2022年初中英语中考备考二轮专项：语法填空必刷（二）（有答案解析）

语法填空必刷（二）
We can’t remember clearly when we started to take our mobiles to a dinner table. This happens a lot, _____1_____ (especial) when we eat out. Once a dish comes, we take out our mobiles and click, and later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “liked”. Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal, to see _____2_____ we get “liked” or not. We just cannot leave _____3_____ (we) mobiles for simply a meal.
Does that sound familiar to you Do you do that often If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner _____4_____ you
A recent study suggests that what we are used to doing is not that good. Spending time taking photos of food _____5_____ (make) the food less pleasant. To test this, some researchers did _____6_____ experiment. Some people _____7_____ (ask) to take photos before they could enjoy their food. It turned out that the _____8_____ (many) photos they took, the less delicious the food seemed to them. So, why not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food ahead of you
So, next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends, how about not _____9_____ (take) photos of food Let the food be delicious as it is _____10_____ share your life with people around you. It will be a wonderful time.
The top Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, famous for his “Super Rice”, died of illness at the age of 91 ____11____ May 22th, 2021.
Yuan Longping ____12____ (be) born in Beijing in 1930. For almost 60 years, he had given most of his time and energy to rice research. So far, the hybrid rice(杂交水稻)he developed ____13____ (pull) millions of people out of hunger all over the world. His achievements were so great ____14____ he was called “The Father of Hybrid Rice” and won World Food Prize.
During his lifetime, Yuan Longping spent ____15____ (much)time in the farm field than in his office. He was often seen watching plants ____16____ (close)and thinking of ways to improve them, just as many Chinese ____17____ (farmer)do.
Yuan once said he had ____18____ dream—to “enjoy the cool under the rice plants taller than men”. ____19____ a pity it is that he can’t continue his dream now! But surely, people believe, his dream _____20_____ (come) true in the near future.
A 63-year-old Chinese grandpa is really popular online. That’s because he can make great woodwork ___21___ glue or nails. Wang Dewen, ___22___ great Chinese woodworker, lives in Wuzhou, South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. He is known as “Grandpa Amu”. And he ___23___ (call) the modern Lu Ban, famous Chinese woodworker in ancient China.
Grandpa Amu is good at ___24___ (build) things by hand. In one of his most popular ___25___ (video), he is making a great wooden bridge by using ancient Chinese mortise and tenon skills. It means that no glue or nails are used.
Grandpa Amu uses the same skill ___26___ (make) some toys for his grandson. ___27___ once made a walking Peppa Pig for his grandson. Of all the wooden toys, his grandson thinks the walking Peppa Pig is ___28___ (cute).
“___29___ amazing Grandpa Amu is! He ____30____ (true) makes some interesting things!” One netizen says.
Do you like Grandpa Amu
Jack is a 20-year-old boy. Last month, his parents went to India on vacation. The night before his parents returned, they called Jack to pick ____31____ (they) up at the airport. It was 10 p.m. and Jack noticed the house was in ____32____ mess. He finally finished cleaning it at 3 a.m. and he fell ____33____ (sleep) quickly.
The next day, Jack woke up at 8 a.m. He should meet his parents at the airport at 8:30 a.m., but he didn’t hear his alarm go ____34____! He quickly left for the airport. When he found his parents, they had spent two hours ____35____ (wait) for him.
They were very tired. However, the situation became ____36____ (bad) when they walked to the car. Jack couldn’t find his keys! He might lose them somewhere at the airport ____37____ he was looking for his parents.
His parents just wanted to go home at that time, so they asked Jack’s uncle to pick them up. Jack stayed there to look for his keys.
Two hours later, he got home ____38____ his keys. But ____39____ a surprise! He noticed his father and uncle repairing a _____40_____ (break) window. “Did someone get into our house ” he asked. “No,” his dad explained. “When we returned home, we couldn’t find our keys and we had to break a window to get in.”
