2022年人教版中考英语分题型复习：情境交际课件(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
情境交际
2022中考英语分题型复习
命题特点
情景交际主要考查新课标规定的交际功能项目和交际语言的灵活运用能力,充分反映出语言的交际功能。
情景交际话题广泛,常考话题包括:请求允许、寻求或提供帮助、问路与指路、打电话、赞扬、购物、就餐、祝愿与祝贺、表示道歉、遗憾与同情以及日常问候等话题。学生可结合不同话题、不同情景做好相应复习。
常见的情境交际
1.问路及应答的交际用语。
(1)问路时,首先说 Excuse me,意思是“请原谅”“请问”“劳驾”,表示因为打扰而道歉,然后再问路。常见的问路方式有以下几种:
Excuse me. Can you tell me the w ay to... 劳驾,请告诉我去……(地方)怎么走
Excuse me. How can I get to... 劳驾,请问怎样去……(地方)
Excuse me, please, where is... 劳驾,请问去……的路怎么走
(2)应答时可根据实际情况作答。常用的应答方式有以下几种:
It's about...meters from here.它离这里大约……米远。
It's about...yards/meters down this street. 沿着这条街走约……码/米就到了。
Go straight ahead till you see... 一直向前走直到你看到……(地方)为止。
Go down along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
Take this street/road.走这条街/大路。
Go through the gate and you'll find the entrance to...
穿过大门,你就会看到……的入口处。
Go down/along this street till you get to... 沿着这条街走到……(地方)为止。
Turn right/left at the first/second crossing. 在第一/二个十字路口向右/左转。
You'd better take a taxi/a mini bus/the N o.5 bus.
你最好坐出租车/乘小公共汽车/乘 5 路公共汽车。
常见的情境交际
2.看病时的交际用语。
(1)医生询问病情时的常用语。
What can I do for you 你看什么病
What's wrong/the matter/the trouble with you 你有什么不舒服
Is there anything wrong with you 有什么不舒服吗
(2)病人诉说病情时的常用语。
I feel terrible/bad/ill/sick.我感到很不舒服。
I don't feel well./ I'm not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。
I'm not in good health.我身体不好。
There is something wrong with...我的……有毛病。
常见的情境交际
I have/have got...我有……。
My back/nose hurts/aches.我的背/鼻子痛。
(3)医生看完病后对病人提出医嘱时的常用语。
It's nothing serious.病不重/不要紧。
You'd better have a good rest. 你最好好好休息。
Take this medicine three times a day.这药每天吃三次。
Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.多喝水,好好休息。
You have a high temperature.你发烧了/你体温过高。
You'd better go to bed. Don't get up until you feel better.
你最好睡一觉,感觉好一点再起床。
常见的情境交际
3.打电话时的交际用语。
(1)当电话拨不通时。
The line is busy. I can't get through.
电话占线,我打不通。(其中 line 指电话线路,get through 指接通电话)
(2)电话拨通后相互打招呼。
Hello. (name or telephone number)你好。(告知本人的姓名或电话号码)
Hello, is that...speaking 你好,你(您)是……吗
Who is that speaking/calling 你是谁
Who is speaking/calling, please 请问你是谁
应答时常说: Yes, (this is)...speaking.是的,我是……
Yes, it's...here.是的,我是……
常见的情境交际
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(3)打电话请对方找人或留言。
Is...at home ……在家吗
Can/May/Could I speak to...,please 请……接电话好吗
Will/Would you give a message to...,please 请给……捎个口信好吗
Would you tell him my telephone number, please 请你把我的电话号码告诉他好吗
Can/Could you ask...to ring me back, please 请叫……给我回个电话好吗
应答时常说:
Hold on/Wait a minute/One moment, please. 请稍等。
I'm sorry,...is not at home now . 对不起,……现在不在。
Can I take a message for you 需要我帮你留言吗
I'll ask him to call you back.我叫他给你回电话。
常见的情境交际
4.表示劝告和建议的交际用语。
(1)You'd better(not)do ...你最好(不要)做……
You should do...你应该做…… You need to do...你需要做……
(2)Why don't you do... 为什么不做……呢
Why not do... 为什么不做……呢
注意:这是以反问的方式提出劝告或建议,含有建议对方去做某事的意思,而不是询问对方不去做某事的原因。
(3)What/How about+名词/代词/动名词
这种句型表达随便的建议,有征求对方意见的意思,多数情况下是建议和对方一起做某事。
常见的情境交际
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(4)Shall we...
