中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
05主旨大意题（二）备战2022中考英语总复习
一：知识梳理讲解
题型特点
(1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解, 它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下, 对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。
(2)它既考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力, 难度较大。
(3)有时从文章的第一个段落, 甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义; 有时, 文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。
三种题型：
最佳标题：语言简练，关注文体.表象与抽象相转换
篇章大意：首尾段落，关注短文目的、事例结论合理性
段落大意：本段首尾。清晰辨别与本段内容的关键信息
选项形式： 短语式。同位语式，疑问句式。谚语习语式
设问方式：
1. What can/would be a suitable/ best title for the text 21世纪教育网版权所有
2. Which of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing can/might/would be the best title for the text
3. What is the text mainly about
4. What 's the main idea of the passage
5. What does paragraph... mainly talk about
正确选项特征：概括性， 针对性。醒目性(标题类)
二：主旨题答题技巧
解题步骤：
1.浏览全文井结合位置原则判断文体
2.根据文体找主题句)
3.找选项中的关键词
4.对比选项关键词与文章主题句(如文章没有主题句.以各段主题句为比对对象)
5.选择最佳答案
解题技巧：
1.文体先行原则
2.关注首段或二段的but后的句子
3.关注首段或二段的问句后的句子
4.用思维导图分析文章结构
5.逆向思维法
6.排除法
三：例题分析
A
There are many dif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ferent ways to travel to Paris from London. One of the quickest and most popular ways is by train. From Waterloo Railway Station, you can travel all the way to Paris. The journey（旅程）takes about three hours. The train, called the Eurostar, is very modern, and the seats are comfortable. You can also travel to France by ship ... 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Q: The passage mainly tells us about ______ .
A. different ways traveling from London to Paris.
B. international flights from London to Paris.
C. buses stopping at Ferry Terminal Seven in Dover. 21*cnjy*com
答案：A，通过阅读文章可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，文章的第一句 “There are many different ways to travel to Paris from London. ” 是该段的主题句。“从巴黎到伦敦有很多不同的方式”，接下来说“One of the quickest and most popular ways is by train ”, “You can also travel to France by ship ... ”，论述主题句。
B
What do you think of o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nline shopping and traditional shopping Today my classmate May and I have a talk about it. We have different ideas about online shopping and traditional shopping.
May likes online s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hopping. She thinks it is easy and she can buy almost everything on the Internet. She doesn't like to go to real shops because there are always too many people. But I like traditional shopping. I think trying on clothes in the real shop is great. And sometimes it is not safe to buy things on the Internet.
Q: This article mainly tells us ______ .
A. May likes online shopping
B. I like traditional shopping
C. difference between online shopping and traditional shopping
D. May and I hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e different ideas about online shopping and traditional shopping
答案：D，通读全文可知， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一段最后一句“We have different ideas about online shopping and traditional shopping. ” 为本文主题句，第二段是围绕这一主题展开的，故答案选D。
C
Many Chinese peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple like American country music. But still some people don't know when country music began.
Country music is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from the folk music（民间音乐）of the Appalachian Mountains in the east of America. There, people sang while playing the violin and the guitar. They sang about everyday life, love and their problems. So the songs were sometimes a little sad.
One of the mos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t popular country music singers is John Denver. He is also quite famous to the Chinese. In 1997, John Denver died. The world lost a great man. But his music and words will live on.
Q: What's the main idea of the passage
A. Chinese like American country music.
B. Country music is from the folk music.
C. John Denver is a country music singer.
D. Some things about American country music.
答案：D，本文第一段由“许多中国人喜欢美国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )乡村音乐” 引入；第二段介绍了乡村音乐的由来；第三段介绍了一名乡村音乐歌手。由此可知本文都是围绕乡村音乐这一中心展开的，选项A、B、C都是本文的一个方面，只有D项最全面，故选D。
四：课后作业
（A）
We all know that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the British people love their manners(礼仪). They are part of their national identity (特性), as well as having fish and chips and complaining about the weather. Recently I read online that they say “sorry” up to eight times a day. 21教育网
After some research ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I have not been able to find any specific reasons why they are like this. I suppose, for centuries, manners, including how they behave at table and talk to other people have been one of the differences between the lower and upper classes and those manners show their social classes. Britain has traditionally been a quite conservative (保守的) country. There are many articles suggesting that their seemingly polite attitude of always saying “please” and “thank you” is quite false because it is impossible for a person to always feel that he or she wants to thank someone or say “please”.
Maybe it is for th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is reason that people are going one of two ways: they are too polite and hold back their feelings or they are not polite at all and express their true feelings directly. Some British people are tired of pretending that they are always happy and having to please others. But sometimes because they feel they have to be polite, they are prevented from saying what they truly think.
1.What don’t the British people often do
A.Eat fish and chips. B.Have no quite good manners.
