
A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C.In a museum.
2.What does Jack want to do
A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule.
3.What are the speakers talking about
A. What to drink. B. Where to meet C. When to leave.
4.What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Colleges. B. Classmates. C. Strangers.
5.Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation
A. She might want a ticket. B. She is looking for the man. C. She has an extra ticket.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.How long did James run his business
A.10 years. B.13years. C.15 years.
7.How does the woman feel about James' situation
A. Embarrassed. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What has Kate's mother decided to do
A. Return to school. B. Change her job. C. Retire from work.
9.What did Kate's mother study at college
A. Oil painting. B. Art history. C. Business administration.
10.What is Kate's attitude toward her mother's decision
A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Understanding.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What is the man doing
A. Chairing a meeting. B. Hosting a radio program. C. Conducting a job interview.
12.What benefits Mary most in her job
A. Her wide reading. B. Her leaders' guidance. C. Her friends' help
13.Who will Mary talk about next
A. Her teacher. B. Her father C. Her mother.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.Why does the man seldom do exercise
A. He lacks motivation. B. He has a heart problem. C. He works all the time.
15.What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do
A. He's an athlete. B. He's a researcher. C. He's a journalist.
16.Why does the woman speak of a study
A. To encourage the man. B. To recommend an exercise. C. To support her findings.
17.How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly
A.300 minutes. B.150 minute. C.75 minutes.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.What did the scientists do to the road
A. They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it
19.Why are young birds drawn to the road surface
A. It's warm. B. It's brown. C. It's smooth.
20.What is the purpose of the scientists' experiment
A. To keep the birds there for a whole year.
B. To help students study the birds well.
C. To prevent the birds from being killed.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Need a Job This Summer
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
21. What is special about Summer Company
A. It requires no training before employment. B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment. D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.
23. Which program favors the disabled
A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
B
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s, nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should …”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
24. What made Chris nervous
A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
C
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
A. Computers are much easier to operate. B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person. D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A. It'll be environment-friendly. B. It'll reach consumers soon.
C. It'll be made of plastics. D. It'll help speed up typing.
31. Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary. B.A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
D
　　During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
　　Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
　　Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
　　In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
　　Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
33.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids
A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
　　We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 36 According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
　　 37 If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
　　Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.
　　 40 While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 —low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary
school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. I
stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started
to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
　第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
写信目的
个人优势
能做的事情
注意：
词数100左右;
可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
结束语已为你写好。
英语试题答案
第一部分：听力
【听力原文】
Text 1
W: Excuse me, sir. Visiting hours are over now. Your wife must get some rest.
M: Oh, I’m sorry, doctor. I didn’t hear the bell, or I would have left earlier.
Text 2
M: Hello, my name is Jack. I need to get in shape. How do I register for the classes
W: We’ll need you to join the gym, and then you could find out which classes fit your schedule the best.
Text 3
W: I’ll see you at the theatre.
M: Better still, let’s meet in the Red Lion bar to have a nice little talk.
W: Good idea. And I’d love to have a drink there.
Text 4
M: Hello, my name is John Arbor. And I’m calling to ask about the position advertised in Friday’s Daily Mail.
W: Yes, the position is still open. You could come over and have a talk with us.
Text 5
M: I have an extra ticket to the concert tonight. Would you like to join me
W: Thanks! But I already have one. You can ask Emily. She might be interested.
Text 6
W: Did you know James went out of business
M: Really When was that
W: Last month.
M: That’s too bad. He had owned that business for 15 years. What happened
W: I don’t know. But life must be pretty tough for his family now. His sons are still so young; one is 13, and the other is 10.
M: Well, maybe things are not as bad as they seem to be.
W: I hope so.
Text 7
W: Guess what My mother’s decided to go back to school!
M: Why
W: Well, she always loved art, but learned business administration at college because her parents thought it was difficult for an artist to find a job.
M: So, she wants to study art now
W: Yeah, oil painting. It’s been her dream for a long time.
M: It’s nice to return to learn what she loves. But, Kate, I still think old age should be about peace and relaxation. Hurrying to school every day and having to pass exams sounds a bit too much for her.
W: You know, she retired last year and I’m leaving for the university soon. She needs to find something interesting to do.
M: Well, maybe, if it’s what she wants.
Text 8
M: Dear listeners, for today’s show, I have with me my colleague, Mary Laney. She has been a radio TV reporter for many years. Mary, welcome to our show.
W: It’s a pleasure to be here.
M: Would you please tell our listeners who most influenced your decision to become a reporter
W: Both my parents had a great influence upon my choice of work. Instead of trying to pick out a job for me, they helped me learn those things that led me to it.
M: How did they do that
W: My father always told me that an education was one of the greatest advantages I could have, one that would always stay with me. He used to tell me that readers were leaders, and encouraged me to read all I could. As a result, I’ve always kept up with the newspapers, faithfully read news magazines and learned to really enjoy books, all of which have been an invaluable help to me in radio and television reporting.
