译林版(2020) 必修第三册 Unit 3 The world Online现在分词学案(含答案)

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名称 译林版(2020) 必修第三册 Unit 3 The world Online现在分词学案(含答案)
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更新时间 2022-05-02 22:51:57

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译林版(2020) 必修第三册 Unit 3 The world Online 现在分词讲义
一、现在分词的基本结构和形式
1.否定结构
现在分词的否定式由“not+现在分词”构成。如:
Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.
她不知道该往哪儿走,就去请警察帮助。(现在分词一般式的否定结构)
Not seeing John, I asked where he was.
我看不见约翰,于是问他在何处。(现在分词一般式的否定结构)
Not being seen by anyone, the thief escaped.
那个贼趁无人看见时逃跑了。(现在分词被动式的否定结构)
Not having done it right,I tried again.
我由于没有做对,所以又试了试。(现在分词完成式的否定结构)
2.一般式
(1) 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如:
She sat there reading a novel.
她坐在那里看小说。
A little child learning to walk often falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
(2) 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。如:
Going into the room,he shut the door.
走进房间,他就关上了门。
3.完成式
现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。
Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
做完作业后,这个小女孩开始看电视。
Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.
因为在北京住了多年,卡特对这个城市很熟悉。
4.被动式
现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语为现在分词动作的承受者。
1)现在分词的一般被动式。如:
The building being built is our library.
正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。
The question being discussed is of great importance.
正在讨论的问题非常重要。
2)现在分词的完成被动式。如:
Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes.
老师警告他们之后,学生们不再犯这样的错误了。
Having been told many times , he still did not know how to do it.
(人家)已经告诉他多少次了,他还是不知道怎么做。
5.垂悬结构
1)现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致,但有时现在分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致,这种现在分词即所谓的垂悬现在分词。垂悬现在分词容易使句意模糊,甚至造成歧义,因而通常被认为是不合规范或错误的用法。
Searching along the deck,it had taken him some time to find a doctor.
他沿着甲板找了好久才找到一名医生。(searching的逻辑主语是句中的him)
Walking or sleeping,this subject was always in my mind.
不论是走路或睡觉,我总是在想着这个问题。
(walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中的my)
Traveling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果让学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
2)现在分词作表语时,相当于形容词,不可与构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式一样但可以从意义上予以区别。试比较:
The film is moving.这电影很感人。(表语,说明主语的性质)
They are moving next Sunday .他们下个周日搬家。(现在进行时,表示动作)
The bookstore is now closed.书店现 在已关门了。(表语,说明主语所处的状态)
The bookstore is usually closed at 7:30 p.m.书店通常在晚上7:30关门。(被动语态,表示动作)
二、两个基本特点
1. 在时间上:表示动作正在进行。
例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家, boiling water 沸水, rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。(试比较: a developed country 一个发达国家, boiled water沸水, risen sun升起的太阳)
2.在语态上:表示主动。
例如: the ruling class 统治阶级, the exploiting class 剥削阶级。(试比较: the ruled class 被统治阶级, the exploited class被剥削阶级)
充当定语编辑 播报
现在分词充当定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的(进行时)定语从句。例如:
① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.
③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech.
单个分词充当定语时放在所修饰名词前,分词短语充当定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。这是区分现在分词充当定语和动名词充当定语的判断方法之一。
注意1:分词的完成时不可充当定语
注意2:在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语,不用过去分词,这是考试的易错点。
注意3:某些现在分词充当定语时,已不再表示动作,已经从分词变为了形容词词性,如interesting story,an exciting match。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语,但是不能转化为相应的定语从句,但是可以有三级变化(原级、比较级、最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰。
三、充当状语
现在分词可充当时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
充当时间、条件、原因、让步状语时要位于句首,且与后面用逗号隔开。能转换为一个相应的状语从句。
充当结果、方式、伴随状语时要位于句尾,且与前面用逗号隔开,有时也可以不用。
此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性,一般要与句中主语保持一致。例如:
① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
这个是重点,是考试和高考的常考点,大家必须记住。
1.时间状语
Walking in the street, I saw him.
当我在街上走时,我看到他了。
可以转化为一个时间状语从句:
When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him. 
当要表达正在进行的动作时 可以在分词前面加上when/while,那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.(其实有的时候也可以理解为时间状语从句中的省略,但是不是时时成立的)
重新注意一下所给出的例子:
Walking in the street, I saw him.