C.Be polite to others. D.Talk about the weather.
2.What do the British people say up to eight times every day
A.Hello. B.Thank you. C.I don’t know. D.Sorry.
3.What does the wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter think are the reasons why the British people are so polite
①The upper classes should have good manners.
②They have learned much about politeness at school.
③They like to hold back their true feelings.
④They are not honest at all.
A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②④
4.What does the underlined word “pretending” mean in Chinese
A.打算 B.假装 C.想象 D.体验
5.What is the best title of this passage
A.British peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple are too polite B.British people should not be so polite
C.How to learn the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )British manners D.It’s time to change our manners
参考答案：
1：B.推理判断题。根据They ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are part of their national identity (特性)，as well as having fish and chips and complaining about the Weather .Recently read online that they said "sorry" up to eight times a day.他们是国家特性的一部分，就像吃炸鱼薯条 和抱怨天气-样。最近我在网上看到，他们一天说"对不 起"多达8次。可知，B选项"没有很好的礼貌。"是英国人 不常做的事。故选B。
2： D.细节理解题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Recently I read online that they said "sorry" up to eight times
a day.最近我在网上看到，他们一天说"对不起"多达8次。 可知，英国人每天会说8次对不起"。故选D。
3： C.推理判断题。根据| s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uppose, for centuries ,manners， including how they behave at table and talk to other people have been one of the differences between the lower and upper classes and those manners show their social classes.我想，几个世纪以来，礼仪，包括他们在餐桌上的举止和与他人交谈的方式，一直是下层和上层阶级之间的区别之一，而这些礼仪体现了他们的社会阶层。以及Maybe it is for this reason that people are going one of two ways: they are too polite and hold back their feelings. 也许正是因为这个原因，人们有两种选择:太有礼貌和压抑自己的感情。可知，作者认为英国人如此有礼貌的原因是上流社会的人应该有礼貌lI乃他们直欢陷藏白己的真实感情。故选C。
4： B.词义猜测题。根据画线词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后文they are always happy and having to please others.他们]总是很快乐，不得不取悦别人。可知此处Some British people are tired of pretending.-些英国人已经厌倦了假装。所以.画线词意为"假装"。故选B。.
5： A.最佳标题题。根据We all k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )now that the British people love their manners(礼仪) .They are part of their national identity (特性)，as well as having fish and chips and complaining about the weather.Recently | read online that they said "sorry" up to eight times a day.我们都知道英国人喜欢他们的礼貌，这是他们国家身份的一部分，就像吃炸鱼薯条和抱怨天气一样。最近我在网上看到，他们一天说"对不起”多达8次。以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了对英国人的文明礼仪的研究，并解释了英国人这样做的原因。A选项"英国人太有礼貌了。"符合主题。故选A。
（B）
National medals and ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )norary titles (荣誉称号)are usually awarded every five years. As a part of the celebration of the 70th anniversary (周年)of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC．), President Xi Jinping awarded 42 people the Medal of the Republic, the Friendship Medal and national honorary titles. They come from different backgrounds, including scientists, lawmakers, educators, artists, model workers and six non-Chinese people. All have made big contributions to the nation's construction and development. Here are some of the people we'll know.
Chinese scien ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tist Tu Youyou is one of the eight who were awarded the Medal of the Republic. Tu, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for her discovery of the malaria drug artemisinin (抗疟药物青蒿素),is the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She has saved millions of lives worldwide. She has also made important scientific innovations (创新)in traditional Chinese medicine.
Tu is not the only one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) who has given her life to the country's development. Nan Rendong, before his death in 2017, led the research and development of China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST, 500米口径球面斑电望远镜), the world's largest radio telescope. He worked on the project for more than 20 years. His contributions to Chinese astronomy earned him the title, “the people's scientist".
Thanks to the grea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t efforts made by these great people, we can live in a peaceful country.
1．__________ people won the Medal of the Republic according to the passage.
A．5 B．6 C．8 D．42
2．People of d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifferent backgrounds below are mentioned in the article except ____________.
A．Doctors B．Artists C．Scientists D．foreigners
3．What do we know about Tu Youyou
A．She won a Nobel Prize in 2017.
B．She has saved millions of people around the world.
C．She is the only woman for the Medal of the Republic.
D．She has made traditional Chinese medicine enter all the countries.
4．The underli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned word in the third paragraph “astronomy" means
A．气象学 B．天文学 C．地质学 D．军事学
5．The main purpose of the passage is_______________.
