2022年河北省中考英语分题型复习：任务型阅读之语篇翻译课件（25张PPT）

(共25张PPT)
任务型阅读之语篇翻译
2022中考英语分题型复习
考纲要求
■考查学生的英汉互译能力：
■考查学生
对中西文化差异的了解
对常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用
对句子结构、语法知识的掌握
对简单的翻译技巧的掌握
命题特点
考查重点
1、各类重要句型结构（定语从句等）
2、搭配（动词短语，名词短语）
3、重点词的用法及习惯表达
4、主要语法规则及其运用等
5、简单的翻译技巧（省略、补充，词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等)。
命题特点
翻译的标准
■信：意义忠实于原文
■达：表达通顺，符合逻辑
■雅：语言优美
命题特点
解题技巧
2
1.明确命题意图，做到有的放矢。
2.注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。
3.不要逐字翻译。
解题指导
通读短文，了解大意。
分析要求翻译的句子的结构、类型、时态
调序、润色
切不可逐字逐句地翻译
翻译技巧指导：（易错点、难点)
连词的翻译
定语从句的翻译
it句型的翻译
否定转移的翻译
被动语态的翻译
解题技巧
连词的翻译
and: 和、与
Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends.
■露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。（不可省）
Young people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing.
■年青人和老人（的想法)不总是一致，有时他们对生活、工作和玩有不同的看法。（不可省）
The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.
太阳是明亮的，和天空是干净的。(×)
阳光明媚，晴空万里。（省译）
He left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar.
去年三月他离开公司，去哈佛做了访问学者。（省译）
连词的翻译
However, they worry about their school work and can't fall asleep quickly.
然而，他们担心他们的学业，不能很快入眠。（省译）
他不开心，不知道如何处理这件事。
He is unhappy and doesn't know how to deal with this thing.
解题策略
英语中连词用得多，汉语中连词用得少。
英译汉时，有些连词可以省译。
汉译英时，要适当增加连词，成文连贯。
连词的翻译
Though it isn’t like a table，I like it very much
虽然它看起来不像张桌子，但是我很喜欢它。（成对使用)补译
虽然那个梦想没有实现，但是现在他成功了。
Though that dream has not come true, now he is successful.
That dream has not come true, but he is successful. (删减)
解题策略：
英语中＂though”、“but”/＂because”、＂so”只能用其中之一，
但汉语中“虽然但是”、“因为…所以”等句式结构要可以成对使用。
连词的翻译
定语从句的翻译
Guilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers.
桂林是个有山有水的地方。
He refused to give up the goal which is very clear.
他拒绝放弃近在咫尺的目标。
解题策略
对于较短的定语从句，英译汉时，可译成带“的”的前置定语，可把复合句译成简单句。
He was very thankful to the land where he grew up.
他很感谢他生长的这片土地。
I met an old man who asked me to pay attention to health.
我遇到一位老人，这位老人要我注意健康。
解题策略
对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句，在英译汉时，可将其后置，将整个句子结构译成并列句，并重复先行词。
They should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives.
他们应该远离这些工作，这些工作会对他们的生活有很坯的影响。
定语从句的翻译
it句型的翻译
解题策略：
引导词it做形式主语、形式宾语时，本身没有独立意义，可以省译。
熟记it句型，做到英汉互译自如。
It be adj (for sb)to do sth. 对sb.来说，做sth.(要sb.做sth.)
It takes sb some time)to do sth. sb.花费多少时间做sth.。
I find/think it +adj to do sth. 我认为做sth. …
It was difficult to remember all the faces and names.
要记住所有的面孔和名字很难。
I think it hard for them to understand you joke
我认为，对他们来说，明白你的笑话很难.
=我认为，要他们明白你的笑话很难，
It took the volunteers the whole afternoon to clean up the park.
志愿者花了整整一个下午打扫公园
it句型的翻译
否定转移的翻译
I don’t think he can pass the exam. 我认为他不可能通过这次考试
I don’t believe that he can speak to the old so impolitely。
我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。
解题策略：
当主句部分是＂I don’t think＂ , " I don’t believe＂，“I don’t suppose ”等结构时，翻译成汉语时，要注意否定转移在宾语从句里。
我认为我们不该浪费时间
I don't think/suppose we should waste time.
我相信他不会抽烟。
I don't believe he can smoke.
汉译英：
否定转移，变成I don’t think/believe
否定转移的翻译
被动语态的翻译
被动语态的句子有时有“被”有时无”被”，
一定认真分析主动还是被动。熟记被动语态的各种时态
一般现在时：am/is/are+动词过去分词
一般过去时：was/were+动词过去分词
一般将来词：will be+动词过去分词
现在完成时：have/has been+动词过去分词
情态动词的被动语态：can/should/..be+动词过去分词
The blue sky is reflected(映衬)in the deep blue lake.
