中考语法--情态动词专项讲解与练习
情态动词本身有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的 和 ，这样的动词称为情态动词。情态动词没有 和 的变化。
常用的情态动词有can, could, may, might, will, would, should, must, need, 等。
一、can, could的用法
1. can的用法
（1）表示 、 、 。
如：Can you speak English 中文： ？
Can you play the piano ？
She can swim fast, but I can’t. 。
I can see with my eyes. 。
（2）表示 或者 。
如：Can I help you 我能帮助你吗？You can’t play basketball. 你不能玩篮球。
Can you...？“请你……好吗？”表示说话人的请求；Can I...？“我可以……吗？”
用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事。如在句末加上 please一词就显得更有礼貌了。例如：
Can you help me, please ？
You can use my dictionary. 。
（3）表示 ，意为“可能”，常用与否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“ ”。
如：Can the news be true 这个消息会是真的吗？
The moon can’t always be full. 月亮不可能常圆。
注意：can和be able to的用法和区别
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形和过去式两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。
另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。
如：Jim can’t speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。
I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly. 我相信你能迅速地完成。
2. could的用法
（1） 的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力、可能性或允许：
如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
I could run faster then.那时我能跑得更快。
It could be no better at that time.那时好得不能再好了。
（2）在疑问句中，表示 的语气，此时could没有过去的意思。
如：Could you do me a favour 你能帮我个忙吗？
Exercise 1
1. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
3. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. Can
二、may, might的用法
都表 或 ，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
如：You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
May I come in？我可以进来吗？
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。
Exercise 2
1.--Is John coming by train
--He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
3. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
A. may B. might C. can D. could
三、must, have to的用法
1. 两词都是“ ”的意思，
have to 表示 的需要，
must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即 的必要。
如：My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2. have to有 、 、 的变化，而must只有一种形式。
如：He had to look after his sister at home yesterday. 昨天他不得不在家照看妹妹。
3. 在否定结构中： 表示“不必”
表示“禁止”，
如：
You don't have to tell him about it. 。
You mustn't tell him about it. 。
--Must I finish the homework right now
我现在必须完成家庭作业吗？
--Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. 是的。
(--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不，不必。)
4. must be+表语，表示推测，它的否定和疑问形式用can代替must。
如：This must be your pen. 这个一定是你的钢笔。
Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital. 你姐姐一定是这家医院的医生。
Exercise 3
1. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
2. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.
A. need B. must C. should D. may
3. Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts.
A. must B. can C. may D. should
四、should的用法
（1）用来提供帮助、提出建议，要求对方给出意见。
如：Should I help you with the community affairs 我可以帮你做一些社区事务吗？
Should we clean the classroom now 现在我们可以打扫教室吗？
（2）表达义务、职责等。
如：I think today’s children should really learn to respect their elders.
我认为今天的孩子应该好好学习尊敬长辈。
You should （= ought to ） tell your mother about it at once. 你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。
He should work harder. 他应该更加努力。
You should help your mother with the housework. 你应该帮你母亲做家务。
Exercise 4
--Shall I tell John about the bad news
--No, you ______. I think that will make him sad.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
五、will, would的用法
1. 表示“将、将要、自愿做…”等。
如：People will die without air or water. 。
I will do my best. 。
2. would like； Would like to do = 想要，为固定搭配。
如：Would you like to go with me ？
3. Will you… Would you like… 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
如：Would you like some cake 你想要一些蛋糕吗？
Exercise 5
1. ______ I know your name
A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must
2. What kinds of homes will we live in the future Nobody ______ be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.
A. will B. may C. can D. must
3. --Could I borrow your dictionary
-- Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
六、need的用法
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1. need的用法
（1）need可用作实义动词,意为"需要；必要",后面可接名词、动名词或动词不定式等作宾语。注意"need doing"表示 意义,相当于need to be done。例如：
I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore. 。
How often does your hair need washing (need to be washed) ？
（2）need可用作情态动词,通常用于疑问句和否定句中,后接动词原形。这时need没有人称和数的变化,也没有时态的变化，need后加do，否定形式为 。例如：
It's only eight o'clock. Need you go so early 才八点。你需要去这么早吗？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我必须去/ 不，我不需要了。
You needn't tell him about it as I have told him. 你不必跟他说那件事，我已经告诉他了。
Exercise 6
1. --Must I stay at home, Mum
--No, you ______.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. may not
2. --How long ______ the book be kept
--For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time.
