高三英语
大单元整体学习系统重构学程设计
Proof Reading
Class_____________
Group____________
Name_____________
2020-2021高三英语短文改错专题
Overall Construction
【Learning Objectives】
1. Have a clear understanding of what “the Proof Reading” is testing you.
2. Learn the practical steps and experience to solve it.
3. Make a plan to make up for your weak test-points.
【Context and Task】
高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。旨在主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变,知识层次多,覆盖面广,包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等,是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。
Activity 1. Read and understand what “the Proof Reading”is testing you and learn how to solve the problems.
一、考察形式
高考短文改错的短文通常只有110个词左右,文体多为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文(以书信为主)。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活,多为考生所熟知,且话题贴近学生,有的带点幽默,有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂,材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇;句子结构简单,基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句;语言地道,符合英语语言习惯。各种错误所占比例为
多、少、错的比例分别是1:1:8。
二、短文改错的主要错误
1、语法方面。主要考察动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、名词和代词的各种形式、主谓一致、冠词、连词、介词、词形(指应该用动词、名词、形容词还是副词形式,以及平行结构中词的正确形式)
2、行文逻辑方面。主要考察人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词。句子的并列,递进,转折,因果关系和时间的先后顺序等。
三、答题原则
1.“规范性”原则:要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。要记住“——”、“∧”、“\”分别表示错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。
2.“四不改”原则:①单词拼写不改;②大小写不改;③词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑);④标点符号不改。
3.“四改动”原则:①忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意);②错误以改动最少为原则;③虚词以添加或者删除为原则;④实词以改变形式为原则。
四、历年常考考点
1、冠词
2、谓语动词形
3、非谓语
4、名词数
5、形容词、副词
6、代词
7、介词和固定搭配
8、复合句连词、疑问词
9、逻辑
五、解题步骤:
1、快速浏览,了解大意。对于简单有把握的错,可以先改出来;
2、再读一遍,上下求索,改出其余错误。根据上下文逻辑关系,改出错误;
3、通读全文,检查确认。特别要注意,必考点的排查。
Activity 2. Read aloud and memorize the key common points in the test.
下面是归纳的短文改错常考知识点以供大家参考:
改错技巧:
1.名词:单复数,可数、不可数, one of +adj.最高级(有例外)+名词复数
改:one/some of my friend
2.介词:多/少/错 on Monday mornings on Monday morning
注意:this/that/next/last 短语前无介词 但是On that day例外
home, here,there前无介词 但是at home例外
改:1) I came here in last week. 2)In next week I will come.
3)On this Monday,I was ill. 4)on my way to home
注意:Go/live/study abroad. 出国/住在国外/出国留学 aboard = on board上船、飞机
只有:nothing but nothing except
3.冠词:多/少/错,a/an/the的区别 注意:元音前用an
特殊:a+university/Europe/European/useful...(辅音因素开头之前)
an+honest/honour/hour/(元音因素开头之前)
改:This is an useful book. This is a honest man.
改:what a fun/ have a fun/ It is a fun to do /for a fun
4.代词:
1)单复数,this/these/that/those
2)性别
3)主格、宾格、形容词物主代词、名词性物主代词
4)反身代词(一个句子中一个人出现2次后面一般用反身代词herself/himself/themselves...即主语和宾语一致),注意:反身代词不能作形容词,如:我自己的my/my own
例:He taught himself English.
5)不定代词 (疑问句中something =>anything,somebody=>anybody),
5.形容词:
1)形副混用, 2)错用反义词
3)比较级-er最高级-est, 改:one month late
4)few少的+可数n.,little几乎没有的+不可数n., a few几个+可数n., a little 一点+不可数n.
many+可数n, much+不可数n.的修饰对象;
5) 注意:-ing和-ed做形容词的混用:
改:The book is bored.
6.副词:比较级-er,最高级-est,形副混用,much /very 的累赘使用。
改:He is very much cleverer.
