2022年中考专题复习之七选五阅读课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
专 题 复 习
七选五阅读
Step1. Leading in
Problems:
时间不够
1
连错现象
2
看不懂
3
Step2. 题型解读
七选五阅读考什么？
题型解读
体裁 话题 字数 文段 总结句 根据 关键词 前后句
连接
2017 说明文 介绍荷兰利用集装箱解决住房问题的创新方法 267 79 77，80 76，78
2018 说明文 介绍音乐与语言的联系 269 78 76，79 77，80
2019 说明文 介绍自种果蔬的益处 300 77，80 76，78 79
2020 说明文 介绍人们使用社交媒体的情况 235 76，79 78 77，80
2021 议论文 阐述成功与失败的关系，强调失败的重要性 370 74，77 75，76 73
七选五阅读题型解读
选项内容：
过渡性句(文章结构)
2
1
主题句(文章整体结构)
3
注释性句(上下文逻辑关系)
七选五阅读题型解读
七选五阅读题型主要考查考生对文章的主旨大意、整体结构及上下文逻辑意义的理解，要求考生根据短文结构和内容，从方框中所给的七个选项中选择五个还原到短文中，从而使短文语意通顺、结构完整。
Step3. 解题步骤
七选五阅读怎么做？
The Value of Negative Results
We all avoid failure(失败), and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible.
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success. 73___ In the past ten years, for example, some scientific magazines have published reports of failed tests. It is believed that scientists can learn from “negative(负面的)” results and that this can finally lead to positive results.
74___ The ABN AMRO bank started an Institute(机构)of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company had failure parties to study the drugs(药物) that don’t work.
In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. 75___ The product, though unique(独特的) at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features(特点)didn’t work properly. As a result, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it. In time, this led to the production of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.
76___ Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also be persistent(执着的). Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort became successful.
All in all, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. 77___ .
What does success usually come after Failure. It seems that one cannot exist(存在) without the other.
Topic:
失败与成功是同一枚硬币的两面，两者是相互依存的。
体裁:议论文
The Value of Negative Results
We all avoid failure(失败), and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. What does success usually come after Failure. It seems that one cannot exist(存在) without the other.
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success. 73___ In the past ten years, for example, some scientific magazines have published reports of failed tests. It is believed that scientists can learn from “negative(负面的)” results and that this can finally lead to positive results.
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
C. In the early 1990s, Apple created a phone called the Apple Newton.
D. The business world already understands the value of negative results.
E. The Apple Newton has won popularity with people all over the world.
F. However, things are slowly changing, especially in business and science.
G. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us an important lesson about failure.
F
段中：设空前后的关键词和逻辑关系
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success. However, things are slowly changing, especially in business and science. In the past ten years, for example, some scientific magazines have published reports of failed tests. It is believed that scientists can learn from “negative(负面的)” results and that this can finally lead to positive results.
74___ The ABN AMRO bank started an Institute(机构)of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company had failure parties to study the drugs(药物) that don’t work.
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
C. In the early 1990s, Apple created a phone called the Apple Newton.
D. The business world already understands the value of negative results.
E. The Apple Newton has won popularity with people all over the world.
G. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us an important lesson about failure.
段首：主题句或过渡句(承上启下)
D
In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. 75___ The product, though unique(独特的) at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features(特点)didn’t work properly. As a result, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it. In time, this led to the production of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
C. In the early 1990s, Apple created a phone called the Apple Newton.
E. The Apple Newton has won popularity with people all over the world.
G. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us an important lesson about failure.
段中：设空前后的关键词和逻辑关系
C
排除干扰项：
1、主题句宽泛/以偏概全/偏离主题/与主题意思相反；
2、过渡句与行文不符；
3、上下文脱节。
In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple created a phone called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique(独特的) at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features(特点)didn’t work properly. As a result, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it. In time, this led to the production of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.
76___ Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also be persistent(执着的). Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort became successful.
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
G. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us an important lesson about failure.
G
段首：主题句或过渡句(承上启下)
G项是一个承上启下的过渡句。前文介绍了Apple Newton手机的故事，后文介绍人们从这件事中可以得到教训。
All in all, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. 77___ .
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
段尾：总结
We all avoid failure(失败), and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. What does success usually come after Failure. It seems that one cannot exist(存在) without the other.
文章结构：总—分—总，首尾呼应，强调失败的重要性，最后得出成功与失败是同一枚硬币的两面，两者相互依存的道理。
A
1、快速阅读文章，了解文章主旨大意；
2、看选项和设空位置，缩小范围；
3、结合空格处前后文的关键词及备选项，选出答案；
Step3. 解题步骤
Summary
4、通读全文，确定答案。
Step4. 解题技巧
1、细节类题型解题技巧
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success. 73___ In the past ten years, for example, some scientific magazines have published reports of failed tests. It is believed that scientists can learn from “negative(负面的)” results and that this can finally lead to positive results.
