中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
01词汇填空之首字母填空 备战2022中考英语总复习
一：首字母填空知识梳理
首字母填空的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )掏空”，留下该词的首字母，它既作为提示又作为限制，让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整，使文章连贯。学生们在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下，采用先易后难，再逐项填空的应试策略。做题时要通过字里行间来捕捉信息，既要理清逻辑，又要综合考虑，最后通过复读全文来消除疏漏。
二：首字母填空解题技巧梳理
1. 通读全文，把它当做是自己写的文章去检查
2. 读第一遍的时候，首先把有把握的单词写出来，不会的，或有怀疑的暂时不写
3. 靠逻辑关系选词义，靠句法结构写词形，靠习惯用法确定固定搭
4. 分析句子主要成分：主谓宾/主系表；然后找补足语或双宾语，再找次要成分定语 和状语，最后，还要看缺少什么关联词www-2-1-cnjy-com
5. 确定正确的单词，绝对不能靠猜，一定要在草稿纸上写正确，再写入试卷内
6. 最为关键的就是三大项：1）逻辑关系 2）词汇量 3）语法结构和习惯用法
三：首字母填空解题顺序梳理
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。21*cnjy*com
2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。
3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式（即考虑词形）。
4. 认真复查全文，把握词义词性词形
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应（即考虑词义），有无句型结构及语法错误（重点考虑词性）。从实际中看，很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词，但是，问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。比如填q ，要求填写 quickly ，而多数考生只知道填写 quick ，忽略了词性问题。因此，深思熟虑很重要。
总之，首字母填空类短文的阅读题属 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词词义弄清楚，词性合理，词形正确拼写出来，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。
三：例题分析
A
F are the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lungs of the earth. Without them, it cannot breathe. It needs its forests to remove carbon dioxide from the air and to make o . In many countries, such as New Zealand, Canada, and Brazil, forests were cut d to offer wood to build houses. Cuttng down trees is h________ to human beings, animals and plants. Many young volunteers around the world are working in their holidays to plant new t to replace them.
These young men and wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )men f________ many difficulties when they plant new trees. The weather may be very hot and dry or may be very cold and w . Tree planters are changing the world. They plant different types of trees so that birds and animals can live in the forests. They b________ that in 50 years their little trees will become beautiful forests.
答案：Forest；oxygen；down；harmful；trees；face；wet；believe
解析：
1：森林是地球之肺；所以第一空填写forest.
2：根据forests to remo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve carbon dioxide from the air and to make ‘森林可以制造氧气；所以填写oxygen.
3：考查固定搭配“砍伐”；cut down.
4：考查固定搭配； “be harmful to” 对..有害
5： 根据Many yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ung volunteers around the world are working in their holidays to plant new t to replace them；种植新的树木；所以应该填写trees
6：考查固定搭配；面对许多困难；face many difficulties
7：The weather may be v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ery hot and dry or may be very cold and wet；前后呼应；天气可能非常热和干燥，也可能非常冷和潮湿.
8：考查动词；believe；They ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) believe that in 50 years their little trees will become beautiful forests.他们相信，50年后，他们的小树将变成美丽的森林。
B
Confucius, a p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ioneer in the field of e________. He was born in the year 551 B．C. He was a great thinker w had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. His main ideas are about k and good manners. He was also a famous p whose wise sayings have i________ many people in d________ countries. For example, one of his famous sayings, “He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in d________”， tells us the i________of learning and thinking.
答案：education；who；ki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndness；philosopher；influenced；different；danger；importance
解析：
1：Confucius, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pioneer in the field of e________.孔子是教育界的先驱；所以填写education2·1·c·n·j·y
2：He was a grea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t thinker w had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior.考查定语从句引导词；指人；所以填写who21世纪教育网版权所有
3：His main i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )deas are about k and good manners孔子的核心思想是仁和礼；所以填写kindness.
4：He was also a famous p ；孔子也是一个著名的哲学家；所以填写philosopher.
5/6： whose wise sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yings have i________ many people in d________ countries.孔子的名言影响了不同国家的很多人；所以填 influenced；different.
