2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句用法课件（43张）

(共43张PPT)
the Attributive Clause
定语从句
什么是从句？
1.他是一个学生。他学习很努力。
2.他是一个学生，并且他学习很努力。
3.他是一个学习很努力的学生。
He is a student. He studies hard.
He is a student, and he studies hard.
He is a student who studies hard.
定语从句
含义: 修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
修饰girl
This is the classroom where we study.
修饰classroom
先行词
关系词
定语从句
He is a student who studies hard.
关系词的作用：
The boy who I met yesterday is a singer.
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that, as
where, when, why
1. 引导定语从句；
2. 代替先行词；
3. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。
注意：
1、当关系词在定语从句中作
充当______时可省略。
2、what____引导定语从句。
宾语
不能
定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
定语从句
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March.
1) 限定性定语从句: 紧跟先行词无逗号和主句隔开
2) 非限定性定语从句: 有逗号与先行词隔开
突破难点
难点归纳
1、 that 与which的用法
3、关系代词和关系副词的选择
2、介词+关系代词
4、非限制性定语从句
www.
难点一、只能用that不能用which的情况有哪些？
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
that 和 which 的区别：
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(5)先行词同时指人和指物时，用that
We talked about the men and the things that we remembered at school.
(6)当主句是以which, who, what开头的特殊问句时，引导定语从句的关系代词一般用that，而不用which.
Which is the book that you bought last week
Who is the girl that is sitting by the bank
指物，介词后。
2. 用于非限制定语从句中
只使用which应遵循的规则
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难点二：
介词+关系代词
介词+关系代词的定义
当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前
He is the person _____________ you spoke
to
that/who/whom
He is the person _______ you spoke.
whom
This is the house __________ I lived 4y ago
in
This is the house ______ I lived 4y ago
that/which
which
介词+关系代词中介词的选择
根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。
根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。
根据从句句意的需要来确定介词。
根据主从句搭配关系的需要来确定介词。
介词的选用
定语从句中先行词的搭配习惯
I never forget the days during which I studied hard.
I never forget the day on which I went to college.
I never forget the year in which I went to college.
days
day
year
2. 定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯
Have you found the book for which I paid $10
Have you found the book on which I spent $10
Have you found the book about which she often talks
paid
spent
talks
3.根据定语从句句意或主从句的搭配关系来确定
Air, ________which man can’t live, is really important.
The pen _____ which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
without
with
提示： 介词后的关系代词只
有whom, which, whose，不
能用that。
*如果介词与其前面的动词是固定搭配的动词短语，介词一般不可前置。Examples:
Tips
Bob found the dictionary.
I had been looking for it.
Bob found the dictionary (that) I had been looking for.
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
This is the boy.
She has taken care of him.
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难点三：
关系代词和关系副词如何选择？
先行词在定语从句中做__________________时，用关系代词(which, who, whom, that, whose)引导定语从句。
先行词在定语从句中做_________时，用关系副词(when, where, why)引导定语从句。
主语、宾语或定语
状语
1. I still remember the day ___________ we spent in the forest.
从句还原：We spent the day in the forest .
__________
that/ which/-
when
从句还原：I first came to Beijing
on the day.
__________
2. I still remember the day ___________
I first came to Beijing.
/on which
3.The factory____________ we will visit
is large.
4.The factory_______________his father works is large.
where
that/ which/省略
从句还原：We will visit the factory.
______________
______________
从句还原：His father works in the factory.
/in which
5.Today, we will discuss a number of cases ________ beginners of English fail to use the language.
where
注意： case, condition, situation, position, point, stage, degree，occasion等都能理解为表抽象地点的词，用where引导,意思是“在某种境况下,到某种地步”。
-
巩固练习
1. The reason ___________ he gave us sounded reasonable.
2. I don’t know the reason _______ he quarreled with you.
3. I’ll never forget the day ___________ we spent together.
4. I’ll remember the day _________ we stayed together.
5. This is the hotel ____________ we visited last year.
6. This is the hotel _________ Lincoln once lived.
总结：
关系代词和关系副词的选择关键看先行词
在定语从句中做的成分而定。
why
that/which
that/which
when
that/which
where
关系代词和关系副词的区别练习
1. The reason ___________ he gave us sounded reasonable.
2. I don’t know the reason _______ he quarreled with you.
3. I’ll never forget the day ___________ we spent together.
4. I’ll remember the day _________ we stayed together.
5. This is the hotel ____________ we visited last year.
6. This is the hotel _________ Lincoln once lived.
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难点四：
非限定性定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切, 去掉从句, 主句意义不完整, 甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited. (去掉定语从句, 意思就不完整)
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:
2. 非限制性定语从句：
从句对先行词关系不密切, 去掉定语从句, 意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开, 不能用that 引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. (who 引导非限制性定语从句, 整个 句子可分成两句来翻译)
非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
类型 项目 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句
逗号 有逗号 无逗号
that的应用 不能用that引导 可以用that引导
which的指代特点 除指代先行词外，还可指代句子或句子的一部分 只指代先行词
类型 项目 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句
关系代词的省略 作宾语时不能省略 作宾语时可以省略
与先行词的关系 起补充作用，去掉后对句意的完整性无影响 起限定修饰作用，去掉后句意不完整
非限制性定语从句的引导词
关系代词：which, who, whom, whose
关系副词：when, where
注意：不能用that, 也不能用why，必须用for which代替why
1.
关系代词as，“正如……”，引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活, 可置于主句前, 也可置于主句后。常见结构有：
as is well known 众所周知
as we know 正如我们所知
as we can see 正如我们所看到的
as we expect 不出所料
as is often the case 这是常有的事
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的
2.
注意：as在限制性定语从句的用法
as 引导限制性定语从句，主要用于the same…as（与…相同），such…as（像…一样），as…as（与…一样）
She knew he felt just the same as she did.
Such a man with a good temper as Mr. Li is
is easy to get along with.

关系副词when(指时间), where (指地点)也可以引导非限制性定语从句, 注意关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句, 应用for which引导。
He lives in the city, where there is a high tower.
The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, when he was born.
3.
I have told them the reason, __________I didn’t attend the meeting.
. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, __________________ they learn simple games and songs.
where
/ in which
for which
解 题 步 骤
第一步： 确定是否是定语从句。
第二步： 确定主从句部分。
第三步： 确定先行词。
第四步： 把先行词放到从句中，看先行
词在从句中作主语、宾语还
是状语。