There are ___41___ (million) of recipes (菜谱) hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmother and parents. These family recipes are a special part of our family history. Some of ___42___ (they) have been passed down from generation (一代人) to generation.
But many of us find it difficult ___43___ (keep) the food connection with our busy life. Even if we have time, not many of us take the effort to collect and record the recipes from our grandmothers and parents. We often get a recipe on the phone and take it down quickly on a piece of paper. We just stick it on to the fridge for a week or two and forget about it as soon ___44___ the paper disappears from there.
Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes. Scrapbooks (剪贴薄) are ___45___ (easy) found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. ___46___ the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier. What is needed is to scan (扫描) the recipes and record the story behind each of them. It can become ___47___ (meaningful) work you have ever done with and for your family.
Keeping family recipes is ___48___ (save) and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger. Every time you remember your loved ones, recreate one of the ___49___ (dish) from your collection and let the memories from the good old days comfort you. So why not ___50___ (gift) your kids a family recipe book when they are starting a new life
Improving masks throughout（自始至终）time
Masks, a simple protective tool, have been used by people for a long time. They can protect us from other harmful things, such as smog（雾霾）and chemicals（化学物品）. ____51____ was the protective mask first invented and how did it develop Let’s take a look.
1st century
At this time, lots ____52____ people in the Roman Empire worked underground. Many died of lung（肺部）diseases caused by dust. Pliny the Elder（23-79）, a Roman philosopher（哲学家）, used animal bladders（膀胱）to protect miners（矿工）from the dust. This ____53____（be）the first recorded use of protective masks.
16th century
Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci（1452-1519）advised people to wear a cloth dipped（蘸）in water over their ____54____（face）to protect against harmful chemicals.
____55____（十九）century
In 1848, American Lewis Hassley became the first person to patent（注册专利）a protective mask. In 1897, Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von Mikulicz Radecki designed a simple mask ____56____ one layer（层）of gauze（纱布）. He advised medical workers to wear it, too. This was the first use of a surgical（外科的）mask.
20th century
In 1910, the pneumonic plague（肺鼠疫）broke out in Northeast China. Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed（设计） a face mask called “Wu’s mask”. It was made with two layers of gauze. The mask ____57____（praise）by experts around the world because it could be produced easily ____58____ cheaply.
Today
With several outbreaks of flu and the air pollution in recent years, masks have ____59____（继续）to develop. For example, in 2012, when China suffered（遭受）from smog, mask models such as N95 and KN90 became popular. They can filter out（过滤掉）fine particulate matter（微粒物）. China is now the world’s _____60_____（large）mask producer, making about half of the world’s masks.
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式壊空。
Zeng Guofan lived more than 100 years ago at the time of the Qing Dynasty(清朝). He was ____61____ scholar and official. His letters to his family ____62____ (know) and still valued by many Chinese people today.
In Zeng Guofan’s early years, he left home to study. He began to write letters to his parents and grandparents. He was always very polite ____63____ started every letter with greetings. Then he talked about the latest family news. In the replies, he could know about the ____64____(day) life of his family, so that he could feel he was still at home.
He wrote nearly 1,500 letters to his family ____65____ (most) to his younger brothers. Zeng Guofan was the eldest one in his family and he cared deeply about their ____66____ (develop). He often told them to be patient and to work hard.
In a letter to his____67____(nine) brother, Zeng Guofan encouraged him never ____68____(give) up. He told his brother that not giving up was the key to all success in life.
In letters to his children, he encouraged them to remember three things, “Work hard, be careful ____69____ money, and be modest(谦虚).” He was against the idea of ____70____ (hand) down money and possessions to children, saying they would never be hungry if they worked hard.
Parents always tell their kids to dream big, and the US has taken that to heart. A 12-year-old girl in Texas, she dreams of becoming ___71___ NASA engineer by age 16.
It may sound ___72___ (possible), but Alena is not a common girl — she’s both clever and hard-working. She is also learning Spanish and Arabic by ___73___ (she). Alena Wicker is now studying at her dream university. She shows great interest in engineering ___74___ she has great love for building things. She would love to build arover (探测器) to go to space.
