中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
03 六/七/五选五之词汇衔接 备战2022中考英语总复习
板块一：知识讲解
一：词汇衔接分类
具体分为三种：代词、同义词/近义词、上下义词/同一范畴词对应关系。
1. 代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
例题：…The new de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sign was well received by the reception staff of the hotel chain._________
正确选项句子为：They all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )believe that its introduction has led to a modern , more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them.
例题分析：选项中的they是一个复数人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数主格代词，对应空格前句中的staff。staff是一个集合名词（全体员工），是个复数概念。代词中有一类叫不定代词，常见的有：one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many, these, this等，特别要注意它们所指代的名词概念的单复数性质，考生如果对此比较敏感，对解题有很大的帮助。
例题：It is important, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us.__________ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.
正确选项句子为： The resear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch made by the company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.
例题分析：空格后的句末in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )both these areas中both这个不定代词提示考生空格中一定出现两个并列的名词概念，即fashion and value。当然该题也可通过同义词对应解题：选项中的expect对应空格前的want,表“需求”。
2. 同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
例题：Laura As ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings. _____.
正确的选项是：These tradit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ional products created a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere.
例题分析：空格前句中的old和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )选项中的traditional是近义词，是很明显的同义对应关系。有的时候，如果选项中出现空格前后句里相同的词汇，尤其是实词（特别是名词），这往往是很好的提示。这就是所谓的同词重复现象。
例题：51 You do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you．
正确选项为Everyone has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real．
例题分析：空格后句和空格里都出现了personality，secret，在读选项的时候很容易注意到这个同词重复的解题线索。【出处：21教育名师】
3. 上下义词/同一范畴词
什么是上下义词和同一范畴词？举个例子你们就 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )明白了。Fruit和apple之间就是上下义词，因为前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。Apple和orange之间则是同一范畴的关系，都属于fruit。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
例题：A recently study ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works’ time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. ______.
正确的选项是：These figures ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.
例题分析：选项中的these fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gures 提示我们前句一定出现了大于等于三个数字，figure/number/ data等都是表示“数字、数据”的意思，空格前面出现了三个百分数，属于数字的一种，是上下义词的关系。
例题：Certain ke ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear, where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. ____________.All of these have reported an increase in market share.
正确的选项是：Other ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie, （女士内衣） gifts and home ware.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
例题分析：空格后句开头的al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l of these 提示我们空格里面肯定出现大于等于三个并列的名词概念，正是选项中的lingerie（女士内衣）, gifts（礼品）and home ware（家居用品），这三个名词与前句中的menswear(男士服装)属于同一范畴类的事物，都是百货商店中的常见商品类别。从这道例题我们还能得出这样一个有用的结论：很多题目的衔接可能不止一个，我们可以从不同的角度来解题或对答案进行验证。
4)数字线索
包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )umbers, rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。
Researchers analyzed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores． 72 Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit．In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar．
正确答案为They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all．从数字60 percent，空后11和空前的28可以推出此空与数字有关。再从空中的them和空后的the 11 products可以推测前面提到了products.
板块二：例题讲解
（A）
What should China be proud of 1
A foreign girl living ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in China tells us what she has heard and seen in China.
Jenny is from En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gland. 2 Ai Hua loves China and Chinese. Six years ago, she came to China to study at Tsinghua University. 3 The following is what China is like in her eyes:
I'm intereste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d in not only China's history and culture, but also its traditional festivals. 4 There are a lot of places of interest in China. And the food in China is amazing. 5 What's more, it's not difficult for you to find a new job in China.21教育网
A Now she teaches English in a middle school.
B. Different people have different ideas.
C. Her students like to hear her stories about China.2·1·c·n·j·y
D She gives herself a Chinese name Ai Hua
E. People usually h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave big dinners and send Christmas cards to each other.
F I like roast duck in Beijing and hot pot in Si Chuanwww.21-cn-jy.com
G I like Chinese Spring Festival most of all.
空格前后句分析：
1：空格前What should China be proud of 中国应该为..感到骄傲自豪？后句应该是回答该问题.21·世纪*教育网
2：Jenny is from Engla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd. 2 Ai Hua loves China and Chinese；根据空格前后句我们可以发现人称名字进行了转换；中间应该存在过渡
3：Six years ago, she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) came to China to study at Tsinghua University. 3 The following is what China is like in her eyes空格前后局存在时态的转变；6年前来到了中国；现在呢？
4：空格前句but also its traditional festivals.讲的是传统节日；后面是举例；细节描述
5：空格前句And the food in China is amazing. 讲的是食物；后面是举例；细节描述
选项分析：
A Now she teaches English in a middle school.出现人称代词she21*cnjy*com
B. Different people have different ideas. 主旨句——句首尾段首尾所在处
C. Her students like to hear her stories about China.出现人称代词her
D She gives herself a Chinese name Ai Hua 出现人称代词 she herself
E. People usually ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have big dinners and send Christmas cards to each other.
