译林版（2020） 必修第三册 Unit 2 Natural Disasters Grammar and usage课件（31张）

(共31张PPT)
Unit 2 Grammar
To-infinitives as attributives and adverbials
目录
CONTNETS
Introduction
01
to-infinitives as attributives
02
to-infinitives as adverbials
03
Practice
04
不定式作定语
不定式作状语
01
Introduction
什么是非谓语动词
非谓语动词有哪三种基本形式
非谓语动词可以在句子中充当哪些成分
指出下列句子中的谓语动词和非谓语动词。
The girl making up is very charming.
非谓语
谓语
We enjoyed the show given by these girls.
非谓语
谓语
Before the performance, they practiced many times
to make sure that they could dance perfectly.
谓语
非谓语
谓语
动词
非谓语
动词
在句子中充当谓语的动词；
在句子中不充当谓语的动词；
非谓语
不定式（to do)
动名词
分词(现在分词和过去分词)
1. To finish the work on time is difficult.
2. He refused to help me.
3. Our parents expect us to go to a good university.
4. He is always the first to come.
5. He got up early to catch the first bus.
6. I am happy to see you.
7. He hurried to the station only to find the bus had gone.
8. My dream is to go to a good university.
不定式在句子中可以做哪些成分？
不定式： 主，谓, 宾，定, 状, 表，补
02
to-infinitives as attributives
1. 不定式表将来或者带有未来含义，即发生在主句的谓语动词之后的动作，常翻译成“将……的，该……的，要……的，值得……的，用来……的”
即将参加会议的人们
需要解决的问题
值得关注的问题
people to attend the meeting
some problems to solve
the problems to pay attention to
时态
2. 动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词的
前面/后面。
位置
3. 当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级及no, all, any, the next, the only, the last等限定时。
被修饰词
他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
He was always the first to come and the last to leave.
他是做这份工作最合适的人选。
He was the best man to do the job.
4. 动词不定式常用来修饰抽象名词。
被修饰词
wish, attempt, aim, need, plan, promise, decision, ability, answer, reply
opportunity/ chance/ possibility
ambition, purpose, moment, time, reason/excuse, way, idea, belief
同词根的动词或形容词都是接不定式作宾语
可能性
与将来要发生的事情有关
5. 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间常有一定的逻辑关系，如主谓关系和动宾关系。
逻辑关系
A person needs just three things to be truly happy in the world—someone to love, something to do and something to hope for.
Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something.
Clint was the second person to survive in the earthquake.
动宾
主谓
动宾
逻辑关系
① 名词或代词为动词不定式的逻辑主语(主谓关系)。如：
Wendy was the first student to arrive at school.
②名词或代词为不定式的逻辑宾语(动宾关系)。如：
I have a meeting to attend.
Tip:如果不定式是不及物动词，需要加介词才能与名词之间构成动宾关系。如：
I am looking for a room to live ____.
I need a piece of paper to write ____.
in
on
6.当主句的主语是不定式动作的执行者时，要用主动语态，否则用被动语态。
不定式的被动
① Have you anything to send
② Have you anything to be sent
你有什么东西要寄吗
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗
(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me 或 someone else)
时态
位置：通常放在其修饰的名词或代词_____;
被修饰词：抽象名词
被修饰词：当中心词是_______或_______________________及the next, the only, the last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
逻辑关系：________、__________。
动词不定式作定语，有_________。
后面
主谓关系
动宾关系
序数词
被序数词、形容词最高级
Summary
被动形式
03
to-infinitives as adverbials
To make himself heard, he raised his voice.
He hurried home only to find his money stolen.
All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress.
判断下列句子中不定式充当什么状语：
目的状语
结果状语
原因状语
1. 在 only to… 结构中,不定式常表示有/没有预料的结果。如：
I hurried to the station, only to find the train had gone.
He returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.
结果状语
他努力工作，最终结果却失败了。
He worked hard, only to fail at last.
2. 在 so+ 形容词 + as to… 结构中。意为(如此…以至于…)
她如此生气以至于不能说话。
She was _____________be unable to speak.
她不是一个如此粗心的人以至于会忘记锁门。
She won’t be_______________________ forget to lock the door.
3. 在 such + 名词 +as to… 结构中。意为(如此…以至于…)
结果状语
so angry as to
such a careless person as to
4. 在 too…to… (太…而不能…)结构中，表示反面结果
The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.
It’s never too late to learn.
5. 在 …enough to… (如此…以至于…)结构中。
这个大厅如此大以至于可以容纳3000人。
The hall is large enough to hold 3,000 people.
结果状语
5. 在 never to… (不再......)结构中，可以接后续的结果。如：
他离开了家，再也没有回来过。
He left home, never to return.
她离开了，再也没有被看到。
She left, never to be seen again.
结果状语
目的状语
President Xi Jinping delivered a speech on Friday morning to honor those who have made outstanding contributions to the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
Around 10,000 medical workers from several regions across China have arrived in Shanghai in recent days to help the fight against COVID-19 as the city has seen surging infections, local health authorities said Sunday.
目的状语还可以用__________或_______来表示，但________不能置于句首。
目的状语
The coronavirus requires the government and the public to react even more quickly to any signs or symptoms of infection, in order to halt the spread of the virus and prevent the medical system from being overwhelmed and the death toll(毁坏或伤亡人数) from rising.
in order to
so as to
so as to
原因状语
I'm so excited to be here.
All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress.
不定式作原因状语常用于表_____________之后。
心情的形容词
04
Practice
1. I went to the annual earthquake workshop
2. The authorities told the local people
3. They arrived at the airport
4. Before we returned home, the flood damage needed
5. This was the last city
a to be cleared of people
before the volcano erupted.
b to be repaired.
c to stay inside when the
typhoon arrived.
d only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm.
e to learn some safety tips.
作定语
作宾语
作宾补
作结果状语
作目的状语
P21 b1
This afternoon, I went to the school library (1)________________________________________.
At 3 p.m., I arrived at Mr Li’s office, only (2)__________________________ . Just then, I saw a note from Mr Li on the office door saying he was in the meeting room. I went there and we talked about his experiences during a strong hurricane. Mr Li described the hurricane in great detail. He also mentioned a charity event to raise funds for the disaster area. Our interview ended at 3:50 p.m. because Mr Li had a staff meeting (3) ___________ at 4 p.m. Next I went through my notes of Mr Li’s experiences and at 5 p.m. I went to the school computer room (4)__________________________________.
to find books about hurricanes
to find he was not in the office
to attend
to make PPT slides for my project
P21 b2
作目的状语
作结果状语
作定语
作目的状语
I'm sorry that I cannot come to your birthday party tomorrow as I have an important meeting to attend.
She hurried to the cinema, only to find all the tickets had been sold out.
I ask you to complete the task on your own.
To reach the summit, we need a local guide.
We must learn to walk before we can run.
a. object
b. object complement
c. attributive
d. adverbial of purpose
e. adverbial of result
c
e
b
d
a
P64 C
I'm afraid they will have a difficult decision to make.
To avoid losing a good friend, you need to apologize as soon as possible.
He left his hometown, never to be heard from again.
We agreed to change our plan at the meeting.
She invited me to watch a film.
a. object
b. object complement
c. attributive
d. adverbial of purpose
e. adverbial of result
c
d,a
e
a
b
P64 C