7：He who learns but d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oes not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in d________”学而不思则罔；思而不学则殆所以填danger21·世纪*教育网
8：tells us the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )i________of learning and thinking.学而不思则罔；思而不学则殆告诉我们学习与思考的重要性。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
C
Travel can teach kids ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more than a textbook. Traveling with kids is good f 1 them. They can find new interests. Travel makes information alive for kids, and makes it much more exciting than studying textbooks or d 2 experiments in the lab. While traveling, they learn h 3 to deal with new situations, and communicate with other people. They learn patience, because sometimes i 4 takes a long time to get to some exciting or interesting places.
I’ve been travel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing since I was seven years old. For me, to stop traveling would be like taking something a 5 from my soul(灵魂). I can’t live without traveling and I wouldn’t be who I am if I don’t travel. Some people think it’s h 6 to travel after having kids. But in my opinion, when people become parents, it doesn’t m 7 they couldn’t travel any more. My children have been traveling since they were three weeks old.www.21-cn-jy.com
Bringing a n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ew life into the world comes with many responsibilities(责任) and I’d love to be a good mother. One of my duties is to e 8 my children. I’m so thankful that my parents took me on family trips when I was y 9 . I’ve learned that the outside world is more colorful than the little one I was living in. Of course, I want to pass these travel e 10 on to my children.
I value the memories I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have traveling with my children. I’m sure they will always remember them in their lives.
解析：
1. for. 考查介词.句意*和孩子- -起旅行对他们有好处”。be good fr.."对.有好处”。固定搭配.填for.
2. doing. 考查动词.句意使它比学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )习课本或在实验室；实验更令人兴奋". do experiments做实验.固定搭配.or连接并列重复.由studying动名词.可知，填do的动名词doing.
3. how. 考查疑问词.句意"他们学会了_ 应付新的形势"。这里是疑问词+不定式的简单句形式.用how如何 .
4.it.考查代词.句意"因为有时需要很长 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的时间才能到达一些令人兴奋或有趣的地方". it takes+时间+to do sth做某事花费某人时间.固定搭配. it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式.填it.
5. away.考查搭配.句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )"对我来说，停止旅行就像从我的灵魂中带走一些东西". take away from..."从.拿走、夺去".固定搭配.填away.
6. difficult. 考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查形容词.句意"有些人认为有孩子后很难去旅行". it is+形容词+to do sth做某事是..根据下一句But in my opinion，when people become parents，it doesn't mean they couldn't travel any more但在我看来，当人们成为父母时，并不意味着他们不能再旅行了.可知,应该是"难的".填形容词difficult.
7. so.考查副词.句意"我_ 感激我的父母在我小时候带我去家庭旅行".修饰形容词用副词so如此、这样.填so.
8. the. 考查定冠词.句意"我了解到外面的世界比我生活的小世界更丰富多彩".这里特指外面的世界.填定冠词the .
9. experiences. 考查名词.句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意"当然，我想把这些旅行_传 递给我的孩子们"。根据7空I'm so thankful that my parents took me on family trips when | was young我很感激我的父母在我小时候带我去家庭旅行.可知，应该是"经历".填名词复数experiences .
10. remember. 考查动词.句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意"我相信在他们的生命中他们会永远___ _它们". 根据上一句1 value the memories 1have traveling with my children我珍惜我和孩子们一起旅行的回忆.可知，应该是“记住" .情态动词will后用动词原形remember .
四：课后作业
（A）
Usually, you don’t fin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the same words in different languages. But there is an exception for the word “OK”!2-1-c-n-j-y
The word OK ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )first appeared in the Boston Morning Post on March 23, 1839.
It was an abbreviatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n of the phrase “oll Korrect”, an incorrect s 1 of “all correct”. Although it began as a joke, people later u 2 the phrase on documents(文件) or through telegraphs(电报) to say that all was well.
This year, OK ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )celebrated its 179th b 3 . We use this expression countless times every day. “How about two o’clock OK ” “OK then.” The word OK is e 4 to say, write and understand.