Believe it or not, the story started with Lego (乐高). Ever since she was 4, Alena ___75___ (love) playing around with different types of Lego and developed a great love for building things. Little Alena used to look at the stars and said ___76___ (serious), “Mum, I’m going to work for NASA．I’m going to go up there.”
Alena is planning to write a children’s book and build a website (网站). “I’d like to encourage more girls ___77___ (follow) their dreams. Girls should also dream big and become whatever they want to be in the world.” she said.
Alena won’t let anything stop her ___78___ (achieve) her dreams. “I have a goal and I am working towards it. No matter ___79___ you’re planning to do, just go for it,” she says. “No one can hold us down. Just reach ____80____ the stars.”
How much do you know about Antarctica(南极洲) Antarctica is the coldest, windiest ____81____ emptiest place in the world. There is little rain all year round and it is one of the world’s ____82____ (dry) places. It is also home to penguins and ____83____ (difference) sea life along its coast. Cold weather over millions of years has made it very icy. In some places, the ice is about 1.9km thick.
Humans ____84____ (explore) Antarctica for many years. It is said that the first man to reach Antarctica was John Davis, ____85____ US seal hunter. After that, thousands of tourists visit the coast of Antarctica during the summer ____86____ is from November to February. They get there ____87____ (see) penguins, seals, whales and icy view.
Do you know who lives and works in Antarctica They are ____88____ (most) scientists and their assistants. The Polar Programmes in the US support the study of Antarctica. It sends more than 100 scientists to Antarctica each year. In Antarctica, some scientists study the ____89____ (move) of glaciers(冰川) and the activity of volcanoes(火山). Other scientists study animals, _____90_____ whales, seals, birds and fish.
In China, dragons stand for wisdom, power and wealth. They are also believed to bring good _____91_____ [l k] to people. To celebrate the _____92_____（important）of dragons in Chinese culture, the dragon dance was invented during the Han dynasty（朝代）. It was then used _____93_____ honoring ancestors（祖先）and praying for rain. Over time, the dragon dance developed into a _____94_____ [ k m n] festival activity. It is now often _____95_____（perform）during the Chinese New Year. During the performance, you will see a long, smart “dragon.” It is made up of many different pieces. There is a head piece, a tail piece and several pieces that form its long _____96_____. Early dragons were made with metal and _____97_____ [wud]. Today’s dragons are much often made with lightweight paper, plastic and aluminum（铝）.
Dancers use poles（杆子）to control the dragon’s body so that they can make the dragon _____98_____（come）alive. Many dancers should take part in the dragon dance _____99_____ the dragons can be quite long. The dragons used for big celebrations can be 100 meters long or even ______100______.