M: What about your mother
W: Well, my mother helped me in a much different way.
Text 9
M: We all know that exercise is good for us. But sometimes it seems too hard to leave the sofa.
W: I can see that. You seldom do exercise.
M: Plus, having the doctor tell us to get two and a half hours of exercise a week doesn’t really help our motivation much.
W: Don’t be discouraged. Now, a new study suggests getting benefits from exercise doesn’t have to be that demanding. Jacob Sattelmair from Harvard University has done a study into how much exercise is needed to lower the risk of heart attacks.
M: Hmm... interesting.
W: The study showed that people who put in 300 minutes a week of exercise had a 20% lower risk of death due to heart disease. Still, the people who exercise 150 minutes a week did pretty well, too, lowering their death risk by 14%.
M: And what about the people who exercise half as much as that, like what I probably do Does that help
W: Of course. Even 15 minutes would help.
Text 10
W: Here is a piece of news for bird lovers. Scientists have painted a long road red, yellow, and white. They hope to discourage the seabirds from wandering onto the highway. “The area is home to large crowds of birds that come to stay for the season. Young birds are often attracted to the warm road surface and get killed by the traffic,” biology student Hannah tells the broadcaster. The youngsters’ feathers are brown in color. The dark-colored road surface makes the youngsters hard to be noticed. As the number of tourists has grown, so has the amount of traffic on the roads. Biologist Kristin says the plan is to see how the birds respond to the multi-colored road this summer. And if it works, the idea could spread to other parts of the country.
【答案】1~5：BABCA 6~10：CBACC 11~15：BACAB 16~20：ACBAC
第二部分：阅读理解
第一小节：
A
B。【解析】由原文Summer Company一段中“...awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses”可知该公司为学生提供创业奖金，故选B。
B。【解析】根据文中Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中“Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire...”可知选D。
D。【解析】由题干中the disabled寻找原文，根据Summer Employment Opportunities中最后一句“...for a person with disability”可知选D。
B
B。【解析】第二段段首出现“But he’s nervous”，联系上下文发现第一段末尾的“public speaking”是焦虑的原因，故选B。
A。【解析】improper pauses意为不必要的停顿；bad manners意为高傲无礼；Spelling mistakes意为拼写错误；Silly jokes意为无聊、愚蠢的笑话。由于文章背景为做演讲，且前文提到他因过于紧张而支支吾吾，故选A。
A。【解析】由第五段可知，Whaley从一次和学生的互动中感受到学生们对自己并没有信心，从而产生“want these kids to learn to boast about themselves”的想法，故选A。
C。【解析】根据第四段“a great teacher to lets you make mistakes”和第五段Whaley对学生们缺乏自信感到担忧并设法帮助他们正视自己推测选C。
C
D。【解析】联系第一段“to keep others out of private e-spaces”和“are still expensive”和紧第二段“they have come up with a low-cut device”推测可知选D。
C。【解析】由第二段“”This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with ... to each key”可知smart keyboard 是基于对用户的打字习惯的信息收集从而达到保护用户隐私的作用。不同用户的打字习惯就是smart keyboard根据操作者的行为进行防护的主要标准，故选C。
B。【解析】由最后一段“The team hops to make it to market in the near future.”可知最大期望是把这种设备尽快投入市场，故选B。
D。【解析】由关键词“biometric technologies”和本文的主要内容可知本文是一片科技类说明文，故可在杂志上看到，故选D。
D
C。【解析】由篇首句中“I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes”可知我乐于分享，故选C。
A。【解析】第二段主要讲述Mitch Prinstein将popular分为两类：the likable和the status seekers，故选A。
B。【解析】由第三段可知“be more aggressive”是the least well-liked kids的特点，故排除A；根据最后一段""Being liked creates opportunities... gain an advantage，" he said．可知B正确；由第二段“Those who were highest in status... in elementary school.”可排除C选项；D项未提及。
A。【解析】根据倒数第二和最后一可分析出可知本文主要是讲了要需会分享，要友善，要好好和别人相处，A选项符合。根据Those who were highest in status in high schoo... in dangerous and risky behavior"可知B项内容错误；C项内容太片面；D项与文章内容无关。