这种句型用于建议对方与自己一起做,是一种普通的表示建议的方法。它和“Let's...”或“Shall we... ”句型可以互换,在回答时,如果赞成这个建议,常用“Yes, let's...”或“OK, let's...”。
(5)用 Let's开头的祈使句。
这是最普通的表达建议的方法,建议对方和自己一起做什么,Let's后接动词原形。句尾可加上“shall w e ”“O K ”等用于征求对方意见的语句,从而使语气委婉得多。
常见的情境交际
①对对方的建议表示同意时常用的答语:
Great!太好了!
That's a good idea.真是个好主意。
②对对方的建议表示不同意,或根本不能满足对方的要求而表示歉意时的常用
答语:
I'm afraid that...我担心/恐怕……
I'm afraid not.恐怕不行。
常见的情境交际
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5.谈论天气情况的交际用语。
西方人谈论天气是日常话题,所以无论是熟人还是陌生人,在一起交谈时常以谈论天气导入。
It is raining/blowing/snowing, isn't it 下雨了/刮风了/下雪了,对吗
Itis+ adj. / n. (today). 今天的天气……
以上这类句子都是用来发表对天气的看法的。“Itis+ adj. / n. (today).”中间用表示天气情况的形容词或名词,应答时可以说“Y es, it is.”。
询问天气情况时可说:
What's the weather like today /How is the weather today 今天天气怎样
What's the weather going to be like... 天气将怎样
应答时可说:
It's fine/w arm /cold/hot...天气很暖和/冷/热……
It's going to be fine/warm /cold/hot...天气将会很晴朗/暖和/冷/热……
常见的情境交际
6.请求允许和应答的交际用语。
(1)Can I/Could I/M ay I... 我可不可以……
这个是请求对方允许自己做某事的最普通的交际用语,其中“Could I... ”语气最婉转;“M ay I... ”常用在比较正式的场合;“Can I... ”用得最广泛。对于所提出的请求表示允许或同意时,可说:
Yes. /Sure./Certainly.当然可以。
Of course, you m ay.当然可以。
Yes, do please.请吧。
Go ahead, please.请吧。
That's O K ./All right.好的。
常见的情境交际
对于所提出的请求表示不允许或不同意时,可说:
No, please don't.请不要。
I'm sorry you can't.对不起,你不可以。
I'm sorry, but...对不起,……
You'd better not...你最好别……
(2)Do you mind if I do...
这是用来表示请求许可的交际用语。句中的 mind 作“介意”“反对”解。整句的意思是“如果我做某事,你反对/介意吗 ”或“我做某事,好吗 ”。
常见的情境交际
注意:当我们用“Do you mind if... ”时,if 从句中的谓语动词一般用现在时;当我们用“Would you mind if... ”时,if 从句中的谓语动词一般用过去时,这时语气更加婉转。
应答时,如果表示“允许/不介意”,常说: No, I don't mind.我不介意/我允许。
Certainly not./Of course not.当然不介意。
No, go ahead.不介意,你做吧。
Not at all.一点也不介意。
如果表示“不允许/介意”时,常说: I'm sorry you can't...很抱歉,你不能……
I'm afraid...恐怕……
I'm afraid it's not allowed.恐怕这是不允许的。
常见的情境交际
7.表示邀请与应答的交际用语。
(1)用一般疑问句形式。
“Will/Would/Can/Could you com e to... ”此句型用于被邀请人接受的可能性较大时,表示“请您来……好吗 ”。
如: Will you com e to take part in my party 你来参加我的聚会好吗
“Would you like+名词(代词)/不定式/sb.+不定式 ”此句型表示“你愿意…… ”或“你是否愿意…… ”,此时邀请人不知对方是否接受邀请,是商量、询问及试探性的邀请、请求或表示个人的想法、看法。如:
Would you like to go there with him 你愿意与他一道去那儿吗
常见的情境交际
回答时可说:
Yes, I'd like/love to.好的,我愿意。
Yes, I'd be happy to.好的,我很乐意。
Yes, it's very kind/nice of you to invite me. 好的,能邀请我,你真是太好了。
Yes, it's very kind of you.你真是太好了,谢谢。
(2)用陈述句形式。
“I'd like(sb.)to do...”是向某人发出邀请的常见句式,表示“希望/想叫(某人)做某事”,常与 would 连用,是一种客气的邀请。如:
—I'd like to invite you to see a film with me.我想请你和我一起去看电影。
—I'd like/love to, but I'm very busy.我很想去,但我很忙。
常见的情境交际
类似委婉拒绝的表达法:
I'd love to, but I'm afraid...我想去,但恐怕……
Thank you for inviting me./ It's very kind of you to invite me, but I'm busy.