A．to express thanks to national heroes
B．to describe how to get the national honorary titles
C．to tell readers what makes a good role model (榜样)
D．to introduce some of the people who won national awards21*cnjy*com
参考答案：
本文是一篇新闻类阅读，主要介绍了以屠呦呦和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )南仁东为代表的科学家、教育家、艺术家等对国家的建设和发展做出了巨大贡献，他们被授予共和国奖章、友谊勋章和国家荣誉等称号，他们是时代的伟人，是民族的英雄。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inese scientist Tu Youyou is one of the eight who were awarded the Medal of the Republic”可知，一共有八人获得了共和国勋章。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段“Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey come from different backgrounds, including scientists, lawmakers, educators, artists, model workers and six non-Chinese people.”可知，文中提到了科学家、立法者、教育家、艺术家、劳模和6位非华裔人士，唯独没有提到医生。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段“She h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as saved millions of lives worldwide.”可知，屠呦呦拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。故选B。
4．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Nan Rend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong…Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST, 500米口径球面斑电望远镜), the world's largest radio telescope.”可知，南仁东领导研制了世界上最大的射电望远镜，故他对中国天文学作了巨大的贡献，故划线部分astronomy意为“天文学”。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据最后一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段“Thanks to the great efforts made by these great people, we can live in a peaceful country.”可知，本文介绍了为中国的建设和发展做出了巨大贡献的科学家、教育家等时代的伟人，意在表达对这些民族英雄的感谢。故选A。
（C）
Do you know 5G ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It is the fifth generation of mobile network technology. These new networks are coming.
China just issued c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ommercial licenses （发放商用牌照）for 5G on June 6, 2020. This means that China’s telecom companies were soon able to offer 5G networks for mobile phone users.
Each mobile net ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work generation is faster and more powerful than the one before it. 1G let us talk to each other. 2G let us send messages. 3G gave us data and the Internet. And 4G made all of these things faster. What’s special about 5G
5G has a very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) short delay between sending and receiving information. Now, 4G takes about 100 to 200 milliseconds（毫秒）to send and receive data. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond or less—this is almost real-time.www.21-cn-jy.com
This big change wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll not only make our mobile Internet faster, but also deeply change dur lives. Read on to find out how.
5G+entertainment
5G networks are a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bout 100 times faster than 4G. This means you can download a movie in seconds using 5G. Also, virtual reality （VR） games will become more popular with 5G. The short delay of 5G will make the games feel even more real.21教育名师原创作品
5G+transportation
5G will also brin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g us safer self-driving cars. These cars can send signals （信号）to each other. They also talk to traffic lights and road sensors （传感器）. 5G will allow cars to react even faster than human drivers.
5G+smart homes
5G also makes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Internet of things possible. Internet of things is a large network that connects everything to the Internet. Smart homes are part of it. For example, your toaster can automatically（自动地）start making breakfast after your alarm rings. And if its sensor feels the air becoming dry, a smart sprinkler could water your plants by itself.
18．What does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )underlined word “delay” in Paragraph 4 probably mean in Chinese
A．传输 B．延时 C．断开 D．卡顿
19．5G will change people’s lives in many ways EXCEPT ________.
A．Entertainment B．Transportation C．smart homes D．health
20．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Mobile phone users can use 5G networks.
B．Each mobile network generation has their own advantages.
C．5G will change our lives in many ways.
D．5G will bring us safer self-driving cars.
参考答案：
文章主要介绍了5G给我们的生活带来的变化：娱乐，交通和智能家居。
1．词义猜测题。根据“5G has a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) very short delay between sending and receiving information. Now, 4G takes about 100 to 200 milliseconds（毫秒）to send and receive data. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond or less—this is almost real-time.”5G在发送和接收信息之间有很短的 ……。现在，4G发送和接收大约需要100到200毫秒数据。但是5G将把它降低到1毫秒或更少，这几乎是实时的。可知这里的delay指的是“延时”，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“This ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )big change will not only make our mobile Internet faster, but also deeply change dur lives. Read on to find out how.”以及文中的介绍5G+entertainment，5G+transportation，5G+smart homes可知，这里没有介绍5G对健康的改变，故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章的开头 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Do you know 5G It is the fifth generation of mobile network technology. These new networks are coming.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍的是5G给我们的生活带来的一些变化，并举例在娱乐，交通以及智能家居方面的具体的改变可知，文章主要是介绍5G对我们生活的改变的，故选C。
（D）
In 1987, a small ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )company named Huawei was started in Shenzhen. After more than 30 years of development, the company has now beaten Apple and become the world’s second - largest maker of smartphones behind Korea’s Samsung. It has also become the world’s largest supplier of 5G.
But recently, Hu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )awei faced some difficulties. The US government ordered a ban（禁止） on its sales in America. American officials said Huawei gave information that it collected to the Chinese government. At the same time, the US government planned to stop selling parts and services to Huawei, which was believed to hurt Huawei’s business.
“We have never ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )received such a request from the Chinese government and we have never tried to get into other systems to collect information,” Ren Zhengfei, Huangwei’s founder and president said. “The ban from the US would have little effect on our company. Huawei has enough ability to deal with the problems,” Ren added.