7.连词:
1)注意:so…that … 中的so,不能用very/too...
too … to.. ./ because ,because of/so as to,so that/in order to,in order that
although/though/while 不跟 but ,可跟yet,still
2)注意:but , or, and(前后一致:-ing and –ing; -ed and –ed; -s and -s据意义确定并列词 )
8、动词:-s,-ed,-ing, to do
1)注意非谓语形式ing/to do /ed
例:使役动词(使...)let sb do
have sb do(doing/done)
make sb do/done
get/leave sb to do(doing/done)
see ...doing/do /done(be seen to do/doing/done)
help sb do
spend time doing sth
look forward to doing
like doing/to do
after doing sth / before doing sth
除.....别无选择have nothing to do but do
can’t do anything but do= can do nothing but do
have no choice but to do
can’t/couldn’t help doing
frightened eyes/voice/expression
改:I went there study.
He said he has finished her homework.
He was surrounding by children.
2)注意be动词be/been的遗漏或者多余,
改:I have been drunk. He has been gone there.
3)注意助动词(has,have,do,does,did)
9.各类关系词:熟练掌握各类从句,
1)名从(主、宾、表、同)指物:what, 尤其注意宾语从句。
有时可以有2种改法: all that = what
改:All which he can do is sleeping.=>All that he can do is sleeping.或 What he can do is sleeping
改:People wonder that it could be.
2)定从指物: which/that;
3)满足“,”+指物或代前句才用which,
改:He lived in Beijing,where is our capital.
3)when 的特殊用法:be about to do sth when suddenly.. (正在这时)
be doing sth when suddenly (正在这时)
Sb had done sth when sb did sth
4)while的特殊用法: I like music while he likes maths. (然而)
While I like him, I don’t agree with him. (尽管)
5) as well 区别as well as:as well相当于too 也 (置于句首)
改: He likes maths as well chemistry.
6)区别:however 然而 therefore 因此(后有逗号,but&so后无逗号)
改:He is a little boy; therefore he is independent.
He is a little boy; however he can’t go to school.
在英语学习中,技巧只占了很小的比例,关键在于词汇量以及句法、语法知识是否牢固,所以,在做短文改错时,一定要注意纠错,因为一个错误就对应一个知识漏洞,纠错是一个量的积累。总之,同学们一定要重视基础知识,重视一轮复习,这样在后续的套题训练时才能有质的飞跃。
Overall Exploration & Transfer
【Learning Objectives】
1. Experience the passages of Proof reading and summarize the test points
2. Study them and work out the practical solutions through team work
3. Share your good ideas and what you want to improve through our theme project.
【Context and Task】
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作业,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Activity3. Do the exercises,each for 7-8minutes详见《赢在微点》“专题微练”的短文改错。
Activity4. Check the answers, solve the problems through team work
Activity5. Memorize the key usages and summarize the useful skills.
Summarize the useful skills and you can make notes here:
Extension& Test
【Learning Objectives】
1. Be familiar with the test points and clear the way of solving Proof reading by practice.
2. Analyze the text and try to summarize techniques by group work.
3. Stimulate students’ interest and improve their self-confidence.
【Context and Task】
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作业,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Activity 6. Finish the exercises of Proof -reading ,each for 7-8minutes.(2017-2022高考改错)
Activity 7. Solve the problems through group discussion and summarize the key points and useful skills.
Activity8. Memorize the key usages.
Passage 1
Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are:Who will you go in times of trouble Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
Passage 2
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
Passage 3
Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove,I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together."Not that way,"my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished.
Passage 4
Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. I’m surely you’ll have a good time. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day. Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.
Passage 5
My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us. For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples. I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.
But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
Passage 6
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
Passage 7
Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
Passage 8
I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
Passage 9
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond, which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
Passage 10
When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
Passage 11
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well." Immediate, I raised my hand.
Passage 12
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
Passage 13
Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables.