谢谢你邀请我。/能邀请我,你真是太好了,但我很忙。
常见的情境交际
8.表示感谢与应答的交际用语。
Thank you./Thanks.谢谢。
Thank you very much.非常感谢。
Thank you so much./Thanks a lot.多谢。
That's most kind of you.你真好。
You're kind!你真好!
如果别人想为你办事,可你觉得不必麻烦他人或者别人替你办事没有办成但你还要表达感谢,这时你可以说:
Thank you just the same.同样感谢您的好意。
Thank you all the same.还是要感谢您。
常见的情境交际
在回答别人的感谢时,常说:
You're welcome.不客气。
Not at all.没事儿。
Don't mention it.不用谢。
It's my pleasure.我很乐意效劳。
No trouble at all.一点也不麻烦。
It was the least I could do.这是我应该做的。
I'm glad I could do it.我很高兴能这么做。
That's all right.没关系/不用谢。
常见的情境交际
9.表示祝愿、祝贺及应答的交际用语。
(1)当某人取得成功时的用语。
Congratulations (to you)!祝贺你!
(2)当某人外出旅行时的用语。
Good luck with your trip!祝你(们)旅途平安!
Have a good trip/journey.=I wish you a good trip/journey.
祝你旅途愉快。/祝你一路顺风。
Have a nice/pleasant/wonderful time!祝你玩得开心!
(3)当某人过生日时的用语。
—Happy birthday to you!生日快乐! —Thank you!谢谢!
常见的情境交际
(4)当某人即将做某事时的用语。
—I will take the exam tomorrow. 我明天将参加考试。
—Good luck (to you)!/I wish you success! 祝你好运!/祝你成功!
注:上述几点中祝愿(贺)的回答可用:
Thanks./Thank you./Thanks a lot./It's kind of you to say so.
谢谢/谢谢您/多谢/谢谢你这么说。
(5)在公共节日里的用语。
—Happy New Year (to you)!新年快乐!
—Thanks. The same to you!/Happy New Year to you, too! 谢谢!你也一样!/也祝你新年快乐!
常见的情境交际
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10.购物时的交际用语。
(1)招呼顾客的用法。
Can I help you / What can I do for you 你想要点什么
Good morning. Do you want something 早上好。你想要点什么
(2)顾客告诉店员想买什么时的用语。
I'd like to buy a bike.我想要一辆自行车。
Can I see some of your shoes 我看一下鞋子好吗
Can you show me a man's shirt 你可以给我看一下男式衬衣吗
Do you have any bananas 你有香蕉吗
I need a pair of shoes.我需要一双鞋子。
常见的情境交际
(3)店员询问顾客想买什么时的用语。
Can I get you anything else 您还要点儿什么吗
What would you like to see 你想看看什么呢
What size/color do you want 你想要多大/什么颜色的
(4)询问、说明价格的用语。
—How much does it cost /How much shall I pay for it 多少钱
—It costs 5 dollars./That'll be 30 pounds. 5 美元。/30 英镑。
常见的情境交际
11.表示同意和不同意的交际用语。
Certainly./Sure./Of course.当然了。
Yes, I think so.是的,我也这样认为。
No, I don't think so.不,我认为不是这样。
That's a good idea.这真是一个好主意。
I agree with you.我同意你。
I don't agree with you.我不同意。
I'm afraid not.恐怕不行。
I'm afraid so.恐怕如此。
I really can't agree.我不同意。
常见的情境交际
12.就餐的交际用语。
What would you like to have 你想要吃什么
Would you like something to eat/drink 你想要吃的/喝的东西吗
I'd like...我要……
Would you like some more 再来点吗
Help yourself to some...随便吃些……
Thank you. I have had enough./I'm full.谢谢,我吃饱了。
Just a little, please.请来一点儿。
常见的情境交际
真题剖析
1.“单项选择”考交际。
现在,“对话式”单项选择题已经成为考查的重点题型。题干虽然提供了一个小语境,但常存在省略现象,所以,考生要通过上下文来揣测某些时态、词义等。
例 1 —You've done a good job.