试卷第1页，共3页
1．especially
2．whether
3．our
4．with
5．makes
6．an
7．were asked
8．more
9．taking
10．and
【解析】
本文关注的是餐桌上用手机拍照的社会现象，建议人们停止拍照去享受面前的食物，与周围的人分享生活，分享一段美好的时光。
1．
句意：这种情况经常发生，尤其是我们出去吃饭的时候。空处修饰后面的句子，用副词，especially特别地，故填especially。
2．
句意：然后我们会在吃饭的时候时不时地查看手机，看看我们是否被“点赞”。whether…or not“是否”，固定用法，故填whether。
3．
句意：我们不能仅仅为了一顿饭就放下手机。此处作定语修饰mobiles，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填our。
4．
句意：如果没有，和你共进晚餐时，当别人这么做时，你有什么感觉？根据“when others do that when having dinner…you”可知，此处是have dinner with sb短语，意为“与某人共进晚餐”，故填with。
5．
句意：花时间拍摄食物会让食物变得不那么令人愉快。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“Spending time taking photos of food ”，谓语动词用三单，故填makes。
6．
句意：为了验证这一点，一些研究人员做了一个实验。此处泛指一个实验，用不定冠词修饰，experiment首字母发元音音素，故填an。
7．
句意：一些人被要求在享用食物前拍照。主语people是动作ask的承受者，根据“could”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是复数，be动词用were，故填were asked。
8．
句意：结果发现，他们拍的照片越多，食物对他们来说就越不美味。“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”，故填more。
9．
句意：所以，下次你和家人或朋友出去吃饭的时候，不要拍食物的照片怎么样？about是介词，其后加动名词作宾语，故填taking。
10．
句意：让食物是美味的，和你周围的人分享你的生活。“Let the food be delicious as it is”和“share your life with people around you”是并列结构，用and连接，故填and。
11．on
12．was
13．has pulled
14．that
15．more
16．closely
17．farmers
18．a
19．What
20．will come
【解析】
本文简略介绍了杂交水稻之父中国顶尖科学家袁隆平先生伟大的一生。
11．
句意：以“超级稻”闻名的中国顶尖科学家袁隆平于2021年5月22日因病去世，享年91岁。根据“May 22th, 2021”可知，这是一个具体日期，应用介词on，故填on。
12．
句意：袁隆平1930年生于北京。根据时间状语“ in 1930”可知，应用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，故填was。
13．
句意：到目前为止，他开发的杂交水稻已经使全世界数百万人摆脱了饥饿。根据句中“So far”可知，该句应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has，pull过去分词为pulled，故填has pulled。
14．
句意：他的成就是如此伟大，以至于他被称为“杂交水稻之父”，并获得世界粮食奖。so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，结合句意，故填that。
15．
句意：生前，袁隆平在农田里的时间比在办公室里的时间多。根据句中“than in his office”可知，此处应用much的比较级more，故填more。
16．
句意：人们经常看到他密切观察植物，思考如何改善它们，就像许多中国农民所做的那样。分析句子结构，空格处要修饰动词watching，所以应用副词形式；close近的，为形容词，其副词形式为closely亲密地，故填closely。
17．
句意：人们经常看到他密切观察植物，思考如何改善它们，就像许多中国农民所做的那样。farmer农民，为可数名词；根据空格前的many可知，此处应填farmer的复数形式为farmers，故填farmers。
18．
句意：袁曾说，他有一个梦想，就是“在比男人高的稻穗下乘凉”。空格后dream意为“梦想”，是可数名词；根据“enjoy the cool under the rice plants taller than men”可知，这里指有一个梦想，dream以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。
19．
句意：可惜他现在不能继续他的梦想了! 该句为感叹句，根据“a pity…”可知，应用what引导感叹句，其结构为“What +a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!”，句首首字母要大写，故填What。