A. can; may B. may; need C. can; must D. must; need
七、had better的用法
表示“ ”，相当于一个助动词，只有一种形式，后面要跟动词原形，否定词形式为 。
如：It is pretty cold. You’d better put on my coat.
You had better go now
He'd(=He had) better do it now他最好现在做
She'd better not cry她最好别哭
Exercise 7
1. You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A. had better got B. had to get better C. had better to get D. had better get
2. You ____ be late.
A. had netter B. had better not C. had better don’t D. had not better
How to use
1. 今天学了哪些情态动词？
2. 情态动词有什么特点？
3. 特别注意既可以做实义动词又可以做情态动词的词。怎样辨别他们什么时候是情态动词？什么时候是实义动词？
Exercise 8
一、选择题
1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
2. -- May I stop here -- No, you _____.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
3. Mike, you ______ play with fire. You______ burn yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. don’t have to; must D. have got to; shouldn’t
4. You ______ see the doctor, Joe. You don’t look very well.
A. must B. shall C. may D. can
5. -- Must I clean the window now
-- No, you ______.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. may not
6. Jack’s ill, so they ______ change their plans.
A. must B. should C. have to D. ought to
二、在下列各句的空白处填上适当的情态动词。
1. Lily swim when she was five years old.
2. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
3. --- I sleep at 9:00 every evening, Mum
---No, you needn’t.
4. The girl train tigers by herself.中考语法--情态动词专项讲解与练习
情态动词本身有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，这样的动词称为情态动词。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
常用的情态动词有can, could, may, might, will, would, should, must, need, 等。
一、can, could的用法
1. can的用法
（1）表示能力、许可、可能性。
如：Can you speak English 你会讲英语吗？
Can you play the piano 你会弹钢琴吗？
She can swim fast, but I can’t. 她能游得快，但我不能。
I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。
（2）表示请求或者许可。
如：Can I help you 我能帮助你吗？You can’t play basketball. 你不能玩篮球。
Can you...？“请你……好吗？”表示说话人的请求；Can I...？“我可以……吗？”用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事。如在句末加上 please一词就显得更有礼貌了。例如：
Can you help me, please 请你帮助我好吗？
You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
（3）表示推测，意为“可能”，常用与否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。
如：Can the news be true 这个消息会是真的吗？
The moon can’t always be full. 月亮不可能常圆。
注意：can和be able to的用法和区别
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形和过去式两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。
如：Jim can’t speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。
I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly. 我相信你能迅速地完成。
2. could的用法
（1）can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力、可能性或允许：
如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
I could run faster then.那时我能跑得更快。
It could be no better at that time.那时好得不能再好了。
（2）在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去的意思。
如：Could you do me a favour 你能帮我个忙吗？
Exercise 1
1. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
3. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
Key:BDD
二、may, might的用法
都表请求或允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
如：You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
May I come in？我可以进来吗？
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。
Exercise 2
1. -Is John coming by train --He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
3. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
A. may B. might C. can D. could
Key:DCB
三、must, have to的用法
1. 两词都是“必须”的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。
如：My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。
如：He had to look after his sister at home yesterday. 昨天他不得不在家照看妹妹。
3. 在否定结构中：don't have to 表示“不必”
mustn't 表示“禁止”，
如：You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
---Must I finish the homework right now
我现在必须完成家庭作业吗？
---Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. 是的。
(---No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不，不必。)
4. must be+表语，表示推测，它的否定和疑问形式用can代替must。
如：This must be your pen. 这个一定是你的钢笔。
Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital. 你姐姐一定是这家医院的医生
Exercise 3
1. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
2. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.