Besides, it is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more neutral(中立的) than many words. Allen Metcalf, American author of OK : The Improbable story of America’s Greatest Word, told The Times, “What OK provided that other words did not was neutrality, a way to express agreement w 5 having to offer an opinion.” For example, if someone asks you to go for a walk after lunch, you can s 6 answer “OK”. There you go — no extra opinions.
OK can be sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elled in different ways: okay or O.K. they are all p 7 the same. But “OK” is the most widely accepted spelling and is often used in writing. Some people, however, like the spelling “okay” b 8 it looks more like a word.
Sometimes, peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple also say short forms of OK like “K”. For example, someone might say, “I’m just going to the supermarket, but I’ll be b 9 in 10 minutes.” You could reply with “K”.
OK is so useful that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it’s said worldwide. You may not know the l 10 of someone you’re talking with, but saying “OK” with gestures(手势) can help you communicate.
参考答案：
(1) spelling; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 考查动词;根据语境" It was an abbreviation of the phrase "oll Korrect" ，an incorrect spelling of "all correct" 它是"OL KReCrt"一词的缩写，是"所有正确"的错误拼写.因为空前面有个an，故此处填名词形式，动词spell得 名词形式是spelling.
(2) used; 考查动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com );根据语境'Although it began as a joke，people later used the phrase on documents (文件) or through telegraphs (电报) to say that all was well. "虽然它开始作为一个笑话，人们后来使用的短语文件或通过电报说，一切都很好.根据前一句用的是began，一般过去时态，此处也应该用一般过去时态，使用是use，过去式是used .
(3) birthday; 考查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词;根据语境This year， 0Kcelebrated its 179th birthday "今年，0K庆祝了第一百七十九个生日.生日是birthday .
(4) easy; 考查形容词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com );根据语境"The word 0K is easy to say，write and understand. "0K这个 词很容易说、写和理解. be+形容词+to do，容易的是easy.
(5)without;考查介词;根据语境"W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat OK provided that other words did not was neutrality，a way to express agreement without having to offer an opinion ""如果其他词. 语不是中立的，那就表示同意，而不必发表意见. "having是动名词， 前面需要加介词，表示不故用without .
(6) simply; 考查副 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词;根据语境" For example， if someone asks you to go for a walk after lunch，you can simply answer "OK "例如，如果有人请你午饭后散步，你可以简单地回答"0K".副词修饰动词，故答案是simply.
(7) pronounced; 考查动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com );根据语境" OK can be spelled in different ways: okay or 0. K. they are all pronounced the same. "0K 可以用不同的方式拼写: okay 或OK.它们都发音相同.被动语态，be+动词过去分词，发音是pronounce，故答案是pronounced.
(8) because; 考查副词; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据语境" Some people ,however ,like the spelling "okay"because it looks more like a word.然而，有些人喜欢拼写"OK"，因为它看起来更像--个单词.因为是because.
(9) back; 考查形容词;根据语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )境" I'm just going to the supermarket，but 'll be back in 10 minutes. "我正要去超市，但我10分钟后回来.回来是be back，故答案是back .
(10) 1anguage; 考查名词;根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语境" You may not know the language of someone you're talking with，but saying "OK" with gestures (手势) can help you communicate"你可能不知道你所说的人的语言，但是用手势(Office) 说"0K"可以帮助你交流.语言是language，交流时使用的语言，一般用单数， 故答案是language .
（B）
Leap 夺冠 is a film ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on the Chinese women’ s national volleyball team. Directed by director Peter Chan and starring Gong Li, the film is b____1______ on the volleyball team’s stories spread over more than 40 years.21·cn·jy·com
The women’s nation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al volleyball team has been the p____2_____ of the Chinese people since it f___3______ won the championship in 1981. On September 28, 2019, it achieved the World Cup championship with a r___4______ of I1 wins, right before the National Day holiday. It is China's 10th title in world major volleyball events, i___5______ the World Cup, the World championships and the Olympic Games.