D. The business world already understands the value of negative results.
E. The Apple Newton has won popularity with people all over the world.
F. However, things are slowly changing, especially in business and science.
G. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us an important lesson about failure.
解题技巧1：注意逻辑关系
F
however表转折关系
Our home is near the center of Beirut,Lebanon,one of the largest cities in the Middle East. There are lots of cafes and restaurants, which open late at night. It’s very convenient and you can always find what you need. 77. _____
A. However, it can be noisy at night.
B. There are no buses or trains here.
D. There is quite a lot of traffic during the day.
A
however表转折关系
Exercise 1
How would you feel if your school banned(禁止) mobile phones in class
In February,the Ministry of Education announced that mobile phones should be banned in primary and middle schools. 73._____ This also plans to prevent them from becoming addicted(上瘾的) to the Internet and online games.
D. Students should decide to use mobile phones by themselves.
E. Some schools have come up with ideas to solve problems like Ge's.
G.This plans to protect students’ eyesight and make sure they pay attention to their studies.
Exercise 2
G
also表并列或递进关系
1. 并列与递进关系：and, also, what’s more, in addtion, moreover, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also, firstly, secondly, thirdly…. 等。
2. 因果关系： because, as, for, since, therefore, so, as a result等。
3. 转折与让步关系：but, however, yet, while, instead of, rather than, even if, though, although, even though, even if等。
4. 时间先后顺序：firstly, at first, last, at last, finally, then, next, later, second, third, to begin with, to start with等。
Summary
逻辑关系线索法
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
C. In the early 1990s, Apple created a phone called the Apple Newton.
解题技巧2：注意代词指代
C
代词的作用是用来指代前面提及的名词或句子。一定要注意代词表指代意义时，前后人称与数保持一致性。
In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. 75___ The product, though unique(独特的) at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features(特点)didn’t work properly. As a result, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it.
74. ____ They use a credit card(信用卡)to change their real money into digital money, and then the money goes into the digital currency account. A lot of people wonder “Why should I change my real money into digital currency ” This is a fair question, but there’s a good answer.
A. Lots of people have digital currency accounts(账户).
B. You have to decide whether or not you trust this new invention.
C. Cash is very important for everyone in our daily life.
A
Exercise 3
解题技巧3：注意词汇复现
C
In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. 75___ The product, though unique(独特的) at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features(特点)didn’t work properly. As a result, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it.
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
C. In the early 1990s, Apple created a phone called the Apple Newton.
词汇复现即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要是指同词复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。
Spread Chinese tea culture.
Of course, one of the most welcome benefits of drinking tea is to admire and enjoy Chinese culture.We Chinese are always proud of these valuable culture.77____ Whether you are reading the book called Chajing, or learning exact art of making tea from professional teachers, you are making the culture carried on and known by more people.
E. There are more and more tea clubs and tea art shows in the neighborhood.
F. To people of different jobs and ages, it is also a relaxing activity.
G. As a symbol of Chinese traditional culture, tea is getting more and more popular all over the world.
G
Exercise 4
Step4. 解题技巧
2、篇章结构类题型解题技巧
76___ Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also be persistent(执着的). Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort became successful.
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
E. The Apple Newton has won popularity with people all over the world.
G. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us an important lesson about failure.
解题技巧4：注意文章结构
G
段首：承上启下，G项是一个过渡句。
Learning any language can be a challenge. To be a really successful language learner, you need to make the new language part of your life and part of what you do each day.73._____
Use the language for something you enjoy.
You will learn more quickly if you use the language more often. The best way is to use it to do something you enjoy. No matter what your hobby is,for example, travel,sport, music,fashion, art or reading the news, try to do it in the new language.
Listen to songs.
B.You can find lots of songs o n your computer or your mobile.
E.Here are some tips for you to learn a foreign language.
F. If you don't make those mis takes, then they can't help you improve.
E
Here be结构通常为过渡句，用于引出下文。
Exercise 5
4. _____
Girls who play sports feel better about themselves. Why Because it builds up confidence when you know you can practice, improve, and achieve your goals. Sports are also feel-good activities because they help girls get in shape, keep a healthy weight, and make new friends, and they'll become more confident.
A. Playing sports helps girls improve.
B. Exercise improves family relationship.
D. Sports make girls thinner and more beautiful.
空格为段落标题，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
A
干扰项,以偏概全
Exercise 6
Summary
段首:主题句/承上启下
段尾:总结/承上启下
Step4. 解题技巧
细节类题型
篇章结构类题型
逻辑关系
代词指代
词汇复现
解题技巧
段中/自然段:承上启下
Step5. Exercise
Finish exercise 7
Do you know the reason why we feel tired in the middle of a class Maybe you would say it is because the teacher's class is boring.1. ____ Perhaps this is something you have not paid enough attention to or not yet noticed.