In an interview sever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al years ago, Ren Zhengfei said，“I started Huawei with only 20, 000 yuan, but now it has become a $100 billion company. The experience was not as romantic as you imagine.”
Facing the ban of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the US, Huawei is growing. Huawei’s smartphone sales around the world rose a lot compared to last year. At the same time, sales from both Samsung and Apple fell. So far, Huawei has grown into the world’s largest telecommumication equipment（电信设备）supplier, selling in 170 countries. It may beat Samsung as the largest smartphore maker in the near future.
1. What is the corret ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )order of the world’s largest smartphone maker according to the passage
A. Apple - Huawei - Samsung. B. Huawei - Apple - Samsung.
C. Samsung - Apple - Huawei. D. Samsung - Huawei - Apple.
2. What was the excuse of the US government to order a ban on Huawei
A. Huawei’s sales in America were growing faster than Apple.
B. Huawei’s smartphones were not good enough to use.
C. Huawei collected information for the Chinese government.
D. Huawei refused to supply services to the US government.
3. What does Ren Zhengfei mean by the underlined（划线的）sentence
A. Huawei’s development was a romantic story.
B. Huawei went through hard times before its success.21·世纪*教育网
C. Success belonged to romantic people.
D. People should work hard to achieve their goals.
4. How does the write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r support his prediction about Huawei’s bright future
a. By listing numbers.
b. By telling stories.
c. By comparing.
d. By giving the definition（定义）.
A. a c B. a b C. a d D. b c
参考答案：
本文介绍了中国华为公司经历了很多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )困难，发展成为世界上第二大智能手机制造商。到目前为止,华为已经成长为世界上最大的电信设备供应商，在170个国家销售。它可能在不久的将来击败三星成为最大的智能手机制造商。21cnjy.com
1. 推理判断题。根据“Af ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter more than 30 years of development, the company has now beaten Apple and become the world’s second - largest maker of smartphones behind Korea’s Samsung.”可知，华为公司现已击败苹果，成为仅次于韩国三星，成为全球第二大智能手机制造商，因此世界上最大的智能手机制造商的顺序是：三星——华为——苹果。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据“The US g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )overnment ordered a ban（禁止） on its sales in America. American officials said Huawei gave information that it collected to the Chinese government.”可知，美国政府下令禁止对其在美国的销售，其借口是华为向中国政府提供了它收集的信息。故选C。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
3. 词句猜测题。根据“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )But recently, Huawei faced some difficulties.”可知，华为公司在发展过程中遇到了很多困难，因此华为在取得成功之前经历过艰难时期。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据“At the sam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e time, sales from both Samsung and Apple fell. So far, Huawei has grown into the world’s largest telecommumication equipment（电信设备）supplier, selling in 170 countries. It may beat Samsung as the largest smartphore maker in the near future.”可知，本文通过把华为公司与三星公司和苹果公司进行比较，还介绍它在170个国家的销售，这是通过列数字的方式来预测华为公司美好的未来，故选A。
（E）
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Dolls (玩偶) co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me in all shapes and sizes. Many people like to collect them. The reason is probably that dolls make people feel like they just gave birth to their own children.
One famous doll comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any (公司) is Madame Alexander. The dolls it produces are usually bought by mothers for their daughters to play with. Two of the most expensive dolls they have are Kathleen Toddler whose market price today is from $125 to $300 and Binnie, which costs about $175 to $475.
Cabbage Patch Ki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds are another kind of dolls. That company’s marketing policy(政策) is different because you don’t buy a doll but rather adopt (收养) one. You just have to pay a small, regular fee (定额费用). They were very successful in the 1980s.
Lee Middleton also pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oduces (生产) baby dolls, including different collections. As they are very lively, these dolls are still very popular among collectors.
Another comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any that makes dolls is Tiny Miracles. They have a collection called the Ashton Drake Galleries that consists of (由……组成) 10-inch long babies. They are not sold in stores, so if you want one, you have to order it straight from Tiny Miracles.
These are just a few o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the baby dolls on the market. The best place to sell dolls is online because almost everyone has a computer and the company can make money here much more easily than by putting an ad in the newspaper. The companies don’t even have to create their own websites because they can use auction (拍卖) sites easily, meaning they just have to open an account (开户).
1.Who usually buy dolls produced in Madame Alexander
A.Mothers. B.Daughters. C.Grandparents. D.Fathers.
2.If you want to adopt a baby doll, you should choose .
A.Lee Middleton B.Tiny Miracles
C.Cabbage Patch Kids D.Madame Alexander
3.Which of the foll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owing is an advantage (优点) for companies that sell dolls online
A.The companies need to make their own websites.
B.The companies have to open an account.
C.The online companies have to advertise (登广告) their goods. 2·1·c·n·j·y
D.Auction sites allow them to do business easily.
4.What can we infer (推测) from the passage
A.Mothers like to buy expensive dolls for their daughters.