Chan is f__6______ for his films like Almost a Love Story and American Dreams in China.Even as an e____7_______ director, Chan admitted that Leap is one of the most difficult films he has ever directed. One of the most important reasons is that the sports films r____8______ high professional knowledge as w___9_______ as physical fitness of the actors. Chan said that he had to ask many players to take their own roles in the film, and he was s___10______ to find that"their acting is more realistic than most actors”.
参考答案：
1. [答案] based[解析]句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ):这部电影由陈可辛导演，巩俐主演，根据中国排球队40多年来的故事改编而成。be based on ,.....为基础，结合句可知填based。
2. [答案] pride ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )[解析]句意:中国女排自1981年第一次夺得冠军以来，一直是中国人民的骄傲。"the+ 名词+of"构成固定短语，the pride of，..... 为骄傲，结合句意及首字母可知填pride。
3. [答案] first ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )[解析]句意:中国女排自1981年第一次夺得冠军以来，一直是中国人民的骄傲。序数词前加定冠词the ,first,第一， 结合句意及首字母可知填firsto .
4. [答案] record [解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )析]句意: 2019年9月28日，在国庆假期前，以11胜的纪录获得世界杯冠军。a后跟可数名词单数，结合句意可知填record, record, 记录，可数名词，故填record。
5. [答案] including[ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解析]句意:这是中国在世界杯、世锦赛和奥运会等世界大型排球项目.上的第10个冠军。根据空后的"the World Cup, the World championships and the Olympic Games(世界杯、世锦赛和奥运会)”等都是名词短语，数此处是填介词。结合句意可知填“包括” 符合题意,including,包括，介词，故答案为including。
6. [答案] famous[解析]句意: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )陈可欣以他的电影如《甜蜜蜜》和《中国合伙人》而闻名。be famous for，以..... .而闻名，固定短语，famous, 著名的，形容词，结合句意及首字母可知填famous
7. [答案] experience ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d[解析]句意:作为一名经验丰富的导演，陈可欣承认《冠军》是他执导过的最难的电影之一。director是名词，前面用形容词来修饰，experienced,有经验的， 形容人的形容词，结合句意及首字母可知填experienced.
8. [答案] require[解析]句意: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其中一个最重要的原因是体育电影对演员的专业知识和身体素质要求较高。文章是一般现在时，主句根据is可知是一般现在时，所以从句也用- -般现在时。主语films是可 数名词复数，所以此空填动词原形，结合句意及首字母可知填“要求”符合题意,require，要求，动词。故答案为require。
9. [答案] well[解析]句意:其中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个最重要的原因是体育电影对演员的专业知识和身体素质要求较高。as well as,和，也,连词，固定短语，故填well。
10. [答案] surprised[解析] ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意:陈可欣说，他不得不让许多运动员在电影中扮演自己的角色。他惊讶地发现，“ 他们的表演比大多数演员更真实”。be surprised to do sth.:很惊讶地做某事，固定短语，surprised,惊讶的， 形容词，结合句意及首字母可知填surprised。
（C）
Why Do Some Kids Dislike School
If you don’t li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke school, the first step is finding out w 1 . You might not like school because a bully is bothering you, or b 2 a kid you don’t like wants to hang around with you. Or maybe you don’t get along w 3 your teacher. You might f 4 different or worry that you don’t have enough friends.21教育网
Sometimes it’s a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p 5 with your classes and schoolwork. Maybe the work is too easy and you get bored. Or maybe the work is too h 6 , or you don’t feel as smart as the other kids. Reading may be difficult for you, b 7 you hope to do a lot of it. You may be getting farther and farther b 8 , and it may seem like you’ll never catch up. Maybe you’re dealing with worries, s 9 , or problems that make it hard to put your heart on schoolwork.
When you s 10 t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o think about why you don’t like school, you can start taking steps to make things better.