20．
句意：但人们相信，他的梦想一定会在不久的将来实现。根据句中“in the near future”可知，应用一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形，故填will come。
21．without
22．a
23．is called
24．building
25．videos
26．to make
27．He
28．the cutest
29．How
30．truly
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了农民王德文，因擅长中国古代木工技艺而成为网红人物。
21．
句意：那是因为他不用胶水和钉子也能做出好木工。承接前句“A 63-year-old Chinese grandpa is really popular online.”语境可知，应是不用胶水和钉子也能做出好木工，故空处应是without，没有，介词。故填without。
22．
句意：王德文，一位伟大的中国木工，住在南方的广西壮族自治区梧州。根据句意，空处的词表示泛指，且great 以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
23．
句意：他被称为现代鲁班，中国古代著名的木工。根据句意，主语和动词之间是动宾关系；结合一般现在时态可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“he”是第三人称单数形式，助动词应用is；call的过去分词是called。故填is called。
24．
句意：阿木爷爷擅长手工制作东西。空处的动词在介词at之后，应用动名词形式；build的动名词形式为building。故填building。
25．
句意：在他最受欢迎的视频之一中，他正在用中国古代的榫卯技术制作一座伟大的木桥。最……之一：one of +形容词最高级+名词复数形式，固定用法；video的复数形式为video。故填videos。
26．
句意：阿木爷爷用同样的技术给他的孙子做了一些玩具。根据句意，空处应是动词不定式作目的状语；动词不定式的构成形式为：to do。故填to make。
27．
句意：他曾经为他的孙子做过一只会走路的小猪佩奇。根据句子结构可知，空处应是句子主语，承接前句可知，应用he，他，句首首字母大写。故填He。
28．
句意：在所有的木制玩具中，他孙子认为会走路的小猪佩奇最可爱。根据比较的范围“Of all the wooden toys,”可知，空处的形容词应用最高级形式cutest，形容词最高级之前要加定冠词the。故填the cutest。
29．
句意：阿木爷爷多么令人惊奇啊！根据标点可知，句子是感叹句；根据空后“amazing（形容词）+ Grandpa Amu（主语）+ is（谓语）”结构可知，空处应是how，引导感叹句，句首首字母大写。故填How。
30．
句意：他真地做了一些有趣的东西！根据句意，空处的词是修饰动词，应用副词；true，形容词，真正的，对应的副词是truly。故填truly。
31．them
32．a
33．asleep
34．off
35．waiting
36．worse
37．when
38．with
39．what
40．broken
【解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了Jack打算去机场接他的父母，但是闹钟没有响起，当他到机场的时候，父母已经等了好几个小时，当要回去的时候，又找不到汽车钥匙了，父母只能让他叔叔接他们，当他回到家发现他们在修理窗户，是因为他们没有带钥匙，真是糟糕的一天。
31．
句意：他们打电话给杰克去机场接他们。根据上文“Jack is a 20-year-old boy. Last month, his parents went to India on vacation. The night before his parents returned”可知，此处是Jack的父母让他去接他们，动词后加代词宾格，they的宾格是them，pick sb. up“接某人”。故填them。
32．
句意：当时晚上10点，杰克发现房子里一片狼藉。根据下文“He finally finished cleaning it at 3 a.m.”可知，此处是房间一片狼藉。be in a mess“一片狼藉”。故填a。
33．
句意：他很快就睡着了。短语fall asleep“入睡”，sleep是动词，睡觉，此处用形容词asleep，意思是“睡着的”。故填asleep。
34．
句意：但他没听见闹钟响！根据下文“He quickly left for the airport. When he found his parents, they had spent two hours…for him.”可知，此处是闹钟没有响起。go off“发出响声”。故填off。
35．
句意：他们等了他两个小时。spend+时间+doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，短语wait for sb.“等待某人”。故填waiting。
36．
句意：然而，当他们走向汽车时，情况变得更糟了。根据下文“Jack couldn’t find his keys!”可知，此处是事情变得更糟。became是连系动词，此处用bad的比较级worse。故填worse。
