必修二 Unit 5 Music Grammar 介词+关系代词学案

必修二 Unit 5 Music Grammar
学习目标：
1，掌握介词加关系代词的定语从句，灵活运用到考题中去。
2，自主学习，合作探究；学习分析和总结的方法并能学以致用。
3，激情投入，疯狂记忆，体验学习的快乐。
探究案
第一部分：语法知识探究，“介词 + which / whom”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：
The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.
=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
一、基本构成
1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。
（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
（2）The city in which she lives is far away.
（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.
注意：
（1）当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。
（2）在介词+关系代词这个结构中，which可以代表主句一句话的内容。如：
I was doing my homework at nine, after which I sat reading the evening paper.我在9点钟做作业，在那以后我坐下看晚报了。
2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语，且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：
（1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.
（2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away.
注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。
This is the pen that / which you are looking for.
The patient whom she is looking after is her father.
The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.
There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of.
二、常见结构拓展
1.部分词汇/结构+of+关系代词
(1).the+名词+of+关系代词(which, whom),表示所属关系
This is the book the cover of which is designed by Mr Jones.
=This is the book, whose cover is designed by Mr Jones.
=This is the book, of which the cover is designed by Mr Jones.
This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.
=This is the teacher_________________ is a famous doctor.
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,whose price was very reasonable（合理的）.
= Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____________was very reasonable.
(２)．不定代词＋of＋关系代词
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
There are a lot of books here,none of which belongs to me.
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(３)．数词＋of＋关系代词
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
China has a lot of famous writers,one of whom is Lu Xun.
(４)．形容词比较级/最高级＋of＋关系代词
China has a lot of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.
There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high.
The football team has 15 members,the oldest of whom is 25 years old.
2. 介词+关系代词(which, whose)+名词1.She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her.
=He may be late and in that case we ought to wait for him
2.He was appointed chairman, in which post he spent the rest of his life.
= He was appointed chairman and in that post he spent the rest of his life.
3.He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.
4.In the office,I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., by which time many people have gone home.
5. He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine.
6. Our English teacher,with whose help we have made great progress in English,has completed thirty years of teaching.
【规律总结】
Which可以加概括意义的名词引导定语从句
and during/by that time=during /by which time 在那段时间
and in that case=in which case 在那种情况下
and at that point= at which point在那时
and that language= which language那种语言
3.from, since等介词+where / when
1.He stood by the window, from where he could see what was happening outside.
2.China is the birth place of kites, from where kiteflying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India
3.I am going back to my hometown this summer, by when I will have enough time to buy a car.
【规律总结】
and since/until/by then= since /until/by when
and from there= from where
三、关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。
when=表时间的介词（如：in，at，during等）+which；
Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at，on，under等）+which；
Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which
(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。
I still remember the day when I came here.( on the day =when)
(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。
This is the house where I lived last year.( in the house= where)
(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。
There are many reasons why people like traveling.(for the reasons =why)
比较：
This is the reason__________ he gave me.
This is the reason__________ he was late.
This is the factory ________ my father worked.
This is the factory __________my father visited.
October 1st is a day __________ we will never forget.
October 1st is a day ______our new China was founded.
四、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）
1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)
2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)
3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
Do you like the book on which she spent $10 ?
Do you like the book for which she paid $10 ?
Do you like the book from which she learned a lot ?
Do you like the book about which she often talks?
总结：介词+关系代词
1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。

第二部分：随堂检测
请根据上述方法解答下列有关定语从句的练习题。
1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _______ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
2.Gun control is a subject _______Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
3.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people ,many of ________left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A.whom B.which C.them D.whose
4.The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A for which B at which C in which D on which
5. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
6. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
7.Eric received training in the computer for one year,_______he found a job in a big company.
A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after this
8.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,________there won't be much work.
A.where B.that C.by which D.without which
9.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,________wanted to buy it.
A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom
10.Many children, _________parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.
A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom
第三部分：课外巩固练习
1.I met a man _____ my grandfather worked 30 years ago.
A. on whom B. with whom C. whom D. with who
2.LiuZige broke the world record of the women 200-meter swimming, ______ we are proud.
A.of whom B. in whom C. of which D. in which
3. It is the country silk was first invented in.
A.which B.where C. what D. as
4.Su Song was an eleventh century monk _____ very little is known.
A.about who B.on whom C.to whom D.about whom
5.The machine _____ you are looking has broken down.
A. at which B. for which C.into which D. of which
6. His house,___ he paid ￡10000， is worth 50000 now.
A.to which B.of which C for which D.at which
7.I met the fruit-pickers, ______ are university students.
A. several of them B. several of whom C. many of them D.many of who
8.Mr. Green, ____ I was working, is very generous.
A. of whom B. for who C. at whom D. for whom
9.They arrived at a farmhouse, and in front of ___ sat a small boy.
A.it B. which C. what D. where
10.I found my lost wallet ____ I left it.
A. at which B. where C.in which D. at the place
11. Ashdown forest, ____ we are driving, isn’t a forest any longer.
A. through which B. across which C.by which D. in where
12. He was educated at the local school, ____ he went on to Beijing University.
A.in which B. after which C. in that D. after that
13.The way ____ he worked out the difficult problem puzzled us.
A.which B. / C. how D. what
14.Barara went to the United States a couple of days, by ___ time she had learned dance and act in comedies.
A.that B. what C. which D. when
15. They went up to the roof, from_____ they could have a good view of the procession.
A.that B.that place C. which D.where
16. That was in 1949, ______ things have been better.
A. in which B. since which C.since when D.from when
17.Gun control is a subject ____ the American argued for a long time.
A. with which B. of which C. into which D. about which
18. The man pulled out a gold watch, _____ were made of diamonds.
A. the hands of which B. the hands of whom
C. which the hands of D. whom the hands of
19. She was educated at Beijing University, _____ she went on to receive further education abroad.
A. for which B. after which C. During which D. in which
20. By 5 o’clock pm, the climbers got to the top of the maountain, _______ appeared a rare rainbow afterwards.
A. from which B. over which C.above which D. on which
21. This is an amazing area of study,____ new discoveries are made every day.
A. by which B. in which C. during which D. at which
22. Good advertisement often uses words ____ people attach positive meaning.
A. to which B. of which C. on which D. at which
23. H has got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. which B. when C. in which D. at which
24. The house I grew up ____ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. at which C. in which D. in
25. A person ____ the e-mail account is full cannot send and receive messages.
A. whose B. of whom C. who D.whom
26.What surprised me most was not what he said, but the way____ he said it.
A./ B. what C. in that D. which
27. China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea and other Ashian countries.
A. where B. from where C. which D. from which
28. Mrs Lee will move into the new house next Monday, ____ it will be conpletely finished.
A. by which time B. by that time C. by this time D. by the time
29. Luckily ,we’d bought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. what C. which D. that
30. The shoe factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ____ are sold abroad.
A. of whom B. of them C. of it D. of which