参考答案：
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。 文中介绍了当前一-些孩子厌学，并指出了可能出现的厌学的原因,最后给厌学者提出了建议。21教育名师原创作品
1. why 句意为“如果你不喜欢上学,第一步应该弄清楚为什么”。故填写why。
2.because or后面的内容和前面是并列关系，前边用because...后面也要用because。
3. with get along well with“ 与.....和睦相处”为固定搭配。
4. feel 句意 为“你可能感觉不同或担心你没有足够多的朋友”。故填写feel。
5.problem根据后面的叙述，这句话意为“课程和学校作业有时也是个问题"。故填写problem。21cnjy.com
6.hard前面是easy,这里要填hard。
7. but 前一分句意为“对于你来说阅读可能很难”。后面是表示转折，故用but。
8.behind根据后面的“而且看起来你永远都赶不上”可知，前面空格上应该表示“落后”,far behind意为“远远落后”。
9. stress能与“忧虑”并列并且以s开头的名词最合适的是“压力”stress。
10.stops；stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做某事"。
（D）
The villagers i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Mhangeni Africa. faced a very big challenge（挑战）．They didn't have a school for their kids．
Then the village eld ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er thought of an （1）i ．He said that there was an old，abandoned （废弃的）farmhouse．It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it．All the villagers were （2）p with his suggestion and started the project immediately．The parents repaired the broken walls．Some villagers （3）d the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood．The others helped make desks and chairs for the students．Still，there was much more work to do．But the rains were coming．They had to （4）s working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant．
So the child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ren of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by（5）t ．They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened．They didn't want to delay（耽搁） their studies．Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes（灌木）．
The news about the pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oject （6）s and many people knew it．Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out．and two foreign visitors were also touched （感动） by the children's （7）a ．They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery．【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
After 10 days of hard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) work，the new school was （8）r ．The kids were very happy but a bit worried﹣they were behind in their studies．
Besides（除…之外）this，t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hey also faced many （9）d ．There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students．And two or three students had to share one book．
However，the children ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are happy to study in school﹣（10）e in their new school which they helped to build．Though their school might not be modern，their dream of having a school near their homes has come true．
参考答案：
1．idea 【解析】考查名词；分析语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )境，此处表示：村子里的老者想出来一个主意．i开头的单词，idea意见，想法．符合语境．故答案为：idea．
2．pleased 【解析】考查形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容词；分析语境，此处表示：所有的村民对他的建议很满意，并开始开始了这个工厂．p开头的单词，pleased满意的，be pleased with对……满意．符合语境．故答案为：pleased．
3． divided 【解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室．d开头的单词，divide分开，divide……into把……分成……符合语境．根据语境，需要使用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided．故答案为：divided
4．stop 【解析】考查动词；分析语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )境，此处表示：他们不得不停止工作，因为现在对他们来说，是最好的种植的时间．s开头，stop停止，stop doing停止做．符合语境．had to后面接动词原形．故答案为：stop．
5．themselves 【解析 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】考查反身代词；分析语境，此处表示：所以，Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子，themselves他们自己，符合语境．故答案为：themselves．
6．spread 【解析】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考查动词；此处意思为：关于这个项目的消息传播出去，很多人都知道它了．s开头，spread传播，符合语境．根据语境，此处需要用一般过去时，spread的过去式是spread．故答案为：spread．
7．actions 【解析 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：而且，两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了．a开头的词，action行动，可数名词，此处表示孩子们的行动，用可数名词的复数形式．故答案为：actions．
8．ready 【解析 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：经过10天的努力工作后，新学校已经准备好了．r开头的词，ready准备好的．符合语境．故答案为：ready
9．difficulties 【解析】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：除此之外，他们还面临了很多困难．d开头，difficulty困难，可数名词，前面有many，此处需要用名词复数形式．difficulty的复数形式是difficulties．故答案为：difficulties．
10．especially 【解析 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】考查副词；分析语境，此处表示：然而，孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里．e开头的词，especially尤其．符合语境．故答案为：especially．
（E）
Can animals be made t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o work for people Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained（训练）to do a number of simple jobs i___1__of people. They say that at a circus（杂技场）,for example, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing q___2__skillful（熟练的）things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may find that the trainer（驯兽员）always g__3 __the animal some sugar o__4 __a piece of fruit as a reward（报酬）. The scientists say that many d__5__animals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they know they will get a reward f__6__doing that.【版权所有：21教育】
Of course, as we know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), dogs can be trained to look after a house, and soldiers in both old and modern t__7__have u__8__geese to give warning（警报）by m__9__a lot of noise when an enemy comes near. And also it may be possible to train animals to work in families orf__10__.