Passage 14
When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
参考答案:
1.1.are→is
2.go后加to
3.friend→friends
4.删除turn后的out
5.little→few
6.our→their
7.talk→talking
8.kept→keep
9.where→when/whenever
10.mostly→most
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于学生在碰到问题后的解决方式的问卷调查结果。
【详解】
1.考查主谓一致。句意:其中的一个问题是:你遇到麻烦时会去找谁?one of the +名词复数,意为“……之一”,为单数含义,所以其后的系动词应用单数。结合句意,此处指问卷调查中的一个问题,所以为客观事实,时态用一般现在时。故are改为is。
2.考查固定结构。句意同上。短语go to sb.“求助于某人”相当于短语turn to sb. for help。故go后加to。
3.考查名词复数。句意:许多同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲,因为他们是同龄人,能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词,结合句中their,所以此处要用复数。故friend改为friends。
4.考查固定短语。句意:一些说他们会向他们的父母或老师求助。固定短语turn to sb. for help,意为“向某人求助”,所以此处删除介词out。故删除turn后的out。
5.考查代词。句意:只有一些人选择自己解决问题。结合上文“Many students say...”及“Some will turn...”可知,此处指一些学生。student为可数名词,应用a few代指。a little通常代指不可数名词。故little改为few。
6.考查代词。句意同上。短语on one’s own,意为“独自”,结合句意可知,此处指学生们独自完成,所以要用代词their。故our改为their。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.,意为“不喜欢做某事”,doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
8.考查时态。句意:他们很自闭。结合前文可知,文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。
9.考查连词。句意:在我看来,当我们有麻烦时(无论什么时候我们有麻烦时),我们应该从我们最相信的人们那里寻求帮助。分析可知,本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主句为we should seek help...,从句表示的含义为无论什么时候我们有麻烦或者当我们有麻烦时,所以应用when/whenever引导。故where改为when/whenever。
10.考查副词。句意同上。副词mostly,意为“大多数”;most意为“最”,此处指最相信的人,指程度。故mostly改为most。
2.1. dish→dishes
2. tidying→tidy
3. whatever→whenever
4. doing前加from
5. was→is
6. 去掉are
7. most→more
8. mentally→mental
9. our→my
10. hopes→hope
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对于做家务这件事的看法以及做家务会带来的好处。
【详解】
1. 考查名词单复数。句意:饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。
2. 考查动词。句意:我也给院子里的花浇水,必要时打扫我自己的卧室。分析句子结构以及并列连词and可知,此处tidy up是并列谓语。根据上文的“water the flowers”可知,句子要使用一般现在时。主语第一人称I,谓语动词用原型。故将tidying改为tidy。
3. 考查连词。句意:我也给院子里的花浇水,必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知,此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”,所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。
4. 考查介词。句意:在我看来,学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语“benefit......from...... ”译为“从……中获益”。故在doing前加from。
5. 考查时态。句意:首先,做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据全文时态可知,本文陈述客观事实需要用一般现在时。主语doing housework为单数,谓语也用单数。故将was改为is。
6. 考查动词。句意:同时,这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情,改善了家庭关系。根据句意可知,此处表达“去做他们喜欢的事情”,动词like译为“喜欢”满足句意;所以动词like前的系动词are多余。故删去are。
7. 考查固定搭配。句意:此外,做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定短语“what’s more”译为“此外”。故将most改为more。
8. 考查形容词。句意:同时,这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情,改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。
9. 考查人称代词。句意:这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知,此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。故将our改为my。
10. 考查祈使句。句意:希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考!分析句子结构可知,此处为祈使句,所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。
3.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者做西红柿炒鸡蛋的过程。
【详解】
1.考查形容词。句意:今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故将simply改为simple。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词,后接动词原形,to多余,故将to去掉。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。
5.考查连词。句意:首先我把西红柿切成块,并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系,应使用and连接,故将but改为and。
6.考查名词复数。句意:下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里,然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词,意为“筷子”,通常以复数形式出现,故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
7.考查介词。句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅,然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知,把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子,所以此处应使用短语turn on,故将off改为n。
8.考查连词。句意:我耐心等待,直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热,应使用until/till引导时间状语从句,故将unless改为until/till。
9.考查冠词。句意:然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan,所以其前应加定冠词the,故在pan前the。
10.考查代词。句意:“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据上文可知,是作者一个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为me。
4.1.what→which
2.come后加to
3.surely→sure
4.start→started
5.for→but / yet
6.vacations→vacation
7.such→so
8.去掉on
9.yours→your / you
10.sooner→soon
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章作者给他的朋友回信。很高兴听说他的朋友在学功夫,也很期待能和他一起学习中国功夫。
【详解】
1.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:谢谢你的来信,你的信真正让我开心。分析句子,逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词your letter,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.
