2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句课件（25张）

(共25张PPT)
2022年高考英语语法知识复习之定语从句
by Nancy
定语从句
1. 定义： 修饰名词或者代词的句子，一般位于被修饰的名词或者代词之后
2. 先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词
3. 关系词：连接定语从句和主语之间的连接词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as
关系副词有：when, where, why
注意：定语从句中的所有连接词在定语从句中既充当成分，也起一个连接的作用，但是翻译的时候无意义。
关系代词的用法
1. who/whom/that
代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语或者表语。
注意：who在定语从句中作主语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。
eg,
This man that/whom you want to see is my father.
This man who /that wants to see you is my father.
2. which, that
所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语或者表语。
eg,
I have taken with me the two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library.
I read the announcement of the summer camp ( that/which)you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.
3. whose，
所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，表示所属关系，whose+名词一起，在从句中可作主语、宾语或者表语。
eg,
My physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.
There are some desks whose legs are broken.
4. as
引导的定语从句可置于句首 ,代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。另外as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如 的意思
eg,
As we all know, the macth is very facinating.
As he said in the book, no one can succeed without strong will.
注意:
用that而不用 which的情况
①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,,little,few,much something someone等。
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
③先行词有the only, the very, any,the same , the last等词修饰；
④先行词既有人又有物时。
用which而不用 that的情况
①用于非限制性定语从句（非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开）
②定语从句前有介词的时候
③指代前面整个主句的意思
另外，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，关系代词可以省略。
关系副词的用法
1. when
代替的先行词是时间，相当于"介词+ which"结构。
eg，
I always miss the days when we were on the summer camp last year.
There was a time when we didn’t have phones, but we were happier than at present
2.where
代替的先行词是地点， 相当于"介词+ which"结构。
eg,
This is the place where he was born .
I will organize some campus activities, like “English Evening”, a platform where students can show their English
3.why
why 代替的先行词是原因（reason）， 相当于"介词+ which"结构。
eg,
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they supply us fresh air.
Can you explain the reason why he was fired by the company
注意：
当先行词是way(方式)时，关系词用that/ in which/省略.
eg，
I don’t like the way that/in which he dresses himself.
定语从句解题方法：
1. 勾画出先行词和定语从句
2. 判断定语从句中是否缺主语/宾语/表语，缺主语/宾语/表语，用关系代词，不缺主语/宾语/表语，选择关系副词
3. 根据先行词，选择合适的关系词。
练习题
1. Last summer I went to Sun Yat-sen’s hometown and visited the house _______ he was born.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
2. I have bought such a watch ________ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
3. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what
C. through that; what D. what; that
4. I have bought two ball pens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
5. I don't like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way that B. the way in that C. the way which D. both A and B
6. At last the thief took out everything ________ he had stolen.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
7.There was a time ____this kind of music was quiet popular.
A. that B. when C. with which D. about which
8. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation_____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
（二）用定语从句的关系词填空
1. city has historically developed on seven hills, some of ___________are 250 m (820.21ft) high.
2.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
3. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
which
that/which
where
4. The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ___ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.
5. The report also gave an example of Kunqu Opera, one of the oldest Chinese operas, attracts over 100 million listeners born after 1990.
6. Gone are the days __________ surgery meant cutting a patient open.
7. The reason ____________he tried to explain at the meeting was not sound.
which
which
when
that/which
8. All the apples __ __ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
9. The place _______ interested me most was the Children's Palace.
10. He didn’t tell Lily the reason ____________he was so sad.
11. Our family visited the car factory ____________my father once worked thirsty years ago.
that
which/that
why
where
(三)句子翻译（带定语从句）
1. 所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭,其父母对待孩子就像朋友一样。
______________________________________________________
2. 这儿曾经有一段时间既没有电话，也没有电视。
______________________________________________________
3. 我将把我所知道的每一件事都告诉你。
______________________________________________________
4. 现在我们已经到了一个对我们未来非常重要的时刻(point)，我们应当全身心地学习。
______________________________________________________
5. 在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧(apology)。
______________________________________________________
6. 随着经济的增长，中国人被歧视的日子一去不复返了， 所有中国人为此感到自豪。
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谢谢大家！