参考答案：
(1) instead. 考查固定搭配.根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意，一 些科学家认为动物们有一天可能会被训练成替代人类做很多简单的工作.结合空缺处，以i开头，可知需要用固定搭配instead of表示"代替，而不是"，填入instead. 故答案为instead .【出处：21教育名师】
(2) quite. 考查副词.根据句意，比 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如，我们可能看到大象，猴子，狗和其他动物做_熟练的事情. 结合空缺处，以q开头，可知需要填入一个副词，表示"相当地"，用quite.故答案为quite .
(3) gives. 考查动词.根据句意， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如果你看近一-点，你可能会发现训练者总是_动物们一 -些糖或者-块水果作为报酬.结合空缺处，以g开头，可知需要填入-个动词，表示“给"，用give， 结合时态是一般现在时态，主语是the trainer， 所以用动词的三单形式，用gives. 故答案为gives.
(4) reward. 考查名词.根据句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如果你看近-点,你可能会发现训练者总是给动物们一些糖或者.-块水果作为_ . 结合后文提示"if they know they will get a reward for doing that. "，结合空缺处，以r开头，可知需要填入- -个名词，表示"报酬"，用reward. 故答案为reward.
(5) simple. 考查形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容词.根据句意，科学家说如果他们知道他们因为做了那个得到---份报酬，很多不同的动物可能被训练为做很多_事情结合 空缺处，以s开头，石知需要填入一一个形容词，表示"简单的"，用simple. 故答案为simple .
(6) known.考查固定搭配.根据句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，当然，据我们所知，狗可以被训练成看家.结合空缺处，以k开头，可知需要用固定结构it is known to all表示据我们所知"，填入known.故答案为known.
(7) modern. 考查形容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词.根据句意，无论古代还是.士兵，都会在敌人靠近时用大量的油通过制造很多噪音来警告他们.结合空缺处，以m开头，可知需要填入一个形容词，表示"现代的"，用modern. 故答案为modern.
(8) used. 考查动词.根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据句意，无论古代还是现代的士兵，都会在敌人靠近时_大量的油通过制造很多噪音来警告他们.结合空缺处，以u开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"用"，用use. 结合前面有have，可知需要用现在完成时态，用used. 故答案为used.
(9) noise. 考查固定搭配、根据句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意，无论古代还是现代的士兵，都会在敌人靠近时用大量的油通过制造很多_来警告他们.结合空缺处，以n开头，可知需要用固定搭配make a lot of noise表示"制造很多噪音”，填入noise.故答案为noise .21*cnjy*com
(10) possible. 考查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )形容词.根据句意，且也有_训练动物在家里或者工厂里工作、结合空缺处，以p开头，可知需要填入一个形容词，表示呵能的"，用possible. 故答案为possible.