2. 考查固定搭配。句意:我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。分析句子,此处come为不及物动词,后接宾语是需加相应介词。come to 译为“来到”是故定短语。故在come 和China之间加to。
3. 考查形容词。句意:我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子,此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
4.考查时态。句意:事实上,我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子,此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候,动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
5.考查连词。句意:但我早就不练习了。分析句子,此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”,后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but / yet。
6.考查不可数名词。句意:幸运的是,两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子,vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词,后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
7.考查副词。句意:然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它,这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子,此处应表示“以便;所以”。故将such改为so.
8.考查介词。句意:我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”,前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余,应去掉。
9.考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
10.考查固定短语。句意:希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”,是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。
5.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者的妈妈坚持让全家人吃健康食物,确保每个人身体好。一开始,家人有些排斥。在母亲的坚持下,我充满感激地接受了母亲的好意。
【详解】
第一处:考查固定短语。句意:我的妈妈真的关心我们家庭里每个人的健康。be concerned with关心,该短语是固定短语,所以concerning改成concerned。
第二处:考查名词单复数。句意同上。family当“家庭”讲时,是集合名词,这里表示“我们一个家庭”,所以用单数,families改成family。
第三处:考查固定短语。句意:为了确保我们所有人身体好,她为我们制定了特殊的计划。 make sure确保,该短语是固定短语,所以surely改成sure。
第四处:考查简单句。句意同上。这是一个简单句,前面in order to…作目的状语,不用连词and,所以去掉and。
第五处:考查冠词。句意:例如:每天早晨,我的父亲不得不喝一碗鸡蛋汤,然而,我不得不吃一个苹果。泛指“一碗鸡蛋汤”,bowl以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,所以the改成a。
第六处:考查时态。根据时间状语every morning,可知这里表示经常或反复发生的事情,用一般现在时,主语为I,谓语动词要用原形。所以had改成have。
第七处:考查主谓一致。句意:我爸爸不喜欢汤,我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情,用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,所以don’t改成doesn’t。
第八处:考查固定句型。句意:我告诉我妈妈,如果我们被迫吃东西,我们可能会生病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事,所以forced 后面加to。
第九处:考查代词。句意:但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”,是女性,所以he改成she。
第十处:考查定语从句。句意:出于对妈妈好意的理解,我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句,先行词是all the food,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,可用that或which,先行词被all所修饰,只能使用that,不能使用which,且what不能引导定语从句,所以what改成that。
6.interesting→interested
where→when
football前面加上a
but→and
hardly→hard
surprising→surprise
player→players
say→saying
now→then
去掉my
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历,喜欢上了踢足球,逐渐成长为一名优秀球员。
【详解】
1. 考查形容词用法。句意:多亏一个偶然的事件,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。interesting意为“使人感兴趣的”,常修饰物;interested意为“感兴趣的”,常修饰人。主语是I,故将interesting改为interested。
2. 考查定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是one afternoon,关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语,所以此处应用表示时间的when。故将where改为when。
3. 考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a。
4. 考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5. 考查副词。句意为:我挡住足球,并使劲地将它踢回操场。“hard(努力地;费力地)”与“hardly(几乎不;几乎没有)”都为副词,但是词义不同,根据语境,此处要用hard。故将hardly改为hard。
6. 考查固定搭配。“to one’s surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是……”,是固定搭配。故将surprising改为surprise。
7. 考查名词的数。“player(运动员)”为可数名词,所以all(所有的)后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
8. 考查现在分词。句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语,与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为saying。
9. 考查语境。句意:从那时开始,我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。“from now on(从现在开始)”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生的动作或存在的情况,不能用一般过去时。此处表示“从那时起”,是from then on,故将now改为then。
10. 考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”,中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。