B.Kathleen Toddler is the most expensive doll in the world. 21·cn·jy·com
C.The policy of adopting a doll was popular in the 1980s.
D.Dolls make people feel that they are children.
5.The writer’s purpose (目的) of writing the passage is to .
A.introduce ways to make baby dolls
B.introduce different kinds of baby dolls
C.tell us how to choose a beautiful baby doll
D.show different baby doll collections
参考答案：
1.A.细节理解题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二段One famous doll company is Madame Alexander. The dolls it produces are usually bought by mothers for their daughters to play with. .可知， Madame Alexander公司生产的娃娃通常是由母亲买来给女儿玩的。故选A。
2. C.细节理解题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第三段That company's marketing policy is different because you don't buy a doll but rather adopt one.可知Cabbage Patch Kids公司采用领养的方式，故选C.2-1-c-n-j-y
3. D.细节理解题。根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后-段the company can make money here much more easily than by putting an ad in the newspaper.可知，公司可以通过网站更容易做生意，故选D.
4.C.推理判断题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三段They were very successful in the 1980s可 知领养的方式在80年代很受欢迎。故选C.
5. B..主旨大意题。根据第一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Dolls come in all shapes and sizes. Many people like to collect them.结合后文可知本文主要介绍了生产玩具娃娃的公司以及玩具娃娃的种类。故选B。
（F）
I am Turere. I c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome from Kitengela, a farming community on the edge(边缘) of Nairobi National Park of Kenya(肯尼亚). Since the age of nine, I have helped to look after my family's cows. As a child, in my free time, I enjoyed playing with electronics. I made my own inventions, such as electronic toys from car parts and other things. I also built other electronic devices(仪器) for my neighbors.
At the age o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f 13, I invented something that changed my life. It also changed the lives of many people in my community. One night, a lion from the park came into my family's farm and killed one of our cows. I was angry. However, killing the lion, I thought, was not the best way to solve the problem. Instead, I decided to invent a solution.
The first idea I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )got was to use fire, because I thought lions were scared of fire. But I came to realize that that didn't really help, because it was even helping the lions to see through the cowshed(牛棚). So I didn't give up. I continued.
And a second i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dea I got was to use a scarecrow(稻草人). I was trying to trick the lions [into thinking] that I was standing near the cowshed. But lions are very clever. They will come the first day and they see the scarecrow, and they go back. But the second day, they'll come and they say, this thing is not moving here, it is always here! So he jumps in and kills the animals.
So one night, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was walking around the cowshed with a torch(手电筒), and that day, the lions didn't come. And I discovered that lions were afraid of a moving light. So I had an idea...
1. What was Turere interested in when he was a child 【出处：21教育名师】
A. Tricking the neighbors. B. Looking after cows.
C. Playing with electronics. D. Making car parts.
2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to 【版权所有：21教育】
A. The lion. B. The scarecrow.
C. The cow. D. The cowshed.
3. What's the solution to driving the lion away
A. Using a moving light. B. Using a torch.
C. Using a scarecrow. D. Using fire.
4. What can we get from the passage
A. The lion killed all the cows.
B. Turere killed the lion at last.
C. The lion no longer lived in the park.
D. Turere's invention made peace with lions.
参考答案：
1:C.细节理解题.根据As a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )child, in my free time ,1 enjoyed playing with electronics作为一个孩子，在我的空闲时间内我喜欢玩一些电子设备.故选: C.www-2-1-cnjy-com
2:B.词义推测题.根据They ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will come the first day and they see the scarecrow ,and they go back. But the second day，they'll come and they say，this thing is not moving here .it is always here.他们第一天来看 到稻草人就回去了.但是第二天他们来说这个东西一点也不动，总是在那儿.可知it指的是this thing, 即稻草人.故选: B.
3: A.细节理解题.根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )So one night,I was walking around the cowshed with a torch
and that day，the li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ons didn't come . And I discovered that lions were afraid of a moving light .在一个晚上，我拿着手电筒围着牛群转，狮子没有来.我发现狮子害怕移动的光.可知作者会用手电筒作为移动的光源吓跑狮子.故选: A.