A. need B. must C. should D. may
3. Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts.
A. must B. can C. may D. should
Key:BDC
四、should的用法
（1）用来提供帮助、提出建议，要求对方给出意见。
如：Should I help you with the community affairs 我可以帮你做一些社区事务吗？
Should we clean the classroom now 现在我们可以打扫教室吗？
（2）表达义务、职责等。
如：I think today’s children should really learn to respect their elders.
我认为今天的孩子应该好好学习尊敬长辈。
You should （= ought to ） tell your mother about it at once. 你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。
He should work harder. 他应该更加努力。
You should help your mother with the housework. 你应该帮你母亲做家务。
Exercise 4
–Shall I tell John about the bad news
--No, you ______. I think that will make him sad.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
Key:C
五、will, would的用法
1. 表示“将、将要、自愿做…”等。
如：People will die without air or water. 人离开水和空气将会死的。
I will do my best. 我将会尽力而为。
2. would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。
如：Would you like to go with me 你想和我一起走吗？
3. Will you… Would you like… 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
如：Would you like some cake 你想要一些蛋糕吗？
Exercise 5
1. ______ I know your name
A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must
2. What kinds of homes will we live in the future Nobody ______ be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.
A. will B. may C. can D. must
3. –Could I borrow your dictionary -- Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
Key:ACC
六、need的用法
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1. need的用法
（1）need可用作实义动词,意为"需要；必要",后面可接名词、动名词或动词不定式等作宾语。注意"need doing"表示被动意义,相当于need to be done。例如：
I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore. 我需要一本词典,因此我要去趟书店。
How often does your hair need washing (need to be washed) 你的头发需要多久洗一次？
（2）need可用作情态动词,通常用于疑问句和否定句中,后接动词原形。这时need没有人称和数的变化,也没有时态的变化，need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：
It's only eight o'clock. Need you go so early 才八点。你需要去这么早吗？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我必须去/ 不，我不需要了。
You needn't tell him about it as I have told him. 你不必跟他说那件事，我已经告诉他了。
Exercise 6
1. –Must I stay at home, Mum --No, you ______.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. may not
2. –How long ______ the book be kept
--For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time.
A. can; may B. may; need C. can; must D. must; need
Key:AC
七、had better的用法
表示“最好”，相当于一个助动词，只有一种形式，后面要跟动词原形，否定词形式为had better not。
如：It is pretty cold. You’d better put on my coat. 天很冷，你最好把我的大衣穿上。
You had better go now你最好现在就走
He'd(=He had) better do it now. 他最好现在做。
She'd better not cry. 她最好别哭。
Exercise 7
1. You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A. had better got B. had to get better C. had better to get D. had better get
2. You ____ be late.
A. had netter B. had better not C. had better don’t D. had not better
Key:DB
1. 今天学了哪些情态动词？
2. 情态动词有什么特点？
3. 特别注意既可以做实义动词又可以做情态动词的词。怎样辨别他们什么时候是情态动词？什么时候是实义动词？
Exercise 8
一、选择题
1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
2. — May I stop here — No, you _____.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
3. Mike, you ______ play with fire. You______ burn yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. don’t have to; must D. have got to; shouldn’t
4. You ______ see the doctor, Joe. You don’t look very well.
A. must B. shall C. may D. can
5. —Must I clean the window now
—No, you ______.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. may not
6. Jack’s ill, so they ______ change their plans.
A. must B. should C. have to D. ought to
Key:CABABC
二、在下列各句的空白处填上适当的情态动词。
1. Lily swim when she was five years old.
2. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
3. --- I sleep at 9:00 every evening, Mum
---No, you needn’t.
The girl train tigers by herself.
Key:1.could 2.might 3.must 4.can