7.job→jobs
coolly→cool
five→fifth
too→very/so
chemistry后面加上in/at
or→and
They→There
amazing→amazed
去掉more
is→was
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小到大自己的职业梦想随着求学经历不断改变的过程。
【详解】
1. 考查名词的数。“job(工作;职业)”为可数名词,用different(不同的)修饰时意思为不同种类的工作,应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
2. 考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked(看起来)”为系动词,系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
3. 考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的,所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词,故将five改为fifth。如果是Grade在前,则可以用基数词。
4. 考查副词。句意:在五年级的时候,因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师,所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思,可与that连用表示“如此……以至于”。而“too much”表太多,一般与to搭配,表达否定意思“太……以至于不能……”。本句话表达肯定意思,故将too改为very/so。
5. 考查介词。“在高中”需要在地点名词前加介词in或者at,故在high school前加in/at。
6. 考查连词。句意:在高中学化学的时候,我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。“重新考虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系,不是选择关系。故将or改为and。
7. 考查there be句型。句意:这项决定有两个原因。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系,且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释,故此处要用there be句型。故将they改为there。
8. 考查形容词用法。句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多,对此我感到惊奇。amazed意为“(使)大为惊奇”,amazing意为“令人惊奇的”。本句话中主语为I,表示“感到惊奇”,故将amazing改为amazed。
9. 考查形容词比较级。句中better为well(健康;身体好)的比较级形式,多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more加形容词或副词,即more不能与better连用。故将more去掉。
10. 考查一般过去时。本篇文章的基础时态是一般过去时,且与最后一句并列的“one was that...”用的也是一般过去时,所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
8.opens→open
required→requires
ordinarily→ordinary
cafe后面加上to
去掉like
yourselves→themselves
what→that/which
manage→managing
city→cities
an→a
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文,本文讲述了作者的梦想是开咖啡馆。
【详解】
1. 考查不定式的用法。不定式作表语,to后用动词原形。故把opens改为open。
2. 考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现在时,故把required改为requires。
3. 考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe,应用形容词,ordinarily是副词。故把ordinarily改为 ordinary。
4. 考查动词的固定搭配。want sb to do sth想要某人做某事。故在have前加to。
5. 考查介词的用法。such as和like都是用来举例子,重复了。故把like删除。
6. 考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语,故把yourselves改为themselves。
7. 考查定语从句。先行词environment在从句中作主语,指物,关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
8. 考查固定短语。succeed in doing something意为“成功做了某事”,是固定短语。故把manage改为managing。
9. 考查名词单复数。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。
10. 考查冠词的用法。an用在元音音素前,a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的单词,前用a。故把an改为a。
9.During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed.
【解析】
【详解】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶过程中的所见所闻,由此讲述了乡下的巨大变化。
1. countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下,故加定冠词the。
2. find改成found 考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知,事件发生在过去,故用过去时。故将find改成found。
3. another改成other 考查形容词的用法。他们住在一个小房子里,院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。another表示“总数为三个以上中任意的另一个”,other表示“别的”,“另外的”,只能与复数名词连用。根据后面的animals可知,将another改成other。
4. here改成there 考查副词及语意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。
5. chicken改成chickens 考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知,其后用名词复数形式。
6. which前加in或改为where 考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。
7. sell改成selling 考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词,故用selling。
8. happily改成happy 考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高,我感到很高兴。felt在此是系动词,要用形容词作表语,故将happily改成happy。
9. 删除for 考查介词的用法。时间名词有every,each,last等词修饰时,其前不用介词。故删除for。
10. but改成and 考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次,他同意了。此处是并列关系,故将but改成and。
点睛:本文中第9处改错是学生容易忽视的考点。时间名词有every,each,last,this,that等词修饰时,其前不用介词。
例:We are going to fish this morning.