4: D.细节推断题.根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The first idea 1 got was to use fire第- -一个主意就是用火.And a second idea I got was to use a scarecrow.第二个主意就是用稻草人.其次用手电筒，用这些办法来吓跑狮子，而不是伤害狮子.可知图雷尔的发明与狮子和平共处.故选: D.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
05主旨大意题（二）备战2022中考英语总复习
一：知识梳理讲解
题型特点
(1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解, 它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下, 对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。21cnjy.com
(2)它既考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力, 难度较大。
(3)有时从文章的第一个段落, 甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义; 有时, 文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。
三种题型：
最佳标题：语言简练，关注文体.表象与抽象相转换
篇章大意：首尾段落，关注短文目的、事例结论合理性
段落大意：本段首尾。清晰辨别与本段内容的关键信息
选项形式： 短语式。同位语式，疑问句式。谚语习语式
设问方式：
1. What can/would be a suitable/ best title for the text
2. Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing can/might/would be the best title for the text
3. What is the text mainly about
4. What 's the main idea of the passage
5. What does paragraph... mainly talk about
正确选项特征：概括性， 针对性。醒目性(标题类)
二：主旨题答题技巧
解题步骤：
1.浏览全文井结合位置原则判断文体
2.根据文体找主题句)
3.找选项中的关键词
4.对比选项关键词与文章主题句(如文章没有主题句.以各段主题句为比对对象)
5.选择最佳答案
解题技巧：
1.文体先行原则
2.关注首段或二段的but后的句子
3.关注首段或二段的问句后的句子
4.用思维导图分析文章结构
5.逆向思维法
6.排除法
三：例题分析
A
There are many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )different ways to travel to Paris from London. One of the quickest and most popular ways is by train. From Waterloo Railway Station, you can travel all the way to Paris. The journey（旅程）takes about three hours. The train, called the Eurostar, is very modern, and the seats are comfortable. You can also travel to France by ship ... 【出处：21教育名师】
Q: The passage mainly tells us about ______ .
A. different ways traveling from London to Paris.
B. international flights from London to Paris.
C. buses stopping at Ferry Terminal Seven in Dover. 21教育名师原创作品
B
What do you thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nk of online shopping and traditional shopping Today my classmate May and I have a talk about it. We have different ideas about online shopping and traditional shopping.
May likes online shop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ping. She thinks it is easy and she can buy almost everything on the Internet. She doesn't like to go to real shops because there are always too many people. But I like traditional shopping. I think trying on clothes in the real shop is great. And sometimes it is not safe to buy things on the Internet.
Q: This article mainly tells us ______ .
A. May likes online shopping
B. I like traditional shopping
C. difference between online shopping and traditional shopping
D. May and I have di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fferent ideas about online shopping and traditional shopping
C
Many Chinese peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le like American country music. But still some people don't know when country music began.21·世纪*教育网
Country music is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from the folk music（民间音乐）of the Appalachian Mountains in the east of America. There, people sang while playing the violin and the guitar. They sang about everyday life, love and their problems. So the songs were sometimes a little sad.
One of the most pop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ular country music singers is John Denver. He is also quite famous to the Chinese. In 1997, John Denver died. The world lost a great man. But his music and words will live on.
Q: What's the main idea of the passage
A. Chinese like American country music.
B. Country music is from the folk music.
C. John Denver is a country music singer.
D. Some things about American country music.
四：课后作业
（A）
We all know that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e British people love their manners(礼仪). They are part of their national identity (特性), as well as having fish and chips and complaining about the weather. Recently I read online that they say “sorry” up to eight times a day. 21世纪教育网版权所有
After some re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )search I have not been able to find any specific reasons why they are like this. I suppose, for centuries, manners, including how they behave at table and talk to other people have been one of the differences between the lower and upper classes and those manners show their social classes. Britain has traditionally been a quite conservative (保守的) country. There are many articles suggesting that their seemingly polite attitude of always saying “please” and “thank you” is quite false because it is impossible for a person to always feel that he or she wants to thank someone or say “please”.
Maybe it is for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this reason that people are going one of two ways: they are too polite and hold back their feelings or they are not polite at all and express their true feelings directly. Some British people are tired of pretending that they are always happy and having to please others. But sometimes because they feel they have to be polite, they are prevented from saying what they truly think.
1.What don’t the British people often do
A.Eat fish and chips. B.Have no quite good manners.
C.Be polite to others. D.Talk about the weather.
2.What do the British people say up to eight times every day
A.Hello. B.Thank you. C.I don’t know. D.Sorry.
3.What does ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the writer think are the reasons why the British people are so polite
①The upper classes should have good manners.
②They have learned much about politeness at school. www-2-1-cnjy-com
③They like to hold back their true feelings.
④They are not honest at all.
A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②④
4.What does the underlined word “pretending” mean in Chinese 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A.打算 B.假装 C.想象 D.体验
5.What is the best title of this passage
A.British people are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) too polite B.British people should not be so polite
C.How to lear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the British manners D.It’s time to change our manners
（B）
National medals and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )honorary titles (荣誉称号)are usually awarded every five years. As a part of the celebration of the 70th anniversary (周年)of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC．), President Xi Jinping awarded 42 people the Medal of the Republic, the Friendship Medal and national honorary titles. They come from different backgrounds, including scientists, lawmakers, educators, artists, model workers and six non-Chinese people. All have made big contributions to the nation's construction and development. Here are some of the people we'll know.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Chinese scientis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t Tu Youyou is one of the eight who were awarded the Medal of the Republic. Tu, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for her discovery of the malaria drug artemisinin (抗疟药物青蒿素),is the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She has saved millions of lives worldwide. She has also made important scientific innovations (创新)in traditional Chinese medicine.