37．
句意：他在机场寻找父母的时候，他可能会把他们丢在什么地方。此处是when引导的时间状语从句，故填when。
38．
句意：两小时后，他带着钥匙回家了。根据“Jack stayed there to look for his keys.”可知，此处是他带着钥匙回家了。with是介词，带着。故填with。
39．
句意：但真使他吃惊的是！他注意到他的父亲和叔叔正在修理一扇破窗户。根据下文“Did someone get into our house ” he asked. “No,” his dad explained. “When we returned home, we couldn’t find our keys and we had to break a window to get in.””可知，此处是感叹句，多么吃惊呀！what+a+名词单数。故填what。
40．
句意：但真使他吃惊的是！他注意到他的父亲和叔叔正在修理一扇破窗户。根据“Did someone get into our house ” he asked. “No,” his dad explained. “When we returned home, we couldn’t find our keys and we had to break a window to get in.””可知，此处是在修理一扇破窗户。此处是形容词作定语，break是动词，破坏，形容词是broken。故填broken。
41．millions
42．them
43．to keep
44．as
45．easily
46．With
47．meaningful
48．saving
49．dishes
50．gift
【解析】
本文介绍了家庭食谱的记录方法和意义，说明了家庭食谱可以构建家庭纽带、传递爱与回忆。
41．
句意：在祖母和父母的盒子和心里，藏着数以百万计的食谱。此处没有具体的数字，因此million需用复数，millions of数百万。故填millions。
42．
句意：其中有些是一代一代传下来的。of 是介词，后跟宾格代词。some of them它们中的一些。故填them。
43．
句意：但是我们中的许多人发现很难在忙碌的生活中保持食物的联系。find it difficult to do sth. 发现很难做某事，此处需用动词不定式。故填to keep。
44．
句意：我们只是把它放在冰箱上一两个星期，一旦纸从冰箱里消失，我们就把它忘了。分析句子结构可知，此处是as soon as一……就……，引导时间状语从句。故填as。
45．
句意：剪贴簿在市场上很容易找到。空后的found是动词，此处需用副词修饰。故填easily。
46．
句意：借助于一些流行的应用程序，如故事扫描，记录家庭食谱从未如此容易。由后面的“the help of some popular apps”可知，此处是短语with the help of在……的帮助下。首字母大写。故填With。
47．
句意：对你的家人来说，你曾经做过的可以成为有意义的工作。work是名词，此处需用形容词修饰。故填meaningful。
48．
句意：保持家庭食谱是保存和尊重我们的传统，以便子孙后代可以继续使家庭关系更加牢固。分析句子结构可知，此处需用现在分词与 honoring并列。故填saving。
49．
句意：每当你想起你所爱的人时，重新制作一道你收藏的菜肴，让过去美好时光的回忆安慰你。one of 后跟可数名词复数，表示“其中之一”。故填dishes。
50．
句意：那为什么不在孩子们开始新生活的时候给他们一本家庭食谱呢？why not后跟动词原形。故填gift。
51．When
52．of
53．was
54．faces
55．19th
56．with
57．was praised
58．and
59．continued
60．largest
【解析】
文章大意：本文讲述了口罩的由来和发展历程。
51．
句意：防护口罩是什么时候发明的，又是如何发展的呢？根据下文“1st century…16th century…”可知这里问的是口罩是何时发明的，所以用疑问词when，注意首字母要大写，故填When。
52．
句意：在这个时候，罗马帝国有很多人在地下工作。根据下文“Many died of lung（肺部）diseases caused by dust.”可知这里是指很多人在地下工作死于肺部疾病，lots of表示“许多、大量”，故填of。
53．
句意：这是第一次有记录的使用防护口罩。根据这一段发生的时间“1st century”和空格后面的“the first recorded use of protective masks.”可知这里的时态要用一般过去时，主语是this，所以be动词用was，故填was。
54．
句意：意大利艺术家和发明家列奥纳多·达·芬奇(1452-1519)建议人们把浸过水的布敷在脸上，以防止有害的化学物质。根据空格前面的their“他们的”，可知face应用其复数形式，故填faces。
55．
句意：19世纪。根据上文“1st century…16th century…”可知多少世纪要用序数词，“十九”序数词表达为19th，故填19th。
56．
