人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit1Science Fiction Grammar被动语态复习课件(33张ppt)

(共33张PPT)
chairwoman
gramme
flour
venue
salesman
alien
n. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长
n. 克（重量单位）
n.面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉
n. 活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）
n. 售货员；推销员
n. 外星人（生物）；外国人
adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的
Words and expressions
Review useful structure
Unit 1 Learning About Language
Somebody cleans this room everyday.
This room is cleaned everyday.
Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
This room was cleaned yesterday.
Compare
在英语中，语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态和被动语态都是指动词的形式而言。
在主动语态中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即主语是动作的执行者；而在被动语态中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即主语是动作的承受者。
Have a
Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
1. It was going to be tested out by Lorry's wife, Claire.
2. ... , but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.
3. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.
4. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, ...
5. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, ...
6. The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.
7. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought.
8. Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed, would be ready.
Focus on
基本用法
1. 了解被动语态结构;
2. 能够正确理解并运用被动语态。
3. 使用被动语态的注意事项。
4. 主动形式表被动意义的情况。
复习被动语态
Review the Passive Vioce
指出句中的主谓宾语。
We kept food in the fridge.
We must close the windows and the door.
S
V.
O.
S
V.
O.
Food was kept (by us) in the fridge.
The windows and the door must be closed.
使用被动语态的情况：
Sugar cane is grown in the south.
The song The East is Red was written by a poor peasant.
1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。
2. 强调动作的承受者。
The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.
Margaret was given some bad advice about selecting courses.
3. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。
4. 出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作执行者。
各个时态的被动语态构成：
各个时态的被动语态构成：
am/is/are+ V-ed
am/is/are+being+V-ed
was/were+ V-ed
was/were+being+V-ed
have/has+been+V-ed
had+been+V-ed
shall/will+be+V-ed
be going to+be+V-ed
must be+V-ed
should have+been+V-ed
This room belongs to me.
When will the sports meeting take place
1. 不及物动词, 不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。常见的有：appear, disappear, break out, come true, run out, date back, happen, go on, take place, belong to,等。
They made him go there alone.
He was made (go) there alone.
2. make, see, hear, watch, notice等感官动词或使役动词：在主动语态里，作宾补的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to要还原。
to go
We gave him the letter.
The letter was given to him.
He was given the letter.
3. 带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，用for或者to引出表示人的间接宾语。
She often looks after the old.
The old are often looked after by her.
4. 动词短语(动词+介/副)在主谓结构中不可分割，在被动句中，不可去掉后面的介词或者副词。
You should protect your skin to avoid getting
(sunburn) when you go out in the hot sun.
5. get + done, 也可以表示被动含义。
sunburnt
It is said that …
It is reported that …
It is hoped that …
It is well known that …
It is believed that …
It must be pointed out that …
6. 在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。
① The long novel was written by Mr. Lu Xun in the 1920s.
② The long novel is well written, isn’t it
③ The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.
④ Look, the glass is broken! Who broke it
被动语态
被动语态
系表结构
系表结构
6. 注意区别被动语态与系表结构：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，V-ed表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。
① The door doesn’t shut.
② This type of car sells well in China.
(1)当open, close, shut, lock, move, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry, write, read, sell, wash, measure 等用作不及物动词且表示主语某种属性时；
主动形式表被动意义的情况
① Your advice sounds practical.
② The food tastes delicious.
(2)连系动词(look, sound, smell, feel, taste, remain等)后接表语时；
主动形式表被动意义的情况
The house needs cleaning.
(3)当want, need, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后跟V-ing时；
The house needs to be cleaned.
主动形式表被动意义的情况
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs.
Practice
1. My sister __________ (offer) a good chance to go abroad for further education.
2. A book ____________ (read) more than once if you want to understand it better.
3. Every possible means ____________ (use) to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear.
4. - George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding
- No. I _________________ (invite). Did they have a big wedding
was offered
must be read
has been used
hadn’t been invited
1 What is done cannot _________. (undo)
2 Janet _____________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should ____________ to the cake mix. (add)
4 A 3,000-seat venue _________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
5 Working efficiency ________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage ______ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
7 It is a great honour for me to _________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman's salary ________ at the meeting. (discuss)
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to ______ to a top university. (admit)
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
P5 2
1 What is done cannot _________. (undo)
2 Janet _____________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add)
4 A 3,000-seat venue __________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
5 Working efficiency _________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve)
be undone
was elected
be added
will be built
has been improved
Check your answers
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage ______ __________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
7 It is a great honour for me to _________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman's salary _________________ at the meeting. (discuss)
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to _____________ to a top university. (admit)
is allowed
be invited
was being discussed
be admitted
Science fiction ______ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and _______. The Three-Body Problem, _______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume ______ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book ______ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
The Three Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye ______ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao ________ in a popular online game called "Three Body", in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ______ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilizations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to ______ when you go on reading.
explore translate discover regard represent
set up recruit write get caught up connect
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
P5 3
Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and _________. The Three-Body Problem, _______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume ______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book ___________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
Check your answers
written
was translated
represented
is regarded
discovered
The Three Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye ___________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ____________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called "Three Body", in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ______ And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilizations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to __________ when you go on reading.
was recruited
is connected
set up
get caught up
be explored
2. 主动语态改为被动语态的三个步骤：
a. 把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语；
b. 把主动句的谓语变成be+V-ed，时态与原句保持一致；
c. 把主动句的主语变成由by引导的的宾格形式，放在被动句的谓语之后，by短语可以省略。
1. 复习被动语态的各种形式。
1. And, as more children were born, more food ____________ (need). （2020年浙江）
2. The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms.
（2020年山东）
3. Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ____________ (construct)”. （2020年新课标卷Ⅰ）
4. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ___________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. （2019年新课标Ⅲ）
was needed
are called
is constructed
were invited
实战高考
Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given.
I __________ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday.
English _________ (find) very useful.
3. The work ______________ (finish)
tomorrow.
4. The flowers ________________ (water) by them now.
was given
is found
will be finished
are being watered
5. The railway ______________ (build)
this time last year.
6. The new way ____ already _________
(build).
7. The new railway _____________ (build)
by the end of last year.
8. He told me the sports meeting
_____________ (hold) the next month.
9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of the
States.
was being built
has
been built
had been built
would be held
is grown