I finished the course last winter holiday.
10.When I was little, night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all in the sitting room. As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的个人经历。小时候周五夜晚家长不允许作者看卡通片,而是让他和他们一块儿玩扑克牌游戏。长大后作者才明白,这些纸牌游戏在后来的生活中很有用。
第一处:考查名词。名词作定语,往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”,并不是所有关系,故把Friday’s改为Friday。
第二处:考查名词单复数。all表示三者或三者以上,后用名词复数。故把sort改为sorts。
第三处:考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”,a用在表示泛指的单数名词前,the表示特指。故把the改为a。
第四处:考查动词不定式。句意:无论我要求多少次要去看(卡通片)。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改为watch。
第五处:考查情态动词。would后跟动词原形,故把to删除。
第六处:考查代词。句意:他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词,是对“我”说,前面提到的I,而不是we。故把us改为me。
第七处:考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事,不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情况,故用过去时。所以在unwilling前加was。
第八处:考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”,故把for改为with。第九处:考查时态。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般过去时。故把are改为were。
第十处:考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语,而是时间状语。故把where改为when。
点晴:名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的区别。一般来说,名词作定语通常说明被修饰的词的性质,而名词所有格作定语则强调对被修饰的词的所有(权)关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。“the Party members(党员)”中,名词定语表示members的性质;“the Party’s calls(党的号召)”中,Party具有动作发出者的作用,calls虽然是名词,却具有动作的含义。a student teacher实习教师,a student’s teacher一位学生的老师。
11.
【解析】
【详解】
本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了写作课上作者克服恐惧心理主动回答问题的故事。
第一处:考查时态构成。根据语境可知,句子用过去完成时,过去完成时的构成是had done,所以begin要改为begun。
第二处:考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析,本句有谓语为was,而且没有连词,与主语是主动关系,所以wait 要用非谓语waiting,表伴随。
第三处:考查连词。句意:每个人都沉默了,等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人,男女两者是选择关系,故把and改为or。
第四处:考查固定搭配。be eager to do sth渴望做某事,故eager后加to。
第五处:考查代词错误。句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself,或改为定冠词the也可以。
第六处:考查固定结构。be afraid to do害怕做某事,所以that为多余,删掉。
第七处:考查比较级。句意:我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意思,故把larger改为large。
第八处:考查主谓一致。that作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。
第九处:考查名词单复数。错误不是一个,所以要用复数。
第十处:考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子,故把immediate改为immediately。
【点睛】此题中的难点为非谓语动词的考查,如第二处错误,第五处错误,第二处解答时要分析句子结构,根据句中是否有谓语,连词来判断使用谓语还是非谓语,再根据句子主语everyone,与wait 之间为主动关系,所以要用现在分词。而第五处则主要考查be afraid to do 这一短语。
12.