句意：1897年，波兰-奥地利医生约翰·冯·米库利茨·拉德基设计了一种只有一层纱布的简单面罩。根据“a simple mask … one layer（层）of gauze（纱布）.”可知此处表示“带有/拥有”，所以用介词with，故填with。
57．
句意：这款口罩受到了全世界专家的好评，因为这款口罩生产简单、成本低廉。根据“The mask …（praise）by experts around the world”可知本句的主语“The mask”和谓语动词“praise”之间存在被动关系，所以要用被动语态；而且时间是“20th century”，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was praised。
58．
句意：这款口罩受到了全世界专家的好评，因为这款口罩生产简单、成本低廉。根据“because it could be produced easily … cheaply.”可知，空格前后的easily和cheaply表示的是并列关系，因此用并列连词and连接，故填and。
59．
句意：随着近几年几次病毒和空气污染的爆发，口罩也在不断发展。“继续”英文表达是continue，动词；根据上文的“in recent years”和空格前面的“have”可知这里的时态应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，故填continued。
60．
句意：中国目前是世界上最大的口罩生产国，约占世界口罩产量的一半。根据空格前面的“the world’s”以及后面的“making about half of the world’s masks.”可知这里要用形容词large的最高级形式，故填largest。
61．a
62．are known
63．and
64．daily
65．mostly
66．development
67．ninth
68．to give
69．with##of##about
70．handing
【解析】
本文主要介绍了曾国潘及其家书的重要思想，特别是他对家人的关心和他对工作和金钱的态度。
61．
句意：他是一个学者和官员。此处表示“一个学者和官员”，表泛指，且scholar是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
62．
句意：他写给家人的家书至今仍为许多中国人所熟知和珍视。句子是一般现在时，主语letters与动词know之间是被动关系，且主语是复数形式，故填are known。
63．
句意：他总是很有礼貌，每封信都以问候语开头。空格前后是并列关系，故填and。
64．
句意：在回复中，他可以了解家人的日常生活，让他感觉自己还在家里。此空修饰名词life，要用day对应的形容词daily“日常的”，故填daily。
65．
句意：他给家人写了近1500封信，大部分是写给弟弟们的。此句不缺少任何结构，故此空应填入一个副词作状语，故填mostly。
66．
句意：曾国藩是家里的老大，他非常关心孩子们的成长。形容词性物主代词their后接名词，develop对应的名词development“发展”，是不可数名词，故填development。
67．
句意：在给九弟的信中，曾国藩鼓励他永不放弃。此处用序数词表顺序，故填ninth。
68．
句意：在给九弟的信中，曾国藩鼓励他永不放弃。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to give。
69．
句意：工作要努力，花钱要谨慎，要谦虚。be careful of/with/about表示“对……要谨慎”，故填of/with/about。
70．
句意：他反对把钱和财产留给孩子们的想法，说如果他们努力工作，就不会挨饿。of是介词，后接动名词，故填handing。
71．a
72．impossible
73．herself
74．because
75．loved
76．seriously
77．to follow
78．achieving
79．what
80．for
【解析】
文章讲得克萨斯州的一个12岁的小女孩梦想16岁成为美国宇航局的工程师，并为这个梦想而不断努力。
71．
句意：她是德克萨斯州一个12岁的女孩，梦想在16岁时成为美国宇航局(NASA)的一名工程师。此处泛指一名美国宇航局的工程师，NASA以辅音音素开头，其前用不定冠词a。故填a。
72．
句意：这听起来可能不可能，但Alena不是一个普通的女孩——她既聪明又勤奋。根据“she dreams of becoming ... NASA engineer by age 16”可知16岁成为美国宇航局的工程师听起来是不可能的，possible的反义词impossible意为“不可能的”。故填impossible。
73．
句意：她还在自学西班牙语和阿拉伯语。learn ... by oneself自学，she的反身代词为herself。故填herself。
74．
句意：她对工程很感兴趣，因为她非常喜欢建筑。设空处前果后因，用becasue引导原因状语从句。故填because。
75．
句意：从4岁开始，Alena就喜欢玩不同类型的乐高，并对建造东西产生了极大的爱好。根据“Ever since she was 4”可知要用一般过去时，love的过去式是loved。故填loved。
76．
句意：小Alena常常看着星星认真地说：…… 修饰动词“said”要用serious的副词形式seriously，意为“认真地”。故填seriously。
