Units 1-3 单元现在完成时态讲解课件（共有PPT121张）

(共121张PPT)
Present perfect tense
(现在完成时）
8B Unit 1-Grammar
一、现在完成时的定义
1.动作发生在过去，迄今为止已经完成并对现在产生后果或影响。
2.动作开始于过去，持续到现在甚至将来。
3. 动作到现在为止发生的次数。
这本书我已经看过三次了。
I have read this book three times.
我从没见到过大熊猫。
I have never seen giant pandas.
定义1： 现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。
She has gone. (她走了。)
从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出“走”的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。
He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there for two years.
He has studied French.
(他学过法语。)
这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。
Look! The blackboard is so clean now.
He has cleaned the blackboard.
(他已经擦过黑板了。)
这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。
1.我花光了钱。
I have spent all my money. (潜台词是“我现在没钱了）
2.杰克已经来了。
Jack has already come. （潜台词是“杰克人现在在这儿）
3.火车已经走了。
The train has left. (意思是你晚了，赶不上了）
现在完成时 Present perfect tense
构成:
助动词have/has + 过去分词
1.肯定句
现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。
注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。
eg. He has eaten supper.
They have eaten supper.
2.疑问句
　　现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 (回答用“Yes，---have/has．／“No，---haven’t/hasn’t．” ）
3.否定句：
现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't/hasn't＋过去分词”。
eg. Has he eaten supper
Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t.
eg. He hasn’t eaten supper.
They haven’t eaten supper.
三、现在完成时的标志词
标志词(1)：这种用法常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently,before(句末),once等连用
1.I ________ (do) my homework already.
2.He _____________(not finished) his homework yet.
3.____you ever _____(be) to Beijing
4.We ______ never ______ (see) such an exciting match before.
5.Mother _____ just _______(clean) the house. Please don’t come in.
6.They _________________(practice) this dialogue twice.
have done
has not finished
Have
been
have
seen
has
cleaned
have practiced
7.这本书他已经看过三次了。
He has read this book three times.
8.我从没见到过大熊猫。
I have never seen giant pandas.
1.already只用于肯定句中。
He has already finished his homework.
2.否定句和疑问句中用yet, 且yet 放在句末
Has he finished his homework yet
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
3.ever一般用于疑问句中。
Have you ever visited the Great Wall
也可用于含最高级的句中。
This is the worst film I have ever seen.
4.just只用于肯定句中，放在句中。
He has just borrowed a book from the library.
5. recently 可以用于各种句子，一般放在句末。
Has he written a letter to his parents recently
They have had three parties recently.
6.before作为副词使用时，也可用于现在完成时，放在句末。
I have heard of him before.
He has been to London before.
注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.
I haven’t seen the film yet.
2 I have already done my homework .
I haven’t done my homework yet.
3. Mother has just cleaned the house.
Mother hasn’t cleaned the house yet.
1 I have seen the film already.
4. Has your friend bought a new computer yet
5. Has the shop repaired my computer very quickly yet
My friend has already bought a new computer.
The shop has already repaired my computer very quickly.
move
live
love
like
四、动词的过去式和过去分词的构成:
1. 规则变化
visit
repair
watch
finish
visited visited
repaired repaired
watched watched
finished finished
moved moved
lived lived
loved loved
liked liked
verb＋ed
以e结尾＋d
stop
mop
trap
plan
stopped stopped
mopped mopped
trapped trapped
planned planned
注:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母＋ed
双写＋ed
study
hurry
studied studied
hurried hurried
去y＋ied
注:以辅音字母加y结尾的词,去y＋ied.