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
01词汇填空之首字母填空 备战2022中考英语总复习
一：首字母填空知识梳理
首字母填空的特点是将一篇 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章中若干个词“掏空”，留下该词的首字母，它既作为提示又作为限制，让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整，使文章连贯。学生们在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下，采用先易后难，再逐项填空的应试策略。做题时要通过字里行间来捕捉信息，既要理清逻辑，又要综合考虑，最后通过复读全文来消除疏漏。
二：首字母填空解题技巧梳理
1. 通读全文，把它当做是自己写的文章去检查
2. 读第一遍的时候，首先把有把握的单词写出来，不会的，或有怀疑的暂时不写
3. 靠逻辑关系选词义，靠句法结构写词形，靠习惯用法确定固定搭
4. 分析句子主要成分：主谓宾/主系表；然后找补足语或双宾语，再找次要成分定语 和状语，最后，还要看缺少什么关联词21cnjy.com
5. 确定正确的单词，绝对不能靠猜，一定要在草稿纸上写正确，再写入试卷内
6. 最为关键的就是三大项：1）逻辑关系 2）词汇量 3）语法结构和习惯用法
三：首字母填空解题顺序梳理
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。21教育网
2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。www.21-cn-jy.com
3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式（即考虑词形）。21*cnjy*com
4. 认真复查全文，把握词义词性词形
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应（即考虑词义），有无句型结构及语法错误（重点考虑词性）。从实际中看，很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词，但是，问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。比如填q ，要求填写 quickly ，而多数考生只知道填写 quick ，忽略了词性问题。因此，深思熟虑很重要。
总之，首字母填空类短文的阅读题属于能力 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词词义弄清楚，词性合理，词形正确拼写出来，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。
三：例题分析
A
F are the lu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngs of the earth. Without them, it cannot breathe. It needs its forests to remove carbon dioxide from the air and to make o . In many countries, such as New Zealand, Canada, and Brazil, forests were cut d to offer wood to build houses. Cuttng down trees is h________ to human beings, animals and plants. Many young volunteers around the world are working in their holidays to plant new t to replace them.
These young men ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and women f________ many difficulties when they plant new trees. The weather may be very hot and dry or may be very cold and w . Tree planters are changing the world. They plant different types of trees so that birds and animals can live in the forests. They b________ that in 50 years their little trees will become beautiful forests.www-2-1-cnjy-com
B
Confucius, a p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ioneer in the field of e________. He was born in the year 551 B．C. He was a great thinker w had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. His main ideas are about k and good manners. He was also a famous p whose wise sayings have i________ many people in d________ countries. For example, one of his famous sayings, “He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in d________”， tells us the i________of learning and thinking.【出处：21教育名师】
C
Travel can teach kid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s more than a textbook. Traveling with kids is good f 1 them. They can find new interests. Travel makes information alive for kids, and makes it much more exciting than studying textbooks or d 2 experiments in the lab. While traveling, they learn h 3 to deal with new situations, and communicate with other people. They learn patience, because sometimes i 4 takes a long time to get to some exciting or interesting places.
I’ve been traveling ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )since I was seven years old. For me, to stop traveling would be like taking something a 5 from my soul(灵魂). I can’t live without traveling and I wouldn’t be who I am if I don’t travel. Some people think it’s h 6 to travel after having kids. But in my opinion, when people become parents, it doesn’t m 7 they couldn’t travel any more. My children have been traveling since they were three weeks old.21·世纪*教育网
Bringing a new life ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )into the world comes with many responsibilities(责任) and I’d love to be a good mother. One of my duties is to e 8 my children. I’m so thankful that my parents took me on family trips when I was y 9 . I’ve learned that the outside world is more colorful than the little one I was living in. Of course, I want to pass these travel e 10 on to my children.
I value the memor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ies I have traveling with my children. I’m sure they will always remember them in their lives.21世纪教育网版权所有
四：课后作业
（A）
Usually, you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )don’t find the same words in different languages. But there is an exception for the word “OK”!21·cn·jy·com
The word OK firs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t appeared in the Boston Morning Post on March 23, 1839.
It was an abbreviation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the phrase “oll Korrect”, an incorrect s 1 of “all correct”. Although it began as a joke, people later u 2 the phrase on documents(文件) or through telegraphs(电报) to say that all was well.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
This year, OK cel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ebrated its 179th b 3 . We use this expression countless times every day. “How about two o’clock OK ” “OK then.” The word OK is e 4 to say, write and understand.
Besides, it is mor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e neutral(中立的) than many words. Allen Metcalf, American author of OK : The Improbable story of America’s Greatest Word, told The Times, “What OK provided that other words did not was neutrality, a way to express agreement w 5 having to offer an opinion.” For example, if someone asks you to go for a walk after lunch, you can s 6 answer “OK”. There you go — no extra opinions.