Tu is not the only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one who has given her life to the country's development. Nan Rendong, before his death in 2017, led the research and development of China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST, 500米口径球面斑电望远镜), the world's largest radio telescope. He worked on the project for more than 20 years. His contributions to Chinese astronomy earned him the title, “the people's scientist".
Thanks to the great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) efforts made by these great people, we can live in a peaceful country.
1．__________ peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le won the Medal of the Republic according to the passage.
A．5 B．6 C．8 D．42
2．People of different ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )backgrounds below are mentioned in the article except ____________.
A．Doctors B．Artists C．Scientists D．foreigners
3．What do we know about Tu Youyou
A．She won a Nobel Prize in 2017.
B．She has saved millions of people around the world.
C．She is the only woman for the Medal of the Republic.
D．She has made traditional Chinese medicine enter all the countries.
4．The underline ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d word in the third paragraph “astronomy" means
A．气象学 B．天文学 C．地质学 D．军事学
5．The main purpose of the passage is_______________.21·cn·jy·com
A．to express thanks to national heroes
B．to describe how to get the national honorary titleswww.21-cn-jy.com
C．to tell readers what makes a good role model (榜样)2-1-c-n-j-y
D．to introduce some of the people who won national awards
（C）
Do you know 5G ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) It is the fifth generation of mobile network technology. These new networks are coming.
China just issued co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmercial licenses （发放商用牌照）for 5G on June 6, 2020. This means that China’s telecom companies were soon able to offer 5G networks for mobile phone users.
Each mobile net ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work generation is faster and more powerful than the one before it. 1G let us talk to each other. 2G let us send messages. 3G gave us data and the Internet. And 4G made all of these things faster. What’s special about 5G
5G has a ver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y short delay between sending and receiving information. Now, 4G takes about 100 to 200 milliseconds（毫秒）to send and receive data. But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond or less—this is almost real-time.
This big chan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge will not only make our mobile Internet faster, but also deeply change dur lives. Read on to find out how.
5G+entertainment
5G networks a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re about 100 times faster than 4G. This means you can download a movie in seconds using 5G. Also, virtual reality （VR） games will become more popular with 5G. The short delay of 5G will make the games feel even more real.
5G+transportation
5G will also bring ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) us safer self-driving cars. These cars can send signals （信号）to each other. They also talk to traffic lights and road sensors （传感器）. 5G will allow cars to react even faster than human drivers.
5G+smart homes
5G also makes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Internet of things possible. Internet of things is a large network that connects everything to the Internet. Smart homes are part of it. For example, your toaster can automatically（自动地）start making breakfast after your alarm rings. And if its sensor feels the air becoming dry, a smart sprinkler could water your plants by itself.21*cnjy*com
18．What does t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he underlined word “delay” in Paragraph 4 probably mean in Chinese
A．传输 B．延时 C．断开 D．卡顿
19．5G will change people’s lives in many ways EXCEPT ________.
A．Entertainment B．Transportation C．smart homes D．health
20．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Mobile phone users can use 5G networks.
B．Each mobile network generation has their own advantages.
C．5G will change our lives in many ways.
D．5G will bring us safer self-driving cars.
（D）
In 1987, a small compa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny named Huawei was started in Shenzhen. After more than 30 years of development, the company has now beaten Apple and become the world’s second - largest maker of smartphones behind Korea’s Samsung. It has also become the world’s largest supplier of 5G.
But recently, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Huawei faced some difficulties. The US government ordered a ban（禁止） on its sales in America. American officials said Huawei gave information that it collected to the Chinese government. At the same time, the US government planned to stop selling parts and services to Huawei, which was believed to hurt Huawei’s business.
“We have never re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ceived such a request from the Chinese government and we have never tried to get into other systems to collect information,” Ren Zhengfei, Huangwei’s founder and president said. “The ban from the US would have little effect on our company. Huawei has enough ability to deal with the problems,” Ren added.
In an intervi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ew several years ago, Ren Zhengfei said，“I started Huawei with only 20, 000 yuan, but now it has become a $100 billion company. The experience was not as romantic as you imagine.”【版权所有：21教育】
Facing the ban ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the US, Huawei is growing. Huawei’s smartphone sales around the world rose a lot compared to last year. At the same time, sales from both Samsung and Apple fell. So far, Huawei has grown into the world’s largest telecommumication equipment（电信设备）supplier, selling in 170 countries. It may beat Samsung as the largest smartphore maker in the near future.