2.不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词
巧记规律
AAA: put– put –put let—let –let
ABA: become—became—become
AAB: beat--beat--beaten
ABB: stand—stood—stood
ABC: eat— ate—eaten
AAA
bet-bet-bet cost-cost-cost
cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit
hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let
put-put-put read-read-read
set-set-set shut-shut-shut
spread-spread-spread
原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。
特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。
有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:
run-ran-run
come-came-come
become-became-become
overcome-overcame-overcome
ABA
有些动词的过去式与原形是一样的:
beat--beat--beaten
AAB
原型 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eep -ept -ept keep,sweep,sleep
-ell -old -old sell,tell
-d -t -t lend,spend,send,build
-ay -aid -aid say,pay,lay
-n -t -t burn,learn,mean
-ee- -e- -e- meet,feed
-ought -ought bring,buy,fight,think
-aught -aught catch,teach
ABB(含规则动词)
1.另有一些其它形式的变化。
have (has)-had-had leave-left-left
lose-lost-lost make-made-made
feel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt
stand-stood-stood
2. 改变单词中间元音字母。
sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won
shine-shone-shone hold-held-held
find-found-found hear-heard-heard
hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)
ABB(含规则动词)
ABC
原型 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eak -oke -oken break,speak
-eal -ole -olen steal
-ear -ore -orn wear,bear,tear
-ow（aw） -ew -own grow,blow,know,
throw,draw
-i- -a- -u- sink,swim,drink,ring,
sing,begin
-i- -o- -n drive,rise,ride,write
ABC
有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。
take-took-taken give-gave-given
fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eaten
write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken
freeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden
get-got-got forget-forgot-forgotten
特殊：
am/is-was-been are-were-been,
do (does)-did-done go-went-gone
see-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed)
lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied)
Exercises:
bring
buy
fall
feel
speak
think
write
brought brought
bought bought
fell fallen
felt felt
spoke spoken
thought thought
wrote written
实力测验: 用所给词的适当形式填空
They___________(go) to the cinema already.
Mr. And Mrs.Li _________________(not come) back yet.
John___________ (be)to the USA a few times.
We _______________ (not see)that film yet.
I _____________ never (travel) by air.
______ you ever ______(visit) Hong Kong
have gone
have not come
has been
have not seen
have traveled
Have
visited
改错:
1.The students has cleaned the classroom. The classroom is clean now.
2.Mum has cook supper. Supper is ready now.
3.I see the new film. It is interesting.
4.His family lived here since 2000.
5. I try on the hat. It doesn’t suit me.
have
cooked
have seen
have lived
have tried
1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。
2. 你们在这个乡村住了多久了
3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。（post）
4. 他结婚了吗 是的.
5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。
She has been a nurse for three years.
I have already posted the photos to him.
I have just lost my history book.
How long have you lived in the village
Has he got married Yes, he has.
注意：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。
They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou before 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？
Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：
----Where is Tom ----He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
have been to 曾经去过某地（已返回）
Someone went to some place and has already
come back
have been in 去某地一段时间
someone stay in some place for some time
have gone to 去了某地 （没有回来）
Someone went to some place and is still there
A
B
A
A
B
B stay
Have/has gone to
have/has been to
have/has been in
have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；
have/has been to:曾去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;
have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。
PartA
Conclusion
2、三者的常见用法
have been (to) + 地点+次数
have been (in) + 地点 + for/since
have gone (to) + 地点
3、共同点
当后跟地点是副词 (home,here,there)时，介词
省略。
用have gone to和have been to完成句子。
1. 她到上海去了。
She _____ _______ _____ Shanghai.
2. 她到过上海。
She ______ _______ ________ Shanghai.
3. 他上哪儿去了？
Where ______ he ________
4. 他到过哪儿了？
Where ______ he _________
5. 我到过图书馆。
I ____ _____ _____ the library.
has gone to
has been to
has gone
has been
have been to
have/has gone to…
have/has been in …
have/has been to…
1.A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei
B: He ______________his school library.
2.The Greens _____________China for three years.
We _____________the Great Wall twice. It’s very beautiful.
has gone to
have been in
have been to
Translation:
她以前曾去过上海。
She has been to Shanghai before.
他在上海10年了。
He has been in Shanghai for ten years.
他去上海了。
He has gone to Shanghai.
Exercises
Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。
我在北京待了5年了。
Jack 去过上海两次了
-Where is Tom
-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.
I have been in Beijing for 5 years.
Jack has been to Shanghai twice.
Translate the following sentences.
1.我叔叔已去过美国两次,但我从没去过。
My uncle has been to America twice, but I
have never been there.
2.Nick 在哪里？他去了图书馆。
Where is Nick He has gone to the library.
3.Kitty和爸爸妈妈去了香港，她们一个礼拜之后回来。
Kitty and her parents have gone to Hong Kong.