OK can be spelled in d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifferent ways: okay or O.K. they are all p 7 the same. But “OK” is the most widely accepted spelling and is often used in writing. Some people, however, like the spelling “okay” b 8 it looks more like a word.21*cnjy*com
Sometimes, people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) also say short forms of OK like “K”. For example, someone might say, “I’m just going to the supermarket, but I’ll be b 9 in 10 minutes.” You could reply with “K”.21教育名师原创作品
OK is so useful th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at it’s said worldwide. You may not know the l 10 of someone you’re talking with, but saying “OK” with gestures(手势) can help you communicate.
（B）
Leap 夺冠 is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a film on the Chinese women’ s national volleyball team. Directed by director Peter Chan and starring Gong Li, the film is b____1______ on the volleyball team’s stories spread over more than 40 years.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
The women’s nat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ional volleyball team has been the p____2_____ of the Chinese people since it f___3______ won the championship in 1981. On September 28, 2019, it achieved the World Cup championship with a r___4______ of I1 wins, right before the National Day holiday. It is China's 10th title in world major volleyball events, i___5______ the World Cup, the World championships and the Olympic Games.
Chan is f__6______ for his films like Almost a Love Story and American Dreams in China.Even as an e____7_______ director, Chan admitted that Leap is one of the most difficult films he has ever directed. One of the most important reasons is that the sports films r____8______ high professional knowledge as w___9_______ as physical fitness of the actors. Chan said that he had to ask many players to take their own roles in the film, and he was s___10______ to find that"their acting is more realistic than most actors”.
（C）
Why Do Some Kids Dislike School
If you don’t like s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chool, the first step is finding out w 1 . You might not like school because a bully is bothering you, or b 2 a kid you don’t like wants to hang around with you. Or maybe you don’t get along w 3 your teacher. You might f 4 different or worry that you don’t have enough friends.2·1·c·n·j·y
Sometimes it’s a p 5 with your classes and schoolwork. Maybe the work is too easy and you get bored. Or maybe the work is too h 6 , or you don’t feel as smart as the other kids. Reading may be difficult for you, b 7 you hope to do a lot of it. You may be getting farther and farther b 8 , and it may seem like you’ll never catch up. Maybe you’re dealing with worries, s 9 , or problems that make it hard to put your heart on schoolwork.
When you s 10 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to think about why you don’t like school, you can start taking steps to make things better.【版权所有：21教育】
（D）
The villagers in Mh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )angeni Africa. faced a very big challenge（挑战）．They didn't have a school for their kids．
Then the village el ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )der thought of an （1）i ．He said that there was an old，abandoned （废弃的）farmhouse．It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it．All the villagers were （2）p with his suggestion and started the project immediately．The parents repaired the broken walls．Some villagers （3）d the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood．The others helped make desks and chairs for the students．Still，there was much more work to do．But the rains were coming．They had to （4）s working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant．
So the children of M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hangeni decided to finish the house by（5）t ．They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened．They didn't want to delay（耽搁） their studies．Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes（灌木）．
The news about the pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oject （6）s and many people knew it．Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out．and two foreign visitors were also touched （感动） by the children's （7）a ．They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery．
After 10 days of ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd work，the new school was （8）r ．The kids were very happy but a bit worried﹣they were behind in their studies．
Besides（除…之外）this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，they also faced many （9）d ．There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students．And two or three students had to share one book．
However，the child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ren are happy to study in school﹣（10）e in their new school which they helped to build．Though their school might not be modern，their dream of having a school near their homes has come true．2-1-c-n-j-y
（E）
Can animals be m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ade to work for people Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained（训练）to do a number of simple jobs i___1__of people. They say that at a circus（杂技场）,for example, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing q___2__skillful（熟练的）things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may find that the trainer（驯兽员）always g__3 __the animal some sugar o__4 __a piece of fruit as a reward（报酬）. The scientists say that many d__5__animals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they know they will get a reward f__6__doing that.
Of course, as we kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w, dogs can be trained to look after a house, and soldiers in both old and modern t__7__have u__8__geese to give warning（警报）by m__9__a lot of noise when an enemy comes near. And also it may be possible to train animals to work in families orf__10__.
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