蓝蓝的天空映衬在深蓝色的湖水中。（无“被”)
Some of his works are translated into English, French and Japanese.
他的一些作品被译成了英语、法语和日语。 (有“被”)
我们学校是2011年建的。 （无“被”)
Our school was built in 2011.
被动语态的翻译
真题剖析
Friday is here and most of us enjoy what the weekend brings. 1. Maybe you will spend some time on your hobby. 2. 没有爱好就没有真正的快乐。Hobbies help our happiness. They give us purpose, meaning, a creative outlet, and they can even relieve stress.
One of my blog entries, from May of 2016, tells us how hobbies can help us identify some of our passions and that in turn can give us interesting content to include in a life story or memoir.
3.Certainly things like playing cards or other games, especially at family gatherings, can lead to some good memory. Or what about a day on the lake or the golf course
也许你会花一些时间在你的爱好上。
There is no real happiness without hobbies.
当然，像打牌或其他游戏，特别是在家庭聚会上，可以导致一些良好的记忆力。
4. You can get geography and history lessons from collecting stamps or coins from around the world.
One of the things I enjoy is playing guitar. It’s a hobby — I am not nearly good enough for pubic performances. 5. 但是我喜欢边弹吉他边唱歌， 以此来放松自己。 Get me around a few friends, family members or even a classroom full of students and I might break into a song. I was doing that today with my 5th graders.
If you want to start a new hobby or even search for new ideas, then check out A Full Guide On How To Start A New Hobby. It’s posted on the website. Some of the takeaways for me from the article included how hobbies can introduce us to new people, widen our knowledge and skills, and improve our confidence and self-esteem. Win, win and win.
你可以从世界各地收集邮票或硬币中获得地理和历史课程。
But I like playing the guitar and singing to relax myself.
真题剖析
（2021湖南·株洲）根据上下文将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。
The Internet and your friends influence your beauty standards. 1. 你的朋友总是在网上发照片。They want to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies, and you will compare yourself to them.
First of all, not to follow popular beauty standards blindly. They are out of reach for 99% of us, so it’s better to just forget about them.
2. Another suggestion is to tell yourself that you are special. Talk about your feelings with someone you trust. Hearing how much they value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. 3. 每个人都了不起。Everyone has their own talents.
Your friends always post photos online.
另一个建议是告诉你自己你很特别
Everyone is excellent.
真题剖析
Finally, it is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from bad thoughts. To achieve this, you should do something you enjoy. You can enjoy yourselves by learning. 4. This is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. You can also take part in social activities, like playing sports with your friends. These things can help you take your mind off matters that worry you and make you feel good about yourself.
You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside, not on the inside. However, like a book, your contents are much more important than your cover. 5. Don’t judge a book by its cover. If you can learn to see the good things about yourself, you will soon begin to love yourself just the way you are.
这是一个终生的旅途，因为每天都会带来新的东西。
不要通过封面来评判一本书。/不要以貌取人。
真题剖析
1、语篇翻译
Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. Our questions were about exercise, use of the Internet and watching TV. Here are the results.
We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day. Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week. Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week. 1.百分之二十的同学一点也不锻炼。
We all know that my students often go online, 2.but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.
The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting. Only two percent of the students watch TV one to three times a week. Thirteen percent watch TV four to six times a week. And eighty-five percent watch TV every day! 3.Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.
It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 4.它有益于身心健康。Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. And remember, “old habits die hard”. 5.So start exercising before it’s too late!
1．_______________________
2．_______________________
3．_______________________
4．_______________________
5．_______________________
Twenty percent of the students don’t exercise at all.
但我们惊讶的是，90%的人每天都使用互联网。
虽然很多学生喜欢看体育节目，但游戏节目是最受欢迎的。
It is good for physical and mental health.
所以在太晚之前开始锻炼吧！
2、语篇翻译
I did something special on my vacation. I went to the Hangzhou National Tea Museum. It’s near a lake. 1.它是令人放松的地方。The tea art performances are wonderful. They show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets. 2. Drinking tea is enjoyable. As you know, 3. China is famous for tea. Tea is produced in many different areas in China.4. Tea is sent to many different countries. It’s good for both health and business. Many people drink Chinese tea. 5.茶是中国文化的一部分。In China, tea has a very long history, and Hangzhou is widely known for its tea.
1．________________
2．________________
3．________________
4．________________
5．________________
It’s a relaxing place.
喝茶是令人愉快的。
中国以茶而闻名。
茶叶被送往许多不同的国家。
Tea is a part of Chinese culture.
Bye-bye!