They will be back in a week.
小试身手
选用have been to或have gone to的适当形式填空。
1.My father Beijing. He will
be back in two days.
2.The Greens the USA twice.
3.A:Where is your aunt now I haven’t seen her
for a long time.
B:She Xiamen.
______ you ever ___________ Hong Kong
Disneyland
5.A: Tom Nanjing
B:Yes. He hasn’t come back yet.
has gone to
have been to
has gone to
Have
been to
Has
gone to
改错
1. Where have you ever gone The
Lantau Island.
2. We have been to the USA for many
years.
3. —How many times have you been in
Hong-shan Zoo —Twice.
4. —Where is your mother —She has
been to America.
been
in
to
gone
当堂巩固
--My father ____Xi’an with my grandparents.
--Really ____ will they come back
A has been to, How soon
B has gone to, How soon
C has been to , How long
D has gone to, How long
U2---Finishing Part A1 on page 26
Answers:
1.has gone 2.have, been 3.has been 4.have gone 5.has gone
U2---Finishing Part A2 on page 27
Answers:
1.has, gone 2.has, gone 3.Have, been 4.have been 5.Have, been 6.have been 7.have gone
U1---Finishing Part A on page 14
1 borrow
2 hope
3 make
4 get
5 plan
6 cry
7 send
8 watch
9 say
10 grow
11 hit
12 enjoy
1 borrow
2 hope
3 make
4 get
5 plan
6 cry
borrowed
hoped
made
got
planned
cried
sent
watched
said
grew
hit
enjoyed
U1---Finishing Part B on page 14
1 They __________ (finish) their homework already.
2 John _______ never _____ (visit) China.
3 Mr Li __________ (repair) over ten
bicycles since Monday.
4 We_ __________ (not see) each other for years.
5 My parents __________ (not come) back yet.
6. Our teacher __________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China
have finished
has visited
has repaired
haven’t seen
has taught
haven’t come
U1---Finishing Part C on page 14
M: ________ you ________ (see) any
films recently, Sandy
S: No, I haven’t.What about you
M: Well, I ________ (see) one last Saturday.
S: What is it about
M: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I ________ (learn) more about Beijing’s past and present.
S: Oh, I think I ________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again
M: Yes, I’d like to.
Have
seen
saw
have heard
have learnt
定义2：现在完成时态还表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来。
Mike borrowed the books two days ago.
Mike has kept the books for two days.
Note: A 动词使用延续性动词。
B 和表时间段的时间状语连用.
标志词（2）：这种用法常与for或since引导的时间连用,还有so far, up to/till now, in/ the last/past+一段时间，all one’s life, by now, these days, for two years、since 1984、since he came here等。 如：
I haven’t seen her these days.
She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.
They have lived here since 1990.
What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years
1.We __________ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.
2.Mr. Green _________ (be) in China these years.
3.They ____________(write) 15 songs so far.
4.The population ____________ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.
have learned
has been
have written
has grown
注　意：
(1) since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;
　since two weeks ago=for two weeks;
I have kept the library book for a week.=
I have kept the library book since a week ago.
(2) since + 时间点＝for＋时间段
since 2000=for 16 years
(3) since+从句(常用一般过去时)
The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris
(4) It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.
自从某事发生已有一段时间了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.
Attention: since的用法
1. Since+ 过去某个时间（此时 since充当介词）
Eg: He has been in this school since 1999.
2. Since+一段时间+ ago （此时 since充当介词）
Eg: She has known Susan since seven years ago.
3. Since+ 从句 （此时 since充当连词）（此时主句使用完成时，从句则要使用过去时）
Eg: I have lived here since I was born.
4.当主句的谓语动词为be或seem时，则主句要采用一般现在时,从句仍使用过去时。
Eg: It’s a long time since we left school.
重点句型:
It is/ has been+段时间+since从句
=段时间+has passed+ since从句
eg. 他死了两年了：
He died two years ago.
He has been dead for two years.
He has been dead since two years ago.
It is/ has been two years since he died.
Two years has passed since he died.
since 和for:
1) Eddie has lived with Millie since 2001.
Eddie has lived with Millie since 4 years ago.
Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.
小结:since + 时间点 （ 词、词组或句子）
2) Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.
小结:for + 时间段
3) 对以上句子划线部分提问:
How long has Eddie lived with Millie
用for和since填空
They have been learning Chinese _____
they came to China.
2. I haven’t seen her _____ a long time.
3. He has been living here _____ 2001.
4. She has been doing her homework ____
two hours.
5. It’s 5 years _____ we left school.
6. – How long has Mary been a teacher
– _____ two years ago.
Have a try
since
for
since
for
since
Since
for or since
1. We have lived here ____ 1990.
2. How long have you studied here ___ 5 years .
3. The boy has had a bad cold _____ last night .
4. Mr. Huang has kept the books ______ a week ago .
5.I have taught in the school _____ I came here .
6We have been friends ____ a long time .
since
For
since
since
since
for
We have learned English ______ Grade Three in primary school.
We have learned English _______ five years.
2.He hasn’t felt well ________ last night.
Has he seen the doctor
3. I have read this story book _______ three days ago. I haven’t finished reading it yet.
选用since 或for 填空:
since
for
since
since
4. It has snowed ______ two days.
Everything is covered with snow.
5. We have cleaned the classroom ______ half an hour.
6. We have studied at this school ____ 2003.
for
for
since
区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.
英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词，二是短暂性动词。延续行动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成，而是可以延续、发展的动词。如：work,read,write,study等,短暂性动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：come, go, buy, die, 等。表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或how long问句
I have bought this pen for two months.
I have had this pen for two months.
How long have you _____ this pen.
had
The play has begun for an hour.
has been on for an hour.
结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.
1.直接用延续性动词
buy– have catch(get) a cold –have a cold borrow—keep
come/go /become—be put on-- wear
2.转换成be+名词
join the army – be a soldier
join the Party –be a Party member
go to school– be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die—be dead finish – be over begin—be on
leave—be away fall asleep – be asleep close – be closed
4.转换成 be+介词短语
go to school– be in school join the army – be in the army
1.我们买这本书三年了.
We have had the book for three years.
2.他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days.
We bought the book three years ago.
He caught a cold three days ago.
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同意句
切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：
arrive→ begin(start)→
die → come back→
leave →
fall ill(sick, asleep)→
open → close →
join →
borrow → buy →
finish/end →
get/come to →
get married →
be in/on/at
be on
be dead
be back
be away (from)
be ill(sick, asleep)
be open
be closed
be in/ be a member of…
keep
have
be over
be in/on/at
be married
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变
第一类：动词 be + adj.
die finish
open/close
fall ill/asleep
marry sb/get married to
第二类：动词 be + 介词.
start/begin
leave
join
be dead
be away from
be in/be a member of
be open/closed
be on
be over
be ill/asleep
be married to
第三类：动词 另一个动词
buy
borrow
get/begin to延续性v.
eg. get/begin to know
become
put on
keep
have
be
延续性v.
wear
know
巧记瞬间性动词的转换
“开始离去借来还， 出生入死买到家，
穿衣入睡要感冒， 开开关关变结束。”
1 begin be on 6 return be back
2 leave be away from 7 join be in
3 go be off 8 die be dead
4 borrow keep 9 buy have
5 come be here 10 arrive be here
10 reach be here 11put on wear
13catch a cold have a cold
14open be open 15close be closed
17end/finish be over
16become be
12fall asleep be asleep
His father died 2 years ago.
The football match began at 9:00a.m.
The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old.
My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.
His father has been dead for 2 years./since two years ago.
The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.
The twins have been soldiers/ in the army/members of the army since they were 18years old.
My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days./since 3 days ago.
1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )
2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( )
A B C
A B C
B kept
B been on
3. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。
I’ve _____ the bike _____ two years.
4. He left Nanjing two years ago.
He ___ _____ _____ ______ Nanjing for two years.
5. The monkey died last month.
The monkey _____ _____ _____ for a month.
6. A: Hong long _____ you _____ ( )
B: Two weeks.
A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been ill
had for
has been away from
has been dead
D
1.I _____this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
2.The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China.
A. will visit B. visited C. have visited D. visit
3.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in　 B. have been to　
C. have gone to　 D. have been
4.I'm sorry, I ____ your name.