是翻译成”当我在街上走时……”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时……”,这个是因为分词作状语时 其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致。
要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时……”可以用状语从句来做啊,因为从句是万能的啊:
When/While he was walking in the street, I saw him.
当他走在街上,我看到他。 
另外的一个方法是分词的独立主格形式:
He walking in the street, I saw him.
他走在街上,我看见他。
2.条件状语
Working hard, you will succeed.
(只要)努力工作,你就会成功。
3.原因状语
Being ill, she stayed at home.
(因为)生病,她留在家里 
注意 being是常用来作原因状语的
4.让步状语
Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.
有很多次失败,他没有灰心。
5.结果状语
His friend died, getting him a lot of money,
他的朋友死了,(所以)给了他很多钱。 
注:动词不定式作结果状语通常表示一种出乎意料的结果,常在不定式前加only或never用来强调惊讶或失望;而ing形式作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。
6.方式状语
Please answer the question using another way.
请用另一种方式回答这个问题。
7.伴随状语
Look at the people lying on the beach.
看那些人正躺在沙滩上。
8.独立成分
generally speaking一般来说 Judging from/by 由……判断出 supposing/providing/assuming假使  
此时逻辑主语不一定与句中主语保持一致。
四、充当补语
A.现在分词充当补语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如:
① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.
② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
B.以下动词可以加现在分词作宾补:
1)感官动词:see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe,keep,find,listen to,look at;
2)使役动词:have,get,catch,leave,set。
3)其他:catch、find
值得注意的是:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)。
e.g. I saw him singing now.
Don't have the students studying all day.
注意:宾语与作宾补充的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。
五、充当表语
分词作表语时,相当于形容词,不可与构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式是一样但可以从意义上予以区别。试比较:
The film is moving.这电影很感人。(表语,说明主语的性质)
Theyare moving next Sunday.他们下个周日搬家。(现在进行时,表示动作)
The bookstore is now closed.书店现在已关门了。(表语,说明主语所处的状态)
The bookshop is usually closed at 7.30 p.m.书店通常在晚上7:30关门。(被动语态,表示动作)
与过去分词充当表语的区别
一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite、interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in..., 若人/ 物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb/sth is interesting。这类词常见的有:
interesting 使人感到高兴 —— interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的 —— excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的 —— delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的 —— disappointed感到失望的
encouraging 令人鼓舞的 —— encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的 —— pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的 —— puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的 —— satisfied感到满意的
六、独立主格结构
1.独立主格,又叫独立结构。它没有主语和谓语,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。
2.现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如:
① With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word.
②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈!”他突然哭着喊,泪水从他的脸上流下来。(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语)
③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话,我们就去长城。(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语)
1.)形容词性物主代词+doing
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
2.)名词所有格+doing
Jane's being so careless caused so much trouble.
3.)人称代词的宾格+doing
Would you mind my/me using your call phone
4.)名词+doing
She insisted on her son/her son's going to college.
注意:现在分词的复合结构作主语时,只能用1/2两种形式;作宾语或表语时,四种形式都可以用 。
注意:当逻辑主语是人的身体部位时,如果后面的动词是vt.我们就用过去分词;如果是vi.我们就用现在分词。其实用过去分词时是因为身体部位作了它的宾语。
如果是由身体部位自己本身发出的动作时就用现在分词:
e.g. The boy lay on the ground,his eyes closed and his hands trembling. 这个男孩躺在地上,眼睛闭着,手在发抖。现在分词由动词加ing构成。(即v.-ing)
专项练习
一、语法填空
1.The park was full of people, _________( enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
2. A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those _________( want) a good night's sleep.
3.As I was about to give up hope , a man_________(drive) an old car came to help me.
4.Tom sat in the doctor's_________ ( wait) room.There were many patients there.
5.When I was a child, going to hospital was a very_________ (frighten) thing to me.
6.Listen! The song_________ (sing) is very popular with the students.
7. _________( face ) tough challenges,the Chinese women's volleyball team won the Olympic gold medal in Rio.
8.It rained heavily in the south,_________( cause) serious flooding in several provinces.
9.On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, _________( listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
10.This isn't as hard as it sounds, and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while_________ ( read) an interesting piece of literature.
11._________( work) in several countries, the young man seems to have the experience we're looking for.
12._________(cover ) an area of over 4,000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the the biggest salt water lake in China.
13.When the little girl found so many people _________(surround) her,she felt very nervous.