Purpose of sleep
2. ____ Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say, “When you close your eyes and need to rest,sleep is just the very best!” This is more than advice.
Sleep time
Enough sleep is important to us. How much sleep do we need New-born babies sleep most of the time. They can sleep 20-22 hours a day.Children need 10-12 hours of sleep a day.Teenagers need 8-10hours of sleep a day because they need lots of energy to grow into their adult bodies. Grown-ups usually need 6-8 hours of sleep to keep active.3____. That is why old people sleep less than young people.
Interesting facts
Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep, but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up. 4.____ More surprisingly, some mayeven get up in their dreams and walk around. This is called “sleepwalking”. Are you a sleepwalker Or, is there a sleepwalker around you
5.____
It’s not just people that love to snooze(打盹).In fact, many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits. Some animals, such as bears and hedgehogs, sleep all through winter. The swift is a very fast bird that can sleep while it flies! Cute koalas sleep around 18 hours a day. Giraffes don’t need much sleep at all. They usually sleep when standing up.
Topic: sleep 睡眠
Exercise 7
体裁:说明文
A. Sleepy animals.
B. Clever animals.
C. Why do we need sleep
D. Some people talk in their dreams.
E. Some people never dream while they sleep.
F. The older you get, the less sleep you will need.
G. However, the real reason is probably that we don’t have enough sleep.
Do you know the reason why we feel tired in the middle of a class Maybe you would say it is because the teacher's class is boring.1. ____ Perhaps this is something you have not paid enough attention to or not yet noticed.
reason同词复现，however前后有转折之意。
G
Exercise 7
Purpose of sleep
2. ____ Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say, “When you close your eyes and need to rest,sleep is just the very best!” This is more than advice.
A. Sleepy animals.
B. Clever animals.
C. Why do we need sleep
D. Some people talk in their dreams.
E. Some people never dream while they sleep.
F. The older you get, the less sleep you will need.
C
Purpose of sleep
2. ____ Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say, “When you close your eyes and need to rest,sleep is just the very best!” This is more than advice.
Exercise 7
Sleep time
Enough sleep is important to us. How much sleep do we need New-born babies sleep most of the time. They can sleep 20-22 hours a day.Children need 10-12 hours of sleep a day.Teenagers need 8-10hours of sleep a day because they need lots of energy to grow into their adult bodies. Grown-ups usually need 6-8 hours of sleep to keep active.3____. That is why old people sleep less than young people.
A. Sleepy animals.
B. Clever animals.
D. Some people talk in their dreams.
E. Some people never dream while they sleep.
F. The older you get, the less sleep you will need.
F
Sleep time
Enough sleep is important to us. How much sleep do we need New-born babies sleep most of the time. They can sleep 20-22 hours a day.Children need 10-12 hours of sleep a day.Teenagers need 8-10hours of sleep a day because they need lots of energy to grow into their adult bodies. Grown-ups usually need 6-8 hours of sleep to keep active.3____. That is why old people sleep less than young people.
Exercise 7
Interesting facts
Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep, but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up. 4.____ More surprisingly, some mayeven get up in their dreams and walk around. This is called “sleepwalking”. Are you a sleepwalker Or, is there a sleepwalker around you
D
A. Sleepy animals.
B. Clever animals.
D. Some people talk in their dreams.
E. Some people never dream while they sleep.
Exercise 7
Interesting facts
Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep, but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up. 4.____ More surprisingly, some mayeven get up in their dreams and walk around. This is called “sleepwalking”. Are you a sleepwalker Or, is there a sleepwalker around you
5.____
It’s not just people that love to snooze(打盹).In fact, many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits. Some animals, such as bears and hedgehogs, sleep all through winter. The swift is a very fast bird that can sleep while it flies! Cute koalas sleep around 18 hours a day. Giraffes don’t need much sleep at all. They usually sleep when standing up.
D
A. Sleepy animals.
B. Clever animals.
E. Some people never dream while they sleep.
A
干扰项，本段只谈论一些动物爱睡觉的事实
Exercise 7
Step6. Summary (解题步骤及技巧总结)
1、快速阅读文章，关注首尾段和首尾句，了解文章主旨大意，判断文章结构；
2、看选项和设空位置，缩小范围，找出关键词，判断该空前后内容的逻辑关系，选出答案；
3、捕捉上下文出现的同(近)义词、反义词；
4、注意代词指代，注意前文找出代词指代的内容；
5、干扰选项代入原文，看连贯性和逻辑性；
6、带着答案通读全文，作最后检查，确定答案。
Thank you!