A. had forgotten B. forgot C. have forgotten D. forgotten
5.Her brother _____the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. was in
Exercise:
Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习（1）：
1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。
A: You are late. The film for 10 minutes.
B: You are late. It ten minutes since the film .
C: You are late. The film 10 minutes .
2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。
A: My uncle the army for 2 years.
B: It 2 years my uncle joined the army.
C: My uncle the army 2 years ago.
3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。
A: Linda a cold 4 to 5 days.
B: It 4 to 5 days since Linda a cold
C: Linda a cold 4 or 5 days .
has been on
is
began/started
began/started
has been in
is
since
joined
has had
for
is
caught
caught
ago
ago
Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习 （2）：
4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。
A: His grandpa for 5 years.
B: It 5 years since his grandpa .
C: His grandpa 5 years .
5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。
A: You’re late. The train for 20 minutes.
B: It 20 minutes since the train .
C: The train 20 minutes .
6、他们到深圳已经有3年多了。
A: They Shenzhen for over 3 years.
B: It over 3 years since they Shenzhen.
C: They Shenzhen over 3 years .
has been dead
is
died
died
ago
has been away
is
left
left
ago
have been/stayed in
is
arrived at
got to/ reached
arrived at
got to/ reached
ago
1. 这本书我借了一个月了。
I borrowed this book a month ago.
It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.
I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.
A month has passed since I borrowed the book.
同意句
1.I borrowed the library book two days ago.
I _______ _______the library book________two days.
2.The meeting started ten minutes ago.
A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ago.
B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes.
3.My brother joined the Party last year.
A. My brother _________ _________ ________the Party since last year.
B. My brother__________ ________ _______ party member since last year.
4.He left Nanjing two years ago.
He_________ _________ ________ ________Nanjing for two years.
have kept
for
has been on
has been on
has been in
has been a
has been away from
since
for
5.That dog died last month.
That dog________ _________ ________since last month.
6.He has had the bike for two years.
A.Two years________ _________since he ________the bike.
B.It’s ______ __________since he_________the bike.
C.He _______the bike two years__________.
has been dead
has passed
bought
two years bought
bought ago
改错:
How long have you become a league member？
For more than one year.
Have you arrived here since last night.
Yes，you’re right.
The dog has died for a month.
He has gone to Shanghai twice.
How long have been at this school
Since two years .
been
been
been dead
been
ago.
For
1.He ___________ (wait) for an hour.
2.I _______________(not finish) the work yet.
3. ______ you ______ (know) him since then
4.I ___________ (not hear) from my brother for a long time.
5.We ___________ (be) there many times since 3 years ago.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs.
has waited
haven’t finished
Have
known
haven’t heard
have been
6.How long __________ you __________ (stay) at home already
7. He ___________ (not read) the book before.
8.Her sister ________ (go) to Changchun. She________ (leave) this morning.
9.He ___________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.
10.The writer ____________ (finish) several story-books since 1990.
have
stayed
hasn’t read
has gone
left
has lived
has finished
把下例句子译成英语:
1 南京自1995年以来发生了很大的变化.
2 南京已经成为一个现代化的城市.
3你们在这个乡村住了多久了
4他结婚了吗 是的,他已经结婚6年了.
Nanjing has changed a lot since 1995.
Nanjing has turned into a modern city.
How long have you lived in the village
Has he got married
yes, he has been married for six years.
Correcting
1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.
2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.
3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.
4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.
5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold
have kept
has been in/ been a member of the army
since 5 years ago/ for 5 years
came
did
catch
6. Ten years have passed since they got married.
7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.
8.What time have the factory opened
9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice
has
has been in
did
open
been to
巩固练习：（同义转换，每空一词）
１.Li Lei joined the Party three years ago.
Li Lei the Party three years ago.
Li Lei the Party three years.
three years Li Lei joined the Party.
Three years Li Lei joined the Party.
2.My father left Gucheng last week.
My father Gucheng last week.
My father Gucheng a week.
3.The factory opened in 1996.
The factory ten years.
The factory since 1996.
has been in
since
has been in
for
It’s
since
has passed since
has been away from
since
has been away from
for
has been open for
has been open
4. His grandfather died five years ago.
His grandfather since .
