2022年中考英语解题方法之阅读理解课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
2022年中考英语解题方法之阅读理解
by Nancy
类型一：细节理解
解题方法：
针对此类设题，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速浏览文章，发现文章中的细节信息，然后抓取关键词，定位到原文中来解题。
注意：一定要注意勾画文章中的关键句及关键词
eg，
1. Five people were waiting for an interview in a room of a company(公司). Inside the room, they could do whatever they liked, except using the phone or the Internet.
Q: The five people were waiting for ________．
A．an interview B．a meeting
C．a phone call D．a meal
2. Liu Xiuxiang was born in a poor family. When he was 4, his father died. His mother developed mental(精神的) health problems. When he was 10, his elder brother and sisters left and never returned. To make a living, Liu collected rubbish, and in high school he worked 18 hours a day during summer vacations. However difficult it was, he never gave up his study.
Q: How long did Liu Xiuxiang work during summer vacations in high school
A．4 hours a day. B．10 hours a day.
C．12 hours a day. D．18 hours a day.
类型2： 推理判断
此类题型要求考生对文章的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推断出隐含在文章中的事实及暗示的含义。常见的推理判断有以下三种：
1．针对文中细节的推断
2．针对文章出处的推断
3．针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向、意见等的推断
eg，
1. Another choice is electricity. Electric cars can be as efficient(效能好的) as cars using gasoline. And they produce less pollution. But electric cars themselves are more expensive. Good news is that the cost has been lower and there are more and more places for the cars to get electricity ever since 2010.
Q: According to Paragraph 3, we can infer that electric cars ________．
A．produce less pollution
B．will become more and more expensive
C．will become more popular
D．are more efficient than those using gasoline
类型三：词义/句意猜测
此类题目在设置时，词义猜测多为生难词，句意猜测多为同义句的转换，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的技巧。
1．根据上下文语境猜测
2．通过同义词或近义词猜测词义
3．通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义
4．通过生活常识猜测词义
1. On the third morning, they arrived earlier. Still, no news came. By mid day, most of them were irritated. Some thought the company did not care for them. Some regretted coming here. Only one man was different. He was happy all those days. He kept smiling while the others complained(抱怨)．
Q: The underlined word “irritated” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．快活的 B．愤怒的 C．放松的 D．胆怯的
2. After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rong circled Mars for several months and landed on it in May. In recent years, our country has sent up the world's first quantum satellite(量子卫星), and Chang'e 4 has made a soft landing on the moon. We have made great progress in space technology and will soon start building our own space station.
Q: The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”．
A．the earth B．Mars
C．the moon D．the sun
类型四：段落/主旨大意
段落/主旨大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对段落内容或文章内容进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1．开门见山式
2．藏龙卧虎式
3．藏头露尾式
4．首尾呼应式
类型五：　标题归纳
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择标题在英语阅读理解题中，是深层理解题。一般从两个方面考查：
1．关注核心及高频词汇
2．根据主题句提炼标题
Facial recognition technology(人脸识别技术) is widely used today. For example, police use it to search for bad guys. It's also used to unlock phones or doors.
Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection(探测), is entering a new field: the business of advertising(广告).
Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores. One facial detection system can judge a person's “happiness” or “fear” level. That helps businesses see how people feel as they look at products or advertisements in the store. Another system can detect whether someone is wearing eyeglasses. If so, stores can send advertisements for new glasses to him.
Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards. Cameras in those boards can detect information like people's ages and five levels of feelings—from “very happy” to “very unhappy”.
Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers' experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices.
Some are against the idea of using such systems. Pam Dixon, the head of a privacy(隐私) group, is one of them. She thinks ▲ . For example, a business could raise the price of a product according to a person's age and feelings.
However, one store testing the technology explained they wouldn't store people's information like names or ages. And the advertising board system maker said it didn't keep any personal information or record any videos.