14._________( know) all this,l still want to see it in person.
15. Consequently,she succeeded in making a kind of candy only_________(use) natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
16._________ (translate ) into English,the sentence has an entirely different word order.
17.Kids usually finish school at 3: 30 p.m.However, most parents work until 6:00 p.m.,_________( make)it hard for them to pick their kids up.
18.—Mr Johnson,Im really sorry to have kept you _________(wait) for a long time.
—I know you are very busy at the moment.
19.When_________( teach) English,whether to children or adults, you have to be very creative to keep their interest.
20. Don't leave the lights _________( burn) all night. It will waste too much electricity.
Key:1. enjoying 2. wanting 3. driving 4. waiting 5. frightening 6. being sung 7. Facing 8. causing 9. listening 10. reading 11. Having worked 12. Covering 13. surrounding 14. Having know 15.using 16.Being translated 17.making 18.waiting 19.teaching 20.burning
二、用动词的-ing形式改写以下句子。
1.When they heard the good news, they jumped with great joy.
_____________________________________________________________________
2.As I did not know how to get there, I had to ask the way.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. If you have your cell phone at work,you should only use it for important calls.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. She sat by the window and enjoyed the beautiful sights outside.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Though online communication develops rapidly, it is still not the most efective channel of communication.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. A man who lives in the village rarely sees subways.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. I noticed she was reading an e-book with an e-reader.
_____________________________________________________________________
8.After he had turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. He fell asleep while he was doing his homework.
_____________________________________________________________________
10.The new machines will work faster. Thus it will reduce our cost.
_____________________________________________________________________
Key:1.Hearing When hearing the good news, they jumped with great joy.
2. Not knowing how to get there, I had to ask the way.
3. Having/If having your cell phone at work, you should only use it for important calls.
4. She sat by the window,enjoying the beautiful sights outside.
5. Though developing rapidly, online communication is still not the most effective channel of communication.
6. A man living in the village rarely sees subways.
7. I noticed her reading an e-book with an e-reader.
8. Having/ After having turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons,
9. He fell asleep while doing his homework.
10. The new machines will work faster, thus reducing our cost.
三、翻译句子
1.她在听收音机时睡着了。(动词-ing形式作状语)
__________ __________ to the radio, she fell asleep.
2.尽管努力地想,她还是记不起在哪儿见过他。(动词-ing形式作状语)
Although __________ hard, she still couldn't remember where she had seen him.
3.生活在野生环境中的动物更容易生存。(动词ing形式作定语)
Animals __________ __________ the wild are more likely to survive.
4.每天早上当我去上班时,我总看见那位老人在公园散步。(动词ing形式作宾语补足语)
Every morning when I go to work, I always see the old man __________ __________ the park.
5.告诉在外面玩的孩子们不要太吵(动词ing形式作定语)
Tell the children __________ __________ not to make too much noise.
Key:1.While listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
2. Although thinking hard, she still couldn't remember where she had seen him.
3. Animals living in the wild are more likely to survive.
4. Every morning when I go to work, I always see the old man walking in the park.
5. Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise.
高考演练:
1. (2019天津,阅读理B) Yet,now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself (need) way to escape. 2. (2019江苏,32) China's image is improving steadily, with more countries
(recognize) its role in international affairs.3. (2019课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.4.(2019北京,语法填空A) Nervously (face) challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words "Be yourself". 5.(2018课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空) China's approach to protecting its environment while (feed)its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank's Juergen Voegele.6.(2018江苏,26) Around13,500 new jobs were created during the period,
(exceed) the expected number of 12.000 held by market analysts.7.(2017天津,14) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,
( allow) more patients to be treated.8. In recent years an English word “ infosphere" has appeared, ( combine) the sense of “information" and "atmosphere". 9. Abercrombie& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 10. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars11. Today there are more airplanes ( carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 12. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was pile of mail (wait) for her.13.(2020天津,完形填空) Just few days after the signs went up, he
(发现人们坐在那里) and engaging in active and joyful conversations.14.(2020课标全国Ⅱ,七选五) Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened (用一个鼓励的微笑). 15.(2020全国新高考1,七选五) It's better to leave your listener
(期待更多) than shifting restlessly in their seats
(等着你的演讲) finally to end.
答案:
needing; recoooognizing; listening; facing; feeding; exceeding; allowing; combining; living; using; carrying; waiting; found people sitting there; with an encouraging smile; wishing for more; waiting for your speech