1. What is th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e corret order of the world’s largest smartphone maker according to the passage
A. Apple - Huawei - Samsung. B. Huawei - Apple - Samsung.
C. Samsung - Apple - Huawei. D. Samsung - Huawei - Apple.
2. What was the excuse of the US government to order a ban on Huawei
A. Huawei’s sales in America were growing faster than Apple.
B. Huawei’s smartphones were not good enough to use.
C. Huawei collected information for the Chinese government.
D. Huawei refused to supply services to the US government.
3. What does Ren Zhengfei mean by the underlined（划线的）sentence
A. Huawei’s development was a romantic story.
B. Huawei went through hard times before its success.21教育网
C. Success belonged to romantic people.
D. People should work hard to achieve their goals.
4. How does the writer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) support his prediction about Huawei’s bright future
a. By listing numbers.
b. By telling stories.
c. By comparing.
d. By giving the definition（定义）.
A. a c B. a b C. a d D. b c
（E）
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Dolls (玩偶) come in all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shapes and sizes. Many people like to collect them. The reason is probably that dolls make people feel like they just gave birth to their own children.
One famous doll comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any (公司) is Madame Alexander. The dolls it produces are usually bought by mothers for their daughters to play with. Two of the most expensive dolls they have are Kathleen Toddler whose market price today is from $125 to $300 and Binnie, which costs about $175 to $475.21*cnjy*com
Cabbage Patch Kid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are another kind of dolls. That company’s marketing policy(政策) is different because you don’t buy a doll but rather adopt (收养) one. You just have to pay a small, regular fee (定额费用). They were very successful in the 1980s.
Lee Middleton ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )also produces (生产) baby dolls, including different collections. As they are very lively, these dolls are still very popular among collectors.
Another comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any that makes dolls is Tiny Miracles. They have a collection called the Ashton Drake Galleries that consists of (由……组成) 10-inch long babies. They are not sold in stores, so if you want one, you have to order it straight from Tiny Miracles.
These are just a few ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the baby dolls on the market. The best place to sell dolls is online because almost everyone has a computer and the company can make money here much more easily than by putting an ad in the newspaper. The companies don’t even have to create their own websites because they can use auction (拍卖) sites easily, meaning they just have to open an account (开户).
1.Who usually buy dolls produced in Madame Alexander
A.Mothers. B.Daughters. C.Grandparents. D.Fathers.
2.If you want to adopt a baby doll, you should choose .
A.Lee Middleton B.Tiny Miracles
C.Cabbage Patch Kids D.Madame Alexander
3.Which of the follow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing is an advantage (优点) for companies that sell dolls online
A.The companies need to make their own websites.
B.The companies have to open an account.
C.The online companies have to advertise (登广告) their goods.
D.Auction sites allow them to do business easily.
4.What can we infer (推测) from the passage
A.Mothers like to buy expensive dolls for their daughters.
B.Kathleen Toddler is the most expensive doll in the world.
C.The policy of adopting a doll was popular in the 1980s.
D.Dolls make people feel that they are children.
5.The writer’s purpose (目的) of writing the passage is to .
A.introduce ways to make baby dolls
B.introduce different kinds of baby dolls
C.tell us how to choose a beautiful baby doll
D.show different baby doll collections
（F）
I am Turere. I come ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from Kitengela, a farming community on the edge(边缘) of Nairobi National Park of Kenya(肯尼亚). Since the age of nine, I have helped to look after my family's cows. As a child, in my free time, I enjoyed playing with electronics. I made my own inventions, such as electronic toys from car parts and other things. I also built other electronic devices(仪器) for my neighbors.2·1·c·n·j·y
At the age of 13 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), I invented something that changed my life. It also changed the lives of many people in my community. One night, a lion from the park came into my family's farm and killed one of our cows. I was angry. However, killing the lion, I thought, was not the best way to solve the problem. Instead, I decided to invent a solution.
The first idea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I got was to use fire, because I thought lions were scared of fire. But I came to realize that that didn't really help, because it was even helping the lions to see through the cowshed(牛棚). So I didn't give up. I continued.
And a second idea I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) got was to use a scarecrow(稻草人). I was trying to trick the lions [into thinking] that I was standing near the cowshed. But lions are very clever. They will come the first day and they see the scarecrow, and they go back. But the second day, they'll come and they say, this thing is not moving here, it is always here! So he jumps in and kills the animals.
So one night, I was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )walking around the cowshed with a torch(手电筒), and that day, the lions didn't come. And I discovered that lions were afraid of a moving light. So I had an idea...
1. What was Turere interested in when he was a child
A. Tricking the neighbors. B. Looking after cows.
C. Playing with electronics. D. Making car parts.
2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. The lion. B. The scarecrow.
C. The cow. D. The cowshed.
3. What's the solution to driving the lion away
A. Using a moving light. B. Using a torch.
C. Using a scarecrow. D. Using fire.
4. What can we get from the passage
A. The lion killed all the cows.
B. Turere killed the lion at last.
C. The lion no longer lived in the park.
D. Turere's invention made peace with lions.
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