Q: The best title of the passage may be “________”．
A．Facial recognition technology entering a new field
B．Facial recognition technology looking for bad guys
C．Facial detection technology going into advertising field
D．Facial detection technology improving buyers' experience
类型六：　数字计算
National Smile Month is the largest and longest mouth health activity in the UK. Starting in 1977, it is celebrating its 42nd birthday from May 14 to June 14 this year.
Q: National Smile Month in the UK has had a history of ________ years so far.
A．5 B．14 C．42 D．77
类型七：　篇章结构
文章的结构是文章部分与部分、整体与部分之间的内在联系和外部形式的统一。常见的文章结构方式为总分式，即先总述，再分说。这种关系还可以演变为：“分—总”或“总—分—总”的结构方式。解答此类题通常可以把选项带入原文去判断分段是否合理；要注意段落之间的标志语句，通常写同一件、同一类事情的段落不分开，总写的段落要和细节描述的段落分开。
类型八：句子还原
此类题型，主要是考查学生的逻辑思考能力。一般来说，主要是考查一个段落中前后句的逻辑关系，或者考查段与段之间的逻辑关系。可能是总分关系、因果关系、并列关系等。
类型九：句子排序
句子排序题常采用“观察＋对比＋定位＋排除”的方法：首先观察选项的特点，一般情况下，四个选项中都是有两个相同的选项作为事件发生的顺序开头，到文中去定位，排除错误的选项；接着进行第二轮对比排除，最后得到正确答案。下面介绍常用的解题方法：
1．先易后难。选择自己最熟悉、最明显的答案先判断，根据“先易后难”的原则逐个排除。
2．找关键词。如表顺序的at first, first, second, third等。
3．上下句联系。这种题所采用的语句一般都是在上句与下句或上半句与下半句之间有一定的对应关系，我们只要抓住它们的关联关系就可以解答了。
练习题
After months of expectation and secrecy, the official mascot ( 吉 祥 物 ) of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games - a giant panda-inspired cartoon character- -made its first public debut with cheers at Beijing's Shougang Ice Hockey Arena.
The panda is named“Bing Dwen Dwen" in Chinese. Bing means "ice" in Chinese, while DwenDwen suggests“health and cleverness- characteristics also shared by pandas. Pandas are perhaps the most recognized animal species in China, organizers said.
"Pandas combine China's traditional culture and its modem appearance together with winter
sports elements in a fascinating image that shows our great expectations for the Games and shows that
we welcome the world," said Beijing Mayor Chen Jining, who also serves as an executive president
on the organizing committee.
“I have already seen the mascot and from what I've seen, it's a wonderful choice," IOC President
Thomas Bach said before introducing the character."“The mascot really takes in the best elements and
characteristics of China and the Chinese people. It will be a great ambassador(大使) for the country
and the 24th Winter Olympics"
The ring of light surrounding the mascot's face is suggestive of ice and snow tracks, as well as the flowing“ribbons”of the National Speed Skating Oval. The oval is one of two new competition sites in downtown Beijing expected to become a landmark of the Games, according to its chief designer Cao Xue.
The introduction of the mascots marks the key point of a journey that began in August 2018, when Beijing organizers started a global design competition for the mascots. A total of 5,816 designs were received from 35 countries, and were reviewed by Chinese and international experts in a comprehensive evaluation(综合评价) and selection process. The new mascot will serve as spirited symbol of the Games that will take place in the three zones of downtown Beijing, the suburban district of Yanqing and co-host city Zhangjiakou in surrounding Hebei province.
1. What does the underlined word“debut" in paragraph 1 mean
A. Design. B. Appearance. C. Understanding. D. Attention.
2. What does Bach think of the mascot
A. Surprising. B. Enjoyable. C. Satisfying D. Interesting.
3. What's paragraph 5 mainly about
A. The origin ( 起源) of the mascot image. B. The introduction to the mascot designer.
C. The hard work behind the mascot design. D. The hidden meaning of the mascot image.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Mascot of the 24th Winter Olympic Games
B. A Historical Moment of the Winter Olympic Games
C. A Lovely Panda Welcomes the World
D. Comments(评论) on the Mascot of the 24th Winter Olympics
谢谢大家！