F I like roast duck in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Beijing and hot pot in Si Chuan 出现人称代词I；第一人称表达
G I like Chine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se Spring Festival most of all. 出现人称代词I；还有Chinese Spring Festival名词
板块三：习题训练
（A）
Thousands of years a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go, people didn't live in cold places because they don't know how to keep themselves warm. 1 ．.When an animal was killed, they made use of its skin to cover（覆盖）their bodies. 2．
Nature is our fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iend. It helped us discover（发现）fire when lighting hit a forest and started a fire. 3． The fire kept people warm, and also frightened（吓跑）wild animals. Soon people found that their food tasted better when they cooked it, so they began to use fire to cook food.
But people sti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll didn't know how to make fire themselves. When they got fire from the forest, they tried to keep it burning. 4．
But later, they found ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )different ways to make fire. For example, they made fire by burning wood or rubbing two piece of stone together.
Today, it's easy f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or people to make fire because we have matches, lighters and different kinds of heaters. 5．
A．If it went out, they had to wait for years.
B．The skin kept them warm.
C．We can make fire at any time we need.
D．People took some of this fire to their homes.
E. People didn't know how to use fire.
F. Later, they learned how to make clothes.
G. Later, they learned how to make a fire.
参考答案：
本文讲述了人类的变迁，从刚开始不会保暖，到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学会了用动物的皮制作衣服来保暖，从刚开始的将闪电击中森林引起的大火带到家里取暖，到现在用火柴和打火机等物随时随地取暖。21教育名师原创作品
1．根据“people didn' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t live in cold places because they don't know how to keep themselves warm”及“When an animal was killed, they made use of its skin to cover（覆盖）their bodies”，可知，刚开始不知道如何保暖，后来学会了如何保暖，F选项“后来，他们学会了如何做衣服”符合语境，故选F。
2．根据“When an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )animal was killed, they made use of its skin to cover（覆盖）their bodies”，可知，此处介绍与动物的皮有关的内容，B选项“皮使他们保持温暖”符合语境，故选B。21·cn·jy·com
3．根据“ It helped us di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scover（发现）fire when lighting hit a forest and started a fire”及“The fire kept people warm”，可知，人们发现了这种火，然后把它带到家里取暖，D选项“人们把一些火带回家”符合语境，故选D。
4．根据“When they go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t fire from the forest, they tried to keep it burning”，可知，此处解释为什么要让火继续燃烧着的原因，A选项“如果火熄灭了，他们还得等上几年”符合语境，故选A。
5．根据“Today, i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t's easy for people to make fire because we have matches, lighters and different kinds of heaters”，可知，如今我们可以随时随地使用火柴，打火机等物品来生火，C选项“我们可以随时生火”符合语境，故选C。
（B）
It is said that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the eyes are the windows to our soul (灵魂). 1. _______ Your eyes need everyday attention.
First, you have t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o pay more attention to your diet. 2. _______ It's good for your eyes. Also, a regular amount of vitamins (维生素) A and B2 should also be taken.
Second, you m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust have regular and sound sleep. This relaxes the eye muscles and gives them the rest they need. Sleep can help the body repair its tired tissue (组织). 3. _______ Less sleep can give you dark circles under your eyes and you may feel sleepy during the daytime.
4. _______ Blink (眨眼) your eyes at regular periods to keep your eyes moist. Besides, be sure to do some eye exercises to relax your eyes after you study for a long period of time.
Last, you should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) treat your eyes correctly. For example, if you get something in your eye, don't start rubbing (揉) it. Rubbing is harmful to your eyes. Don't read or write in poor or bright light because it can cause eye tiredness. 5. _______ Too much reading, writing, watching TV or working on a computer can also cause eye tiredness, so rest is required.
China has also ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) taken steps to protect the students' eyesight, such as larger printing in students' textbooks, at least two hours' outdoor activities a day, regular eyesight checking, less time on E-books and so on. 21cnjy.com
A. Eat more fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, eggs and milk.
B. Next, it's necessary for you to exercise your eyes every day.
C. To have healthy eyes, you have to look after them properly.
D. You should sleep for at least seven to eight hours every day.
E. Then, it's important to spend more time walking outdoors.
F. Remember to wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from sunlight.
（C）
In high school and co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llege, you may be encouraged to travel or study abroad. Perhaps you are too busy with your schoolwork to seriously consider these chances. I encourage traveling at a young age. 1 21*cnjy*com
As young people, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) most of us live with mom and dad. Our community knows us well，too. The idea of getting out of this comfort zone(舒适区) can be scary (可怕的).