His grandfather five years.
five years his grandfather died.
Five years his grandfather died.
5. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ago.
Mr. Wang Beijing five days ago.
Mr. Wang Beijing five days.
6. The film began ten minutes ago.
The film for .
The film since .
has been dead
five years ago
has been dead for
It’s
since
has passed since
has been in
since
has been in
for
has been on
ten minutes
has been on
ten minutes ago
7. My father bought a new car two years ago.
My father _____ _____ a new car _____ two years.
My father _____ _____ a new car _____ two years ago.
8.Tom borrowed this book four days ago.
Tom _____ ______ this book _____ four days.
Tom _____ ______ this book _____ four days ago.
9. Jim joined the League last yeas.
Jim _____ _____ a League member _____ a year.
Jim _____ _____ _____ the League _____ last year.
10. They came to China ten years ago.
They _____ _____ _____ China _____ ten years.
They _____ _____ _____ China _____ ten years ago.
11. My son fell asleep half an hour ago.
My son _____ _____ _____ for _____ _____ _____.
My son _____ _____ _____ since _____ _____ _____ _____.
has had
for
has had
since
has kept
for
has kept
since
has been
for
has been in
since
have been in
for
have been in
since
has been asleep
half an hour
has been asleep
half an hour ago
现在完成时的构成
1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型
主语（第一、二人称单、复数)+have
主语（第三人称复数） +have +过去分词
主语（第三人称单数） +has
2. 现在完成时的否定句句型
主语+have/has+not+过去分词+……
I have not seen the movie yet.
He hasn’t been to Beijing since then
We have lived in Beijing.
He has lived in Beijing.
I have finished my homework.
3.现在完成时的一般疑问句句型
Have/Has+主语+过去分词+….
Have you finished the work
Has she arrived here
—Yes, … have/ has.
— No, … haven’t/ hasn’t.
4.现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+…….
How many times have you been to the
Great Wall
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。
一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。
1.他已学英语五年了。
He has studied English for five years.
2.他曾学过五年英语。
He studied English for five years.
（说明他还继续学下去）
（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）
1.都表示过去发生的事
2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；
3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）
present
past
I have lived here for two years.
I lived there 2 years ago.
和过去时态的区别及联系：
·
·
2014
2016
Eddie was born four years ago.
past
present
Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.
past
present
Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.
五分钟前海伦离开了。
Helen left five minutes ago.
海伦刚刚离开。
Helen has just left.
——火车走了吗？——走了。
—Has the train left —Yes, it has.
——什么时候走的？——十分钟前。
—When did it leave —Ten minutes ago.
一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语：
遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, just now等就用一般过去时。
当有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时。
有些时间状语，既能用于现在完成时，又能用于一般过去时，但意义上有差别。
I’ve written three letters this morning.（说话时仍是上午）
I wrote three letters this morning.
（说话时是下午或晚上）
Next
①.我们买这本书三年了.
We have had the book for three years.
②他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days.
We bought the book three years ago.
He caught a cold three days ago.
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
I have kept the book since last week.
④我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have been a student for over two years.
I borrowed the book last week.
I became a student two years ago.
⑤ Mr Black死了三年了。
Mr Black has been dead for three years.
Mr Black died three years ago.
⑥小明参军半年了。
Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.
Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.
⑦我们上了8年学了。
We have been students for eight years.
⑧下课10分钟了
The class has been over for ten minutes.
9.电影开始了一小时了
The film has been on for an hour.
10. 门打开半小时了
The door has been open for half an hour.
U2---Finishing Part B on page 28
Answers:
1.arrived 2.have been 3.borrowed 4.have kept 5.began 6.has been
U3---Differences between the two(P41)
A Simon is showing Millie some plete his sentences with the correct forms of the given verb.
1. I _____________(visit) the Palace Museum with my grandparents the other day.
visited
Differences between the two
A Simon is showing Millie some plete his sentences with the correct forms of the given verb.
2. I ____________(climb) Mount Huang last Summer.
climbed
Differences between the two
A Simon is showing Millie some plete his sentences with the correct forms of the given verb.
