2022年牛津译林版江苏省中考英语阅读理解专题讲义

阅读理解专题
知识点一、阅读理解考情概览 【知识梳理1】考情分析 分析苏州近年中考真题可以看出，阅读理解的命题具有以下特点： 1. 题数：4篇，有2＋3＋3＋4，也有模式3＋3＋3＋3。 2. 文体：每年文体均衡分布，近年来出现了说明文或议论文等形式的阅读材料，涉及话题广泛。 3. 词数：前四年的第一篇都在100词左右，第二篇在200词左右，第三篇在250词左右，第四篇在350词左右。 4. 题型：以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，每年都有2～4题是关于整篇文章的主旨大意题或者是关于整篇文章的推理判断题，另外有些新题型出现，预测2021。 知识点二、阅读理解考情分析 【知识梳理1】中考英语阅读理解命题规律 【知识梳理2】Types of questions 一、事实细节题（分值最大） 1、事实细节题呈现方式 【例题精讲】 例1：直接信息题(2019江苏苏州中考） 原文： What makes a yolk dark orange A. The hen's food. B. The colour of the shell. C. The age of the egg. D. The vitamins in the egg . 例2：间接信息题 原文： Your skin covers your body．In most parts of your body，the skin is just as thick as half a centimeter．If you have your skin cut，it will have a quick cure and stop viruses from getting into your body．Your skin also helps you feel the heat and coldness of the environment around you．Hair grows from inside the skin．When you feel hot，extra heat comes out through your skin．As a result，your body temperature drops． If you have no skin covering your body, what would happen？　 A．Extra heat can only stay inside our body． B．Viruses can’t get into our body easily． C．We can’t feel the changes in temperature． D．Our body can be guarded by our hair 例3：数字计算题 原文： How much will you pay if you take the reading and listening courses ￡90.00. B. ￡125.00. C. ￡155.00. D. ￡185.00. 例4：排列顺序题 原文： He got the ALS(渐冻症)in1963, At that time, doctors said he would only live a few years, But he proved them wrong by living for over 50 years more and going on with his scientific work. The disease finally put him in a wheelchair and took away his ability to speak, For many years, Hawking communicated by using a special tool but not in his own voice. His 1988 book “Brief History of Time "became an international bestseller and made him world-famous Haw king was also known for his successful research on black holes. His work is known as Hawking radiation In his 2013 book “ My Brief History”, Hawking wrote about his ideas of the illness The right order of the following events should be_____. a. Hawking got the ALS in 1963 b. Hawking passed away this March c. Hawking wrote "My Brief History “which is about his illness. d. Hawking wrote "A Brief History of Time “and it made him world-famous. A. a, d, c, b B. a, b, c, d C. b, a, c, d D. d, a, c, b 例5：图表图画题 原文： How often can you take the writing course every week Only once. B. Twice. C. Five times. D. Every day. 2.细节题做题技巧 词义猜测题 1、常见提问方式 2、猜词技巧 【例题精讲】 例1：根据释义猜词 原文： Later, when English ships met violent wind and rain in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word "tai-fung", which means great wind". The underlined word “violent” in Paragraph 4 means_______ A. soft B. strong C. quiet D. noisy 例2：根据语境猜测 原文： Most people believe that dandelions are weeds. They do not want them in their gardens. But some people think that dandelion flowers are pretty. And others think that dandelions taste good. They cook dandelion leaves or put them into a fresh salad. The leaves must be picked before the flowers come out or they will not taste good. Some people make dandelion flowers into wine. The underlined word "weeds" means . A. pretty flowers B. fresh vegetables C. wild plants D. green trees 例3：根据构词法 原文： Destruction of the world's rain forests is a serious problem. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers' students bought three acres of rain forest in Central America. They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed. The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest. The word “Destruction” in paragraph 2 probably means “the process of being ______.” A. destroyed B. developed C. described D. discovered 例4：根据同义词和反义词的关系猜测 原文： Do you have brown hair Are you taller than other kids your age These characteristics were decided before you were born. You got your traits from your parents. They passed their traits on to you through genes(基因). The underlined word "traits" in Paragraph 1 means . A. characteristics B. experiences C. achievements D. possibilities 例5：根据对比和转折关系猜词 原文： Instead they chose large cars, because these roomy cars were more comfortable for large families and long trips. Some people also liked the powerful engines（发动机） that large cars had. Since gasoline was cheap, drivers did not mind that the large cars used a lot of gasoline. What does “roomy” in Paragraph 4 mean A. having much space B. having little space C. having a large room D. having a small room 例6：根据熟词生义猜词 原文： Your head houses the most valuable part of your body﹣your brain．As you are reading，your eyes send pictures to your brain which makes meaning from what you see．Your brain helps you to remember and think，and makes sure your body is doing what it should． The underlined word“houses”in the passage probably means _______． A．stores B．locks C．creates D．