第二小节：
E。【解析】根据后文“According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES”可知此处是个一般疑问句，故选E。
A。【解析】根据后一句“If the air you're breathing is ... energizing oxygen”可知A项符合。
G。【解析】由空后的“patients”可知该处应与医院等疗养地相关，故选G。
C。【解析】前文中的tree branches与nature对应，后一句It gives us a great feeling of peace指在自然中，和C项"Being in nature refreshes us"相吻合．故答案为C。
D。【解析】由空后“sun’s rays”可知句首应选含“sunlight”的D项。
第三部分：语言运用
第一节：
D。【解析】前文提到了很多人去游览时将垃圾废物带到了山上，故选D。
C。【解析】根据上文40，000 people可知，这些人可能破坏这个地方的美，故选C。
C。【解析】由“The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing”可知人类的活动影响了地貌，故选C。
B。【解析】此处是指作者通过游客对自然环境的破坏而对“（游览）乞力马扎罗山是更纯正的自然之行”这一说法的怀疑，故选B。
A。【解析】由后文“much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of”可知作者是“发现”情况有所改观，故选A。
C。【解析】由后文“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知这里指垃圾堆里面的营地，故选C。
D。【解析】后文举了营地和小路附近设置了洗手间的例子，故此处指山地变得干净了，故选D。
C。【解析】根据文章内容可知环境挑战是重大的，故选C。
A。【解析】由上文“ the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be”推测做出的努力没有白费。pay off意为“付清；解雇；取得成功”；spread out意为“伸展；分散；铺设”；blow up意为“（使）爆炸；爆发；发怒”；fade away意为“消失；衰退；消散”。故选A。
B。【解析】结合上文“natural experience”和下文“isn't reaching the top”可知应选B。
D。【解析】由“as spiritual places by many cultures”可知此处指很多文化都将山峰作为一种精神的象征，故选D。
A。【解析】空前的this提示此处是承接上句进行详细分析。此处指这种对于山峰的敬畏、崇敬等精神寄托在乞力马扎罗山上更为明显。故选A。
B。【解析】由“go though five ecosystems”可知需要经历以千米计的行程、跨过五种生态系统的人们更可能是登山者，故选B。
D。【解析】前文提到最下方是雨林，空后提到的是灌木类，后文环境变成了草地。由此可见是指自然环境的变化，故选D。
A。【解析】破折号后提及云朵低垂覆住了山腰，且生长的植物类型从高大乔木变成了草。所以选A，气候的变化导致了这类景观的出现。
C。【解析】由下文“twelve shades of green from where I stand”可知作者数了12种草的色调，故选C。
B。【解析】由空后例举的gravel（砂石），stone（石头）和rocks（山岩）可知此处的地貌为高原沙漠，故选B。
D。【解析】由后文讲到出现冰雪可知已经达到了接近峰顶的部分，故选D。
A。【解析】根据前面arctic-like可知此处指像极地一样亘古不化的冰雪，故选A。
B。【解析】由后文“opposite is true”可知前一句的否定意义才是事实。故排除C和D。enjoy a reputation常指享有美誉，故不适合。由下文“its reputation as a crowded mountain”可知此处指乞力马扎罗山配得它的拥挤的山的名声吗，故选B。
第二节：
that。【解析】空后句子成分完整，所以该句为同位语从句，故用that连接。
poorly。【解析】此空修饰后面的studied，故用副词形式。
of/for。【解析】method后接of 或for 表示某种问题的解决办法。
to perform。【解析】be +形容词+动词不定式是英语的固定句型，其中动词不定式做主语补足语，故填to perform。
have reported。【解析】由句子前面“In recent years”和句意可知此处应用现在完成时态。
belief。【解析】由空前的冠词a 可知此处应用名词形式。
noting。【解析】空前by是介词，故此处要用动名词形式。
higher。【解析】由空后的than可知此处要用比较级形式。
the。【解析】此句是将of放在句首以强调，还原之后应该是“three of the nineteen...”“six of the nineteen...”等，故填定冠词。
are。【解析】根据前文“three are”可知此处用are。six代表的是19个亚群中的六个，是复数含义。
第四部分：写作
第一节：短文改错
interesting改为interested。【解析】become interested in为固定搭配，意为“开始对……感兴趣”。
where改为when。【解析】此处为时间状语从句，表示是作者在上小学时的一个下午。
football前加a。【解析】football为可数名词且并表泛指事物，故在football 前加a。
but改为and。【解析】but前后内容“球飞过来”和“差点打到我”不构成转折，故改为and。
hardly改为hard。【解析】本句应为用力踢，在这里hard 为副词。hardly意为“几乎不”。
surprising改为surprise。【解析】to one’s surprise为固定用法，意为“令某人惊讶的是”。
player改为players。【解析】前有All the 修饰，且player为可数名词，故此处用复数形式。
say改为saying。【解析】此处为非谓语动词作状语的用法。say为队员主动发出的动作，所以用分词形式。
now改为then。【解析】本文时态是一般过去时，此处表示的是“自那时起”，所以改为from then on。from now on．表示“从现在起”，故now 改成 then。
play my football去掉my。【解析】此处为固定用法，指进行足球运动，故去掉my。
第二节：书面表达
One Possible Version:
Dear sir，
I am a Chinese student named Li Hua. I am studying in London during the summer vacation. Knowing that the local art gallery will hold an exhibition of Chinese paintings, I am writing to apply for volunteering.
As a student who has learned Chinese painting for more than ten years , I am willing to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners. Additionally, my fluent spoken English and rich knowledge about Chinese paintings will help visitors understand the meaning behind each painting greatly．
I will appreciate it if you will give me the opportunity. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
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