3. _______ you ever _________ (try) the famous Tianjing Baozi
Have tried
Differences between the two
A Simon is showing Millie some plete his sentences with the correct forms of the given verb.
4. I am happy that I ____________(learn) to swim.
have learnt
B Mr Wu is asking the students to make sentences with the correct tenses. Help them to complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the brackets.
2. I __________( write ) an email to my friend
yesterday.
Daniel _________________( write / already )
two emails.
1. I _______________( finish / just ) my homework.
Millie _________( finish ) her homework 20
minutes ago.
have just finished
has already written
wrote
finished
B Mr Wu is asking the students to make sentences with the correct tenses. Help them to complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the brackets.
3. I _________( be ) in Hainan last month.
Some of our classmates ______________( not
be ) yet.
4. I _____________(live ) in Sunshine Town since
I was born.
Daniel ____________( live ) in Nanjing in 2007.
was
have not been
have lived
lived
Have you ever been
have been
did you go
spent
Did you like
had
visited
ate
have never been
showed
have
seen
bought
have read
has returned
have
been
用所给词的适当形式填空：
He ____________(work) in our school for one year.
He ______(come) to our school last year.
They _______________(cook) the supper already.
They ___________ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.
has worked
came
have cooked
cooked
1. My father bought many books for me yesterday .
Now , I have a lot to read because ________________________________
2. I saw this film last week.
Now, I know this film because I_____________________.
3. I did my homework yesterday.
Now, I can give it to the teacher because I______________
my father has bought many books for me.
have seen it before
have done it.
Exercises
1. I ________(have) lunch already.
2. the train_______ (arrive) yet
3.Tom ____ never_______ (be ) to China.
4. The twin ______just _____(see) my father.
5. The twins ____(see) my father just now.
6.______ you ever _______(ride) a horse Never.
have had
Has arrived
has
been
has
seen
saw
Have ridden
7._____ you ________(clean) the room
Yes, we__________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
8.______ he ______(see) this film yet No.
When _____ he _____(see) it
He ______ it tomorrow.
9. How many times _____you______(come) here
Once.
Have
cleaned
have done
did
do
did
Has
seen
will
see
will see
have
come
6.How long __________ you __________ (stay) at home already
7. He ___________ (not read) the book before.
8.Her sister ________ (go) to Changchun. She________ (leave) this morning.
9.He ___________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.
10.The writer ____________ (finish) several story-books since 1990.
have
stayed
hasn’t read
has gone
left
has lived
has finished
Correcting
1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.
2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.
3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.
4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.
5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold
have kept
has been in/ been a member of the army
since 5 years ago/ for 5 years
came
did
catch
6. Ten years have passed since they got married.
7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.
8.What time have the factory opened
9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice
has
has been in
did
open
been to
7. Tom ___________ (buy) the bike for 2 years.
8.I (not finish) the work yet.
9. you (know) him since then
10.I ________ (hear) from my father recently.
11.We ____ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.
12.The dog ________ (die) since 3 days ago.
13.They _____ (finish)the work so far.
14.How long you ____ (stay) at home yet
15.I ________ (not read) the book before.
16. He just (do) it.
17.My sister ____ (walk) to school every day last year.
18.We ____ (have) an exam again sometime next week.
19.By 2012, we __________ (plant) 2000 trees.
20.Lucy _____ ___ (go) to Shanghai. She __ (leave)
this morning.
haven’t finished
Have
known
have heard
have been
has been dead
have finished
have
stayed
haven’t read
has
done
walked
will have
have planted
has gone
left
has had
1. Where _____ you _____, John I’m looking for you everywhere.
A. have; been B. have ;been to
C. have; gone D. did; go to
2. How long _____ your father _____ Shanghai
A. did; come B. has; go to
C. has; been to D. has; been in
选 择
A. have; been
D. has; been in
Exercises
3. I _____ my watch in my bedroom yesterday.
A. left B. forgot
C. have forgotten D. have left
4. She has worked in the factory _____.
A.since three years ago B. for 1999
C. since in 1999 D. since three years
A. left
A.since three years ago
( )1.You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______
A. haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you
( ) 2. —I have watched the game.
—When ____ you ____ it
A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch
( )3. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
( )4. His grandma ______ for two years.