builds 3、技巧点拨 推理判断题 1、常见设题方式 2、推断题型 【例题精讲】 例1：推理文章的出处（题材） 原文： The material above is . A. a book report B. a book list C. a book review D. a book cover 例2：与文章细节相关的推断 原文： A dominant(显性的)gene shows up most of the time. Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes. A recessive(隐性的)gene shows up less often. Light hair comes from a recessive gene. Dark hair is more common. Look at the eye color and hair color of the people around you. You will see that this is true. According to Paragraph 3, you can see most of the people around you have . A. brown eyes with dark hair B. brown eyes with light hair C. blue eyes with dark hair D. blue eyes with light hair 例3：对文章后续内容推断 原文： Last summer, Maria and her mother moved from their house in the countryside to a flat building in Chicago. Maria really liked some things about the city，but she missed her house and yard in the countryside. One day, Maria was in her flat building when she noticed her neighbor, Mrs. Garcia, carrying a gardening tool and a bag of soil. Maria wondered how Mrs. Garcia was able to garden in the city. "My mom used to grow the most delicious vegetables and I know she misses her garden now that we don't have a yard，" said Maria. Mrs. Garcia laughed. "I'll show you，"she said. Maria thought that Mrs. Garcia would take her to the park，but she took her to the roof(屋顶).When the door opened, Maria was surprised to see rows of flowers and vegetables on the roof. "What a wonderful garden! " said Maria. Mrs. Garcia told Maria that for a long time the roof was just an empty space. Then some of the people in the building asked the owners to turn it into a community garden. The building owners liked the idea because the plants not only helped to keep the air clean，but they also helped to keep the building cooler during warmer weather. "I plant flowers in my own place，" Mrs. Garcia said，" but you would be surprised by how different the plants are up here. Some people grow vegetables just like your mom. You can do some of the same things in the city as in the countryside. You just have to be creative! " After Maria visited the garden，she would most probably ask her mom to . A. go back to the countryside B. pick flowers from the garden C. grow vegetables on the roof D. show her around the park 例4：指代推断（2020年苏州中考） 原文： “This is John,” said Mr Turner. The boy standing next to him was tall, with a friendly face. I noticed Adam and Chen give each other the thumbs (大拇指) up. That meant they were going to invite him to join the cool group. They smiled at him and he smiled back. The underlined “him” in Paragraph 1 refers to _______. A. Adam B. Mr Turner C. Chen D. John 推断题做题技巧 主旨大意题 1、主旨大意题常见设题方式 2、主旨大意题型 【例题精讲】 例1：开门见山式 原文： Hi, my name is Murray Wenzel. But my friends call me Muz, Muzza, Wenz or even Moon. Yes, I have lots of nicknames. But in Australia, where I am from, that’s quite common. What does the passage mainly talk about A. The importance of nicknames in Australian. B. A brief introduction of nicknames in Australia. C. The reason why people have nicknames in Australia. D. The meaning of a nickname for a person in Australia. 例2：藏头露尾式 原文： ...... Dog owners know their pets not only recognize emotions but also understand the feelings. What can we learn from the passage A. Dog owners know if their pets are happy. B. Dog owners know how to train their dogs. C. Dogs can make different facial expressions. D. Dogs can understand their owners' feelings. 例3：首尾呼应式 原文： Only humans speak using words. But all kinds in the animal world can communicate in one way or another. Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other and the way dogs bark in different ways to give warnings, to be friendly or to be playful. But did you know about infrasonic communication used by elephants This is how it works: ......When you stand near mother elephants with their babies in a zoo, you may notice a slight rumbling in the air every few minutes—not loud or strong, but clearly noticed. This is infrasonic communication—the mother elephants “talking” to their babies. Which would be the best title for the passage A. Talking to humans B. Talking to animals C. Playing with humans D. Playing with elephants 例4：卧虎藏龙式 原文： Firstly, it has a country park. Four thousand years ago, this was an important fort (要塞). ...... Horton aren’t pretty, but they’re functional and cheap. The streets are quiet and safe, and there are plenty of parks and playgrounds. ...... Which of the following sentences described Horton best A. A quiet, country town which has a number of good places to relax. B. A dirty, unpopular town which has little to offer visitors or local people. C. A busy, industrial town which has good connections to neighbouring cities. D. A friendly, historic town which is a great place to live, work and take a holiday. 3.主旨大意题做题技巧