2 . In our daily l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ife, we know well how to act and respond（答复) to people. But how about being in a new place, with strangers who hold different values It can be uncomfortable at first. But once you work out that you can connect with people in spite of (尽管）differences, you become smarter and more confident. You should learn to face this discomfort. It will help you to grow.
By traveling widel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y, you will also develop cultural sensitivity(敏感性). Being culturally sensitive is important. And it is not enough to just know, “People from that country are like this.”
When I was in Spai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n, for example, I found people there took a two-hour break in the middle of their workday. Many foreigners consider the Spanish people lazy. 3 . To the Spanish people, eating together as a family is more important than anything else. Cultural sensitivity will help you with your communication on both business and personal levels.
Finally, I'd like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to mention that traveling abroad will be a wonderful way to learn a new language. Being in a new language-learning environment, you will have to use the language. 4
A. It helps you to learn a new language as well.
B. In fact, the Spanish people are always like this.
C. However, one learns the most in strange situations.
D. The earlier you travel widely, the more you can learn.
E. In this way, you will improve your language skills better.
F. Few of them know people there place great value on family time.
（D）
The Wonderful Wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )zard of Oz《绿野仙踪》 is a modern fairy tale of a little girl called Dorothy. She lives on the dry, gray grassland of Kansas. 1．. One day, when they are carried away during a cyclone(龙卷风) to the magical land of Oz, Dorothy meets a kind witch(女巫) who tells her to go to the Emerald City and asks the Wizard to help her go back home. Dorothy follows the yellow brick road to the Emerald City and on her way she makes three good friends: the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman and the Cowardly Lion. 2．. Oz is full of color, but finally Dorothy learns that there’s no place like home.
Lyman Frank Baum is th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e writer. Baum was born in a small town in the state of New York in 1856. His father was a businessman and the family was rich. Baum had eight brothers and sisters and his childhood was very happy. 3．, he didn’t go to school and studied at home with a teacher.
He loved rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ding. His favorite stories were traditional European fairy tales. When Baum wrote The Wonderful Wizard of Oz at the age of 44, he wanted to write something different. He mixed reality with the fantasy and magic of traditional European fairy tales in his book.
4．. He was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) news reporter, a chicken farmer, a salesman and an actor. He ran his own theater and wrote plays for it. He even had a shop. But most of his careers ended in failure. In 1882, Baum married Maud Gage. Together they had four sons.www-2-1-cnjy-com
In 1900, The Wond ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erful Wizard of Oz came out and it was an immediate success. The book is put into over 50 languages. 5．.
Have you got a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n interest in reading this book now We are waiting for you!
A．The four friends set off to the land where the terrible witch lives21世纪教育网版权所有
B．Some of the reade ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs think that his stories are not educational at all
C．Baum had many different jobs before he became a successful writer
D．And millions of chil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dren and adults in the world know and love the story
E. Her life is very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )boring and the lovely dog, Toto is her only friend
F. So Baum tried ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) his best to make much money to feed such a big family
G. Because he was a shy, quiet boy whose health wasn’t very good
（E）
China is a coun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )try with a long and rich history. 1 The Double Second Festival (the Dragon Head-rising Festival or Longtaitou Festival) is one of them. This special day is on the second day of the second month of the Chinese lunar calendar. It stands for the start of spring and farming. It falls on March 14th this year. 2-1-c-n-j-y
The dragon plays ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an important role in Chinese culture. Dragon culture is one of the most popular cultures in China. 2 People celebrated the Dragon Head-rising Festival with many customs about the dragon in ancient times.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
On the speci ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al day, people put ashes in the kitchen. 3 _ People believed that if the dragon went into their houses, they could have a good luck all year round and have a good harvest in autumn. On the special day, people ate special food. 4 For example, people ate noodle called "dragon whiskers noodle" and dumplings called "dragon ears ". On the special day, people sent gifts to each other, picked vegetables, welcomed wealth and went on a spring outing. 【版权所有：21教育】
____5 Today peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le rush to have their hair cut, especially have their children’s hair cut on the Dragon Head-raising Festival. They want to make themselves have new looks and have a good year.
A. The food was usually named after the dragon.
B. Why is it called "dragon lifting its head"
C. I has many colorful holidays and festivals.
D. Chinese people call themselves the "descendants（传人）of the dragon"
E. They thought th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e dragon could be led into their houses with the help of the ashes
F. Even though ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny of the customs have faded away（消退）, the tradition of cutting hair is reaching new heights.
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