A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead
B
C
B
D
( )5. –Where is Han Mei now
－ She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone
( )6. －_____ you ____to the United States
－ No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago
A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go
( )7. You haven’t changed your mind,_______
A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you
( )8. How long have you _____ the football team of
the school
A. played B. been at C. joined D been on
A
A
C
D
( )9. —Where have you _____ these days
—I have _____ to Kunming with my friends.
A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone
( )10. How long have you ____ this book
A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent
( )11. —Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet
—Yes, I _____ it last night.
A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw
( )12. He has never ridden a horse before,_____
A. is he B. isn’t he C. hasn’t he D. has he
B
C
D
D
EXERCISES:
1.( )I ________heard of that story before.
A. don’t have B. not have C. have not D. not to have
2.( )She’ s never been to that factory,_________
A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she
3.( )Have you made dumplings__________ No, I haven’t.
A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before
4.( )Tom________ ill since last night.
A. was B. is C. has been D. be
5.( )How long have you_ ________ Nanjing
About two years.
A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to
C
D
D
C
C
6.( ) How many times has Jim _______that park Twice.
A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to
7.( )I’ve______ this dictionary for half a year.
A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed
8.( )She won’t go to the cinema this evening because she
________the film before.
A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. is seeing
9.( )Mr Li_______posted his letter_______.It’s still on his desk.
A. has,already B. hasn’t,yet C. has,yet D. hasn’t,already
10.( )The shop_______for about seven years.
A.is opening B.has opened C.opening D.has been open
B
B
B
A
D
The Smiths _______________(watch) TV this time yesterday .
She ____________(make) a lot of friends here so far.
Her parents _______________(not write) to her since they left.
It is five years since he _________(join) the Party.
They _______(live) in this city ten years ago.
He ______just ________(come) back from the city .
---Can Alice go hiking with us tomorrow
---If she _______(feel) better tonight .
8. Someone _________(call) you just now .
用所给动词的适当形式填空
were watching
has made
haven’t written
joined
lived
has
come
feels
called
( )1.You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______
A. haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you
( ) 2. —I have watched the game.
—When ____ you ____ it
A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch
( )3. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
( )4. His grandma ______ for two years.
A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead
B
C
B
D
( )5. –Where is Han Mei now
－ She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone
( )6. －_____ you ____to the United States
－ No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago
A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go
( )7. You haven’t changed your mind,_______
A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you
( )8. How long have you _____ the football team of
the school
A. played B. been at C. joined D been on
A
A
C
D
中考链接
一.选择填空
1、Uncle Dong is ______from time to time because he misses his old friends.
A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. unkind
2、Mr and Mrs Black ______ back _________.
A. hasn’t come, yet B. haven’t come , yet
C. haven’t , come already D. hasn’t come , already
3、We haven’t seen each other ________.
A. for a long time B. two days ago
C. for two days ago D. a long time ago.
4、It has been in service ________ 1998.
A. in B. at C. or D. since
5、It _______ seven years __________ Hong Kong return to China.
A. was, since B. is, since
C. was, after D. is , after
6、--- Where are Mike and Jack
---- They _______ the library.
A. have gone B. have gone to
C. has been to D. has gone to
7、There is a new bridge _______ the Tsing Ma Bridge.
A. call B. to call C. called D. calling.
8.I ____ you a happy holiday.
A. hope B. wish C. want D. like
9.I enjoy ________ my friends on the internet on Sundays.
A. chat B. chatting
C. chatting to D. chatting with.
10.In a dictionary which is always before tram.
A. train B. try C. tree D. true
11.The place _______ be the home of wild red cranes.
A. is used to B. used to
C. is used D. was used to
12.We hope you _______ a happy holiday in Hong Kong.
A. to have B. having C. had D. will have
13.The old man was not ______ to climb up the hill.
A. healthy B. enough healthy
C. health enough D. healthy enough
14.------- _______ you _______ the book ______ to the library yet.
------ Yes. I have.
A. Have ，returned，/ B. Have， returned， back
C. Did return ，/ D. Did， return，back
15.He has _______ finished his homework. He’s now ______ a rest.
A. yet, having B. just, has
C. ever, has D. already, having.