77．
句意：我想鼓励更多的女孩去追寻她们的梦想。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。故填to follow。
78．
句意：Alena不会让任何事阻止她实现梦想。此处指不会让任何事阻止要去实现的梦想，用stop sb. doing sth.结构。故填achieving。
79．
句意：不管你打算做什么，就去做吧。do后缺少宾语，此处表示无论计划做什么，用“No matter what”引导让步状语从句。故填what。
80．
句意：摘星吧。根据“No one can hold us down.”可知是鼓励人们为梦想前进，鼓励人们“摘星”。此处用reach for表示“伸手去拿”，故填for。
81．and
82．driest
83．different
84．have explored
85．a
86．which
87．to see
88．mostly
89．movement
90．like
【解析】
南极洲是世界上最冷、风最大、人烟最稀少的地方。它是企鹅和沿海海洋生物的家园。人类多年来一直在探索南极洲，游客在夏季访问南极洲海岸，观看企鹅、海豹、鲸鱼和冰景；科学家和助手们住在南极洲，研究动物，冰川的移动火山的活动。
81．
句意：南极洲是世界上最冷、风最大、人烟最稀少的地方。根据“coldest, windiest”和“emptiest”是词性相同的形容词，可知此处填并列连词and。故填and。
82．
句意：全年几乎没有降雨，是世界上最干燥的地方之一。此处为“one of+ the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构，意为“最……之一”；可知填形容词最高级。故填driest。
83．
句意：它也是企鹅和沿海不同海洋生物的家园。此处填形容词当定语；故填different。
84．
句意：人类已经探索南极洲很多年了。此处是谓语，根据“for many years”可知句子是现在完成时（have/has+过去分词），主语humans是复数名词，助动词用have。故填have explored。
85．
句意：据说第一个到达南极洲的人是美国海豹猎人约翰·戴维斯。此处是同位语“约翰·戴维斯，一个美国海豹猎人”，填不定冠词表泛指；US以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。故填a。
86．
句意：之后，成千上万的游客在11月至2月的夏季访问南极洲海岸。此处是定语从句的关系词，先行词summer指“物”，关系词用which。故填which。
87．
句意：他们到那里去看企鹅、海豹、鲸鱼和冰景。此处填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
88．
句意：他们大多是科学家和他们的助手。空格在系表结构之间，填副词；mostly“多数”。故填mostly。
89．
句意：在南极洲，一些科学家研究冰川运动和火山活动。空格在定冠词后填名词。故填movement。
90．
句意：其他科学家研究动物，如鲸鱼、海豹、鸟类和鱼类。根据“animals”和“whales ,seals, birds and fish”可知此处是列举动物的名称；填like“例如”。故填like。
91．luck
92．importance
93．for
94．common
95．performed
96．body
97．wood
98．come
99．because
100．longer
【解析】
本文介绍了中国舞龙的历史以及发展。
91．
句意：它们还被认为给人们带来好运。根据音标[l k] 可知，此处是luck运气，故填luck。
92．
句意：为了庆祝中国文化中龙的重要性，舞龙在汉朝期间被发明。the+名词+of表示……的……，因此用important的名词形式，故填importance。
93．
句意：然后它被用于祭祖和祈雨。be used for被用于，故填for。
94．
句意：随着时间的推移，舞龙逐渐发展成为一种常见的节日活动。根据音标[ k m n]可知，此处是common常见的，故填common。
95．
句意：现在，它经常在中国新年期间表演。主语it与谓语perform之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，perform的过去分词是performed，故填performed。
96．
句意：它有一个头部，一个尾巴和几个组成它长长的身体的部分。根据“a head piece, a tail piece and several pieces”可知，有头，有尾巴，还有其他部分，因此这是身体部分，body身体，故填body。
97．
句意：早期的龙是用金属和木头制成的。根据音标[wud]可知，此处是wood木头，故填wood。
98．
句意：舞龙者用杆子控制龙的身体，让龙活起来。make sb do sth让某人做某事，故填come。
99．
句意：许多舞者应该参加舞龙，因为龙可以相当长的。结合句意，前一句表示许多舞者可以参加舞龙，后一句表示龙可以很长，前后表示因果关系，因此用连词because，故填because。
100．
句意：用于大型庆典的龙可以有100米长，甚至更长。根据“100 meters long”可知，此处表示很长，有even修饰，用比较级，故填longer。