—_________________________________ .
A. Don't mention it B. Not very good
C. It's very kind of you to say so D. That's not true
【解析】 要根据英美人的风俗习惯来考虑问题。对于别人的赞美之词,英美人比较自信,常用“Thank you.”或“It's kind of you to say so.”。故选C。
C
3
2.“对话应用”考交际。
做这种题目,首先跳过空格,通览全文,领会大意,把握对话的主题,对整个对话内容做到心中有数,然后根据语境,逐句细读,依句填词或选择答案。
例 2 (Two girls are hanging out in a shopping mall.)
L=Laura, A=Ann, S=shop assistant
L:My mother's birthday is coming. What could I do for her
A: (1)____________________________
L: A big party No, she likes to be quiet. She doesn't like to be noisy.
A: Oh...Look at this nice black skirt. Maybe (2)___________________ .
Why not/don't you hold/have a big party for her/What/How about having a big party
she will like it
真题剖析
L: Yes, I also think she will like it. Because black is her favorite color. Let's have a look. (To the shop assistant)
L:Excuse me. (3)_______________________
S: Eighty-five yuan. We've got none but this one at the moment. It's the smallest size.
L: Oh. The price and the color are both all right for my mother. But it's too small for her! (4) ________________________! Anyway, thank you.
S: (5)____________________________ .
How much is it/the black skirt/What's the price of it/the black skirt
What a pity
You're welcome/That's all right
真题剖析
1．（2021·青海中考真题）—I was all wet when I went to the zoo yesterday.
—______
A．Sounds terrible. B．I’m sorry to hear that. C．You’re so lucky.
2．（2021·湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州·中考真题）—I have never been to Tenglong Cave.
—______
A．Neither do I. B．So have I. C．Neither have I.
3．（2021·湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州·中考真题）—Congratulations! You won the first prize at the speech contest.
—______
A．Thank you very much. B．You’re welcome. C．With pleasure.
B
C
A
4．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Do you want to try some wild rabbit
—______. We should protect wild animals.
A．No way B．No problem C．No idea
5．（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）—Your hometown is beautiful, and the air is really fresh.
—______.
A．Thanks. I’m happy you like it
B．Don’t say that
C．It’s just so-so
D．Don’t mention it
A
A
6．（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）—Would you mind telling me how to start this machine
—______. It’s very easy. Do it like this.
A．Yes, of course B．No, not at all
C．No, thanks D．Yes, you are right
7．（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）—I’d like to thank you for your invitation to Heze Peony Garden.
—______.
A．With pleasure B．It’s my pleasure C．For pleasure
B
B
一、补全对话7选5（2021·青海中考真题）
A: Do you know China Brand Day
B: 1 What’s the Day for
A: 2 In the past, “made in China” just made people think of cheap, low-quality products. 3___________
B: I agree. Chinese brands are going global and being widely accepted.
A: Exactly. 4_____________
B: Yes. I often buy some shoes and clothes of these brands, they are at good prices, but really nice and of high quality.
A: 5 I believe more Chinese will support our own brands like you.
A．Cool!
B．For making people know about Chinese brands all over the world.
C．Because they are affordable.
D．Some sports brands like Huili and Li-Ning have got global attention.
E. What I’ve never heard of it.
F. TikTok is another big technology brand.
G. But it has changed now.
E
B
G
D
A
一、填写适当的句子补全对话（2021·陕西中考真题）
A: Morning, Wang Juan.
B: 1_______________
A:I heard that you won the first prize in the speech competition of your school. Congratulations!
B: Thank you. You know July 1 this year is our Party’s 100th birthday. We had the speech competition for celebrating it.
A: 2
B: Yes. I talked about the history of our great Party and the great changes in our country in my speech.
A: Oh, we are also preparing some activities for it these days.
B: 3
A: An art show and a big singing competition.
B:A singing competition 4
A: It will be held on the afternoon of June 25.
B: I like singing. Can I watch it
A: 5 . You can come to my school at 2:00 that day and we’ll meet at the school gate.
B: OK. See you then. A: See you.
Good morning
Did you talk about the development process of our Party
Which activity are you preparing for
When will your singing competition/it be held
Sure/No problem/Of course
Bye-bye!