【解析】
【详解】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暑假期间考驾照第一天发生的故事。
1. 考查数词。在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假。eighteen意思为“十八,十八个”,表示数量,eighteenth表示“第十八个的”,故将eighteen改为eighteenth。
2. 考查冠词。我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天,所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my,my first day表示“我(学驾照)的第一天”。故在first前加the或my。
3. 考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话,结果一发动车,脑中一片空白。所以前后文为转折关系。故将so改为but。
4. 考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时,故将goes改为went。
5. 考查单复数。教练一直喊“加速”,“减速”,“左转”。 word的意思主要是“单词,消息”,words 可以表示为word的复数,表示某人说的话。这里指教练说的那些话,故将word改为words。
6. 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”,“减速”,“左转”都是祈使句,根据前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形,故将Turning改为Turn。
7. 考查固定句型。我如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左。固定句型so...that表示“如此...以至于....”,much为多余成分。故将much去掉。
8. 考查副词。做形容词的时候,later是late的比较级,如:Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later.(他们的截止日期很迟.我们的更迟.)做副词的时候,late是迟的意思,later是稍后、随后的意思。句意:几分钟之后。故将late改为later。
9. 考查形容词。我紧急刹车。suddenly是副词,表示“意外地,忽然地”。 sudden为形容词,表示“突然的;迅速的”。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。
10. 考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”,on the road表示“在路上”, the middle of the road表示“路的中央”,强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。
13.1. all改为both
2. a改为an或one
3. interesting改为interested
4. that改为which
5. earlier改为early
6将for去掉
7. beside改为besides
8. informations改为information
9. came改为comes
10. pick前加to
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了张先生和张太太的日常工作和生活。
【详解】
1. 考查both和all的用法,both的主语是两个,而all的主语是三个或者三个以上。根据语境,此处指张先生和张太太。故将all改为both。
2. 考查冠词。因为hour是一元音音素开头卡头的词,此处指“一小时”元音,所以应用an或one。故将a改为an或者one。
3. 考查形容词。interested“感兴趣的”,一般修饰人的感情,而interesting“有趣的”,一般修饰物,由于此句的主语是人,应使用ed形式形容词。故将interesting改为interested。
4. 考查非限制性定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是their garden,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,应用关系词代词which引导。故将that改为which。
5. 考查副词。earlier是形容词比较级,修饰动词get up,应使用副词,此处没有对比,应使用副词原级。故将earlier改为early。
6. 考查动词。bought是及物动词,后无需跟介词。故将for去掉。
7. 考查副词。beside是介词,“在……旁边”,而这里需要一个副词,besides“此外”。故将beside改为besides。
8. 考查名词。information是不可数名词。故将informations改为information。
9. 考查时态。此处是时间状语从句的谓语动词,主句是一般将来时,从句应使用一般现在时表将来。故将came改为comes。
10. 考查非谓语动词。此处是词组invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”。故pick前加to。
【点睛】
高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高,就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查,而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。
一、词法改错
词法的测试包括:定冠词和不定冠词的用法;名词的单复数和名词的所有格;动词的时态、语态、语气,情态动词和非谓语动词等;人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;介词的搭配;并列连词、从属连词的用法;形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;固定搭配和习惯用法。
例如:本题中的8.informations改为information。考查名词单复数。
二、句法改错
句法的测试包括:主谓语在数上的一致性;名词性从句、定语从句和强调句;句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。
例如:4.that改为which。考查非限制性定语从句。
三、语篇改错
语篇的测试包括:上下文的时态是否一致;上下文中的代词指代是否一致;上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。例如:9.came改为comes。考查时态。
14.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者看到一张照片儿,回忆起了自己高中的生活。
【详解】
第一处:考查动词用法。动词realize是及物动词,所以将介词of去掉。
第二处:考查时态。表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态,用现在完成时,所以had改成have。
第三处:考查固定用法。not only…but also是固定用法,意思是不仅……而且……,所以and改成but。
第四处:考查语态。this photo与take之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以took改成taken。
第五处:考查时态。发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,所以become改成became。
第六处:考查冠词。特指“这张照片”,所以picture前加this/the。
第七处:考查定语从句。这里含有一个定语从句,先行词things在定语从句中作主语,指物,所以they改成that或which。
第八处:考查固定短语。different kinds of是固定短语,意思是“各种”,所以difference改成different。
第九处:考查形容词。句意:收集了最新的音乐专辑。形容词latest表示“最新的”。所以late改成latest。
第十处:考查代词。指“我的高中生活”,所